Aeration of Landfills
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Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary AerationAeration ofof LandfillsLandfills R. Stegmann, M. Ritzkowski*, K.-U. Heyer, K. Hupe Consultants for Waste Management, Prof. R. Stegmann and Partner Schellerdamm 19-21, 21079 Hamburg, Germany (www.ifas-hamburg.de) *Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology & Energy Economics INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) Bioconversion and emission control group Harburger Schloßstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany (www.tuhh.de) © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary InitialInitial situation:situation: Old landfills & landfills in the closure phase More than 100,000 old landfills in Germany; many large landfills in the closure phase since June, 1st 2005 Old landfills (mainly small landfills): As a rule no top cover and/or base sealing Æ no LFG and leachate collection Predominant disposal of untreated MSW showing significant organic contents ¾ Many of these Landfills can be still considered as „Bioreactors“ Landfills under closure (mainly large landfills): INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) After the completion of LFG utilization cost intensive lean gas & leachate treatment is expected over very long periods of time © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary LegalLegal situationsituation According to the German legislation (German Landfill Ordinance) landfill emissions have to be controlled during both, closure and aftercare phase. Release from the aftercare (by the competent authority) only if the landfill does not pose a threat to the environment: Insignificant biodegradation processes Leachate quality in accordance with the water regulation for direct discharge INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) etc. ¾ Unpredictable duration of aftercare, high costs © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary MethodMethod ofof resolution:resolution: In situ reduction (controlled and accelerated) of the biodegradable organic fraction (emission potential) of the landfilled waste Widely reduction of the landfill gas formation potential Acceleration and completion of the main landfill settlements Improvement of the leachate quality (organic pollutants, ammonia- nitrogen) ¾ Creation of a biostabilized landfill which allows the installation of an INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) „adapted“ (e.g. only one liner) final surface cover, requiring less intensive and probably shorter aftercare © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary OperationOperation schemescheme forfor closedclosed landfillslandfills Approx. 10 – 20 years leachate treatment after closure gas collection / utilization if need be irrigation at low gas production Approx. 3 - 8 in situ- aeration (leachte re-circulation) years leachate treatment at low biological activity surface capping INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) passive aeration Long term co- treatment with sewage or „ natural“ treatment supervision / monitoring © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary TheThe project:project: Aerobic in situ stabilization of the Old Kuhstedt Landfill Overall duration: 8.5 years Start: 1999; Completion: End of 2007 Aeration period (net): Approx. 5 years Method applied: AEROflott® Low pressure aeration (continuous operation) Parallel aeration / gas extraction Off-gas treatment by means of either regenerative thermal oxidation INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (RTO) or bio-scrubber / bio-filter combination (in the later stage of stabilization) © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary TheThe principleprinciple ofof AEROAEROflottflott ® Off-gas collection & Aeration devices treatment Surface cover Landfill body Unsaturated soil INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) Aquifer © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary OldOld KuhstedtKuhstedt LandfillLandfill Operation Middle of the 60‘s until 1987: Landfill operation; deposition into a former gravel pit Deposited kinds of waste: Municipal solid waste, bulky waste, commercial waste similar to household waste, C&D-waste Total area: approx. 3,2 ha Landfill height: approx. 7 m Landfill volume: approx. 220.000 m³ Base liner: none LFG extraction: not applied Surface cover: soil and sand INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) Old Kuhstedt Landfill, overview (1998) © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary AerialAerial viewview onon thethe OldOld KuhstedtKuhstedt LandfillLandfill Container with blowers for aeration and gas extraction Air distribution and gas collection stations 3 Test fields for long term investigations of adapted surface INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) covers Exhaust treatment by regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary CivilCivil worksworks andand installationsinstallations 15,50 Gas wells for aeration and gas extraction 16,00 Northern gas distribution station 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,5019,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50 15,50 ,50 15,00 19,019,0 00 14,514,5 00 Main aeration pipe 16,016,0 00 17,017,0 00 18,0 18,0 00 21,00 14,50 Main gas extraction pipe 20,50 14,00 Gas distribution station 14,50 20,00 „middle“ 15,00 19,5 19,5 00 18,018,0 00 15,50 15,15, 0000 16,00 16,50 17,00, 14,14, 0000 17,50 TT 18,00 18,50 ee 19,00 stst 19,50 ff ii ee ll dd INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) ss 13,13, 5050 Operation area: 20,00 19,0 19,0 00 19,519,5 00 - Container with blowers for the 18,518,5 00 18,18, 0000 aeration and gas extraction 13,013,0 00 50 7, 1 0 - off gas treatment ,0 7 1 50 , 0 Southern gas 16 0 1 6, 13 5,50 1 0 - Workshop, lounge container ,50 14 ,0 ,00 15 distribution station , © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary AerationAeration equipmentequipment Blowers for aeration and gas extraction INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) Gas distribution station and valves for aeration / extraction © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem 15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50 15,50 ,50 15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50 20,50 14,00 14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50 17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 2000 18,50 19,00 19,50 INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) 13, 50 Gas extraction during the 20,00 19, 00 19, 50 first phase of remediation; 18, 50 18, 00 until CH4 < 30 Vol.-% 13, 00 0 ,5 7 1 0 ,0 17 0 ,5 0 1 16 ,0 13 5,50 6 ,50 14 1 0 ,00 ,0 15 , © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem 15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50 15,50 ,50 15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50 20,50 14,00 14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50 17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 14 CH4 INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) 12 13, 50 CO2 20,00 19, 00 19, 50 10 CO2/CH4 18, 50 O2 8 18, 00 13, 00 0 6 ,5 7 1 0 ,0 17 0 4 ,5 0 6 ,0 1 15,50 1 6 3,5 1 1 0 0 4,0 ,0 Off-gas concentration [% v/v] 0 5 2 1 , © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft 0 www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ 1 aeration period Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem 15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50 15,50 ,50 15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50 20,50 14,00 14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50 17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 16 CH4 INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5. 2008) 14 13, 50 CO2 20,00 19, 00 12 19, 50 CO2/CH4 18, 50 10 18, 00 O2 13, 00 8 0 ,5 7 6 1 0 ,0 17 0 ,5 0 6 ,0 4 1 15,50 1 6 3,5 1 1 0 0 4,0 ,0 Off-gas concentrationv/v] [% 0 15 , 2 © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft 0 www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ 1 aeration period Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem 15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50 15,50 ,50 15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50 20,50 14,00 14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50 17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 16 CH4 INTERlandfill (Lund, Sweden, 20.5.