Aeration of Landfills

Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

AerationAeration ofof LandfillsLandfills

R. Stegmann, M. Ritzkowski*, K.-U. Heyer, K. Hupe

Consultants for Waste Management, Prof. R. Stegmann and Partner Schellerdamm 19-21, 21079 Hamburg, Germany (www.ifas-hamburg.de)

*Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology & Energy Economics

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, Bioconversion and emission control group Harburger Schloßstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany (www.tuhh.de)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary InitialInitial situation:situation: Old landfills & landfills in the closure phase

More than 100,000 old landfills in Germany; many large landfills in the closure phase since June, 1st 2005 Old landfills (mainly small landfills): As a rule no top cover and/or base sealing Æ no LFG and leachate collection Predominant disposal of untreated MSW showing significant organic contents ¾ Many of these Landfills can be still considered as „Bioreactors“ Landfills under closure (mainly large landfills):

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, After the completion of LFG utilization cost intensive lean gas & leachate treatment is expected over very long periods of time

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

LegalLegal situationsituation

According to the German legislation (German Landfill Ordinance) landfill emissions have to be controlled during both, closure and aftercare phase. Release from the aftercare (by the competent authority) only if the landfill does not pose a threat to the environment: Insignificant biodegradation processes Leachate quality in accordance with the water regulation for direct discharge

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, etc. ¾ Unpredictable duration of aftercare, high costs

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

MethodMethod ofof resolution:resolution:

In situ reduction (controlled and accelerated) of the biodegradable organic fraction (emission potential) of the landfilled waste Widely reduction of the landfill gas formation potential Acceleration and completion of the main landfill settlements Improvement of the leachate quality (organic pollutants, ammonia- nitrogen) ¾ Creation of a biostabilized landfill which allows the installation of an

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, „adapted“ (e.g. only one liner) final surface cover, requiring less intensive and probably shorter aftercare

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OperationOperation schemescheme forfor closedclosed landfillslandfills

Approx. 10 – 20 years leachate treatment after closure gas collection / utilization if need be irrigation

at low gas production

Approx. 3 - 8 in situ- aeration (leachte re-circulation) years leachate treatment

at low biological activity

surface capping

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, passive aeration Long term co- treatment with sewage or „ natural“ treatment supervision / monitoring

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary TheThe project:project: Aerobic in situ stabilization of the Old Kuhstedt Landfill

Overall duration: 8.5 years Start: 1999; Completion: End of 2007 Aeration period (net): Approx. 5 years Method applied: AEROflott® Low pressure aeration (continuous operation) Parallel aeration / gas extraction Off-gas treatment by means of either regenerative thermal oxidation

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, (RTO) or bio-scrubber / bio-filter combination (in the later stage of stabilization)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

TheThe principleprinciple ofof AEROAEROflottflott ® Off-gas collection & Aeration devices treatment

Surface cover Landfill body

Unsaturated soil INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, Aquifer

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OldOld KuhstedtKuhstedt LandfillLandfill

Operation Middle of the 60‘s until 1987: Landfill operation; deposition into a former gravel pit

Deposited kinds of waste: Municipal solid waste, bulky waste, commercial waste similar to household waste, C&D-waste

Total area: approx. 3,2 ha Landfill height: approx. 7 m Landfill volume: approx. 220.000 m³

Base liner: none LFG extraction: not applied Surface cover: soil and sand INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Old Kuhstedt Landfill, overview (1998)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

AerialAerial viewview onon thethe OldOld KuhstedtKuhstedt LandfillLandfill

Container with blowers for aeration and gas extraction Air distribution and gas collection stations

3 Test fields for long term investigations of adapted surface

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, covers Exhaust treatment by regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

CivilCivil worksworks andand installationsinstallations

15,50 Gas wells for aeration and gas extraction 16,00 Northern gas distribution station 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,5019,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50

15,50

,50

15,00 19,019,0 00

14,514,5 00 Main aeration pipe 16,016,0 00 17,017,0 00 18,0 18,0 00 21,00 14,50 Main gas extraction pipe

20,50 14,00 Gas distribution station

14,50 20,00 „middle“ 15,00 19,5 19,5 00 18,018,0 00 15,50 15,15, 0000 16,00 16,50

17,00, 14,14, 0000 17,50 TT 18,00 18,50 ee 19,00 stst 19,50

ff ii ee

ll dd

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, ss 13,13, 5050 Operation area: 20,00 19,0 19,0 00 19,519,5 00

- Container with blowers for the 18,518,5 00 18,18, 0000

aeration and gas extraction 13,013,0 00

50 7, 1 0 - off gas treatment ,0 7 1 50 , 0 Southern gas 16 0 1 6, 13 5,50 1 0 - Workshop, lounge container ,50 14 ,0 ,00 15 distribution station ,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

AerationAeration equipmentequipment

Blowers for aeration and gas extraction INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, Gas distribution station and valves for aeration / extraction

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem

15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50

15,50

,50

15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50

20,50 14,00

14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50

17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 2000 18,50 19,00 19,50 INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 13, 50 Gas extraction during the 20,00 19, 00 19, 50

first phase of remediation; 18, 50

18, 00 until CH4 < 30 Vol.-% 13, 00 0 ,5 7 1 0 ,0 17 0 ,5 0 1 16 ,0 13 5,50 6 ,50 14 1 0 ,00 ,0 15 , © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft www.tu-harburg.de/aws/

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem

15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50

15,50

,50

15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50

20,50 14,00

14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50

17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 14 CH4

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 12 13, 50 CO2 20,00 19, 00 19, 50 10 CO2/CH4 18, 50 O2

8 18, 00 13, 00

0 6 ,5 7 1 0 ,0 17 0 4 ,5 0 6 ,0 1 15,50 1 6 3,5 1 1 0 0 4,0 ,0 Off-gas concentration [% v/v] 0 5 2 1 , © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft 0 www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ 1 aeration period Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem

15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50

15,50

,50

15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50

20,50 14,00

14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50

17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 16 CH4

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 14 13, 50 CO2 20,00 19, 00 12 19, 50

CO2/CH4 18, 50 10 18, 00

O2 13, 00 8 0 ,5 7 6 1 0 ,0 17 0 ,5 0 6 ,0 4 1 15,50 1 6 3,5 1 1 0 0 4,0 ,0

Off-gas concentrationv/v] [% 0 15 , 2 © TUHH, Institut für AbfallRessourcenWirtschaft 0 www.tu-harburg.de/aws/ 1 aeration period Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem

15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50

15,50

,50

15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50

20,50 14,00

14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50

17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 16 CH4

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 14 13, 50 CO2 20,00 19, 00 12 19, 50

CO2/CH4 18, 50 10 18, 00

O2 13, 00 8 0 ,5 7 6 1 0 ,0 17 0 ,5 0 6 ,0 4 1 15,50 1 6 3,5 1 1 0 0 4,0 ,0

OperationOperation ofof thethe AEROAEROflottflott®--SystemSystem

15,50 16,00 16,50 17,00 17,50 18,00 19,50 19,00 18,50 16,00 20,00 21,00 20,50 21,50

15,50

,50

15,00 19, 00 14, 50 16, 00 17, 00 18, 00 21,00 14,50

20,50 14,00

14,50 20,00 15,00 19, 50 18, 00 15,50 15, 00 16,00 16,50

17,000, 14, 00 17,50 18,00 18,50 19,00 19,50 18 CH4 16 INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 13, 50 20,00 19, 00 14 CO2 19, 50

12 CO2/CH4 18, 50

10 18, 00 O2 13, 00 8 0 ,5 7 1 0 6 ,0 17 0 ,5 0 6 ,0 1 15,50 1 6 4 3,5 1 1 0 0 4,0 ,0

PerformancePerformance (I)(I) –– CHCH4--productionproduction

1000

very low methane concentrations in the extracted off-gas after 4 years of aeration

100

10 ratio in the extracted ofrf-gas [-] ofrf-gas extracted the in ratio 4 /CH

2 1 CO INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

0 0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 2555

Operation time [d]

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (II)(II) –– OO2--conversionconversion

0,4

0% conversion of the injected oxygen

0,3

0,2 ratio in the extracted ofrf-gas [-] ofrf-gas the extracted in ratio 2 /N

2 0,1 O

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 50% conversion of the injected oxygen

0,0 0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 2555

Operation time [d]

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 11/2001 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 01/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 02/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 05/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 06/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 07/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 08/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 09/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 10/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 11/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 12/2002 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 01/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 02/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 03/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 04/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 06/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 08/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 09/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 11/2003 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 02/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 04/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 05/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 07/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 09/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 10/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 11/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 12/2004 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 01/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 02/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 04/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 05/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 06/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 07/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (III)(III) -- TemperaturesTemperatures

5917100

5917050 40 08/2005 37.5 35 32.5 30 5917000 27.5 25 22.5 20 17.5 °C 5916950 15 12.5 10 7.5 5916900 5 2.5 0

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, -2.5 -5 5916850

3499200 3499250 3499300

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

PerformancePerformance (IV)(IV) -- SettlementsSettlements

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

September 1999 April 2002 March 2003

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

ResultsResults Carbon conversion & stabilisation crtiterion “C90” 2500 90 total carbon discharge (aerated landfill) total carbon discharge (anaerobic landfill)

2000

Target value C90 for the completion of in situ aeration [= 90% C-mobile] 1500 increased carbon mobilization due to aeration 1000 data based on online analyses (measured) Carbon discharge (off-gas)[Mg]

500 data based on LFG 15 - 39 years until C90 -

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, prognosis (calculated) value will be reached (acceleration factor = 3

0 to 7) 0 365 730 1095 1460 1825 2190 Operation time [d]

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

ResultsResults Residual LFG-production 30 28,3

10 9,5 LFG-production DM] [m³/ton 6,7

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 5 3,2

0 prior to aeration after 2 years after 4 years after 6 years (completion)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

ResultsResults Reduction of GHG - Emissions 35000

30000

25000

without thermal off-gas with thermal off-gas treatment treatment: (RTO): reduction of GHG-emissions due 20000 reduction of GHG-emissions inside to the aerobic conditions inside the landfill and through the RTO the landfill body

15000 conditions CO2-equivalents [Mg CO2] [Mg CO2-equivalents 10000 total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

(CO2-equivalents) under anaerobic landfill landfill anaerobic under (CO2-equivalents) secondary INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 5000 28% emissions caused by energy

4% 0 CO2-equivalents (anaerobic) CO2-equivalents (aerated) CO2-equivalents (aerated+RTO)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

ResultsResults Waste characteristic 40

before aeration

35 after aeration

20 /kg DM]; [%DM]; [mg/kg DM] [mg/kg [%DM]; DM]; /kg

Norm 15 - 86% - 48% /g DM]; [l /g DM]; 2 10 - 63% [mg O

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, 5 - 83% - 52%

0 RI4 GP21 VS TOC TKN

[mg O2/g DM] [lNorm/kg DM] [% DM] [% DM] [mg/kg DM]

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

ResultsResults Leachate quality

Leachate (from LSR Leachate (from LSR tests) before aeration tests) after aeration Variation Parameter (average) (average)

NH4 -N [mg/l] 322 52 -84 %

BOD5 [mg/l] 299 39 -87 %

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, TOC [mg/l] 456 114 -75 %

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

OutlookOutlook

Since June 2007 investigations for the passive long term aeration of the biostabilized landfill are carried out: 10 wind driven aspirators (inducing slight negative pressures inside the waste mass Æ air venting) 2 wind driven air injection pumps (installed in those landfill sections showing an oxygen deficit after completion of aeration) INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

The project will be completed by the end of 2007.

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Introduction AEROflott®-system Performance Results Summary

SummarySummary

Aeration period: 5 years (net), 6 years (total) Carbon conversion rate: > 90% (of biodegradable TOC) Acceleration factor: > 3 to 7 (in comparison to anaerobic LF) Minor residual LFG-production rates (approx. 3 m³/ton DM) Improved leachate quality (based on LSR-tests)

® INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, The AEROflott system represents an approved and reliable method for the accelerated and controlled biostabilization of MSW landfills.

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

Aerobic in situ stabilisation: Examples of successfully completed projects

¾ Old Kuhstedt landfill, district of Rotenburg (Wuemme) – Lower Saxony, Germany, BMBF project since 2000

Altdeponie Kuhstedt

¾ Old Amberg-Neumühle landfill – Bavaria since 2001

Altdeponie Amberg

¾ Milmersdorf landfill, district of Uckermark – Brandenburg since 2002

Altdeponie Milmersdorf INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples Old Amberg-Neumühle landfill – Bavaria

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples Old Amberg-Neumühle landfill – Bavaria

Methane concentration before aerobic in situ stabilization 2001

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples Old Amberg-Neumühle landfill – Bavaria

Methane concentration after aerobic in situ stabilization 2007

[GKP 5] Br. 1

GM 1 GKP 1

GKP 7

[Br. 4] GKP 17 GKP 20 GKP 9 GKP 2 GM 2 S 10 Br. 2 Br. 13 GKP 3 GKP 18 Br. 8 Br. 5 Br. 18 GKP 19 Br. 12 GKP 8 S 7 Br. 17 Br. 22 Br. 19 GKP 16 Br. 9 GKP 15 S 11 K 1 Br. 26 Br. 6 GKP 32 GKP 21 GKP 10 Br. 14 GKP 4 KP 5-5m Br. 3 Br. 23 GKP 14 Br. 20 VZA 2 K 3 KP 5-3m S 6 S 8 VZA 3

Br. 10 KP 1 S 9 GM 4 Br. 27 KP 6 S 4 GKP 11 GKP 13 K 2 [Br. 7] KP 12 VZA 1 S 12 Br. 15 GKP 24 S 2 S 5 [Br. 11] GKP 12 S 1 Br. 21

S 3 Br. 24 Br. 28 Br. 16 [S 13] Br. 25 GKP 31 [Br. 29]

GKP 25 GKP 30 GKP 27 GKP 28 GKP 26 INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

GM 3

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

Aerobic in situ stabilisation at several MSW landfills and old deposits: Further examples

¾ Old Kuhstedt landfill, district of Rotenburg (Wuemme) – Lower Saxony, Germany, BMBF project since 2000

¾ Old Amberg-Neumühle landfill – Bavaria since 2001 Altdeponie Kuhstedt ¾ Milmersdorf landfill, district of Uckermark – Brandenburg since 2002

Now: Altdeponie Amberg

¾ TASi II: Doerentrup landfill, ABG Lippe, district of Lemgo, Northrhine-Westphalia, start October 2007 Altdeponie Milmersdorf INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, ¾ Old deposit: Schwalbach-Griesborn, Saarland, start 2007/2008

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

2. HVA

1. HVA INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany

Gas wells for aeration Distribution Station and collection of exhausts

Mains Air Supply

Mains Exhausts Collection

Operating Area: - Gas booster station - Exhausts purification INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany

Gas wells for aeration and collection of exhausts

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany

Gas wells for aeration and collection of exhausts

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Gas Distribution Station

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany

Mains Pipes and Gas Booster Station INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany

Mains Pipes and Gas Booster Station INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

TASi II Dörentrup Landfill, NRW, Germany

Blower Gas Booster Station INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund,

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

Costs of low pressure aeration

• site specific (e.g. size, volume) • technical demands, duration and intensity of aeration • available infrastructure

TASi II landfills - good conditions: ca. 0,5 - 1 EURO/m3

medium conditions: ca. 1 - 2 EURO/m3

(old deposits) difficult conditions: ca. 2 - 4 EURO/m3

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, • Cost reduction: Aerobic in situ stabilization as external service (renting of technical equipment, know-how etc.)

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

Cost saving potentials applying the aerobic in situ stabilisation (Landfill section≈ 2,1 Mio. Mg Waste,≈ 6 ha)

Costs for conventional Costs using aerobic in closure and aftercare situ stabilization in the (without in situ stabilization) closure period Total costs in situ stabilization - 1.5 – 2.0 Mio. € over 3 – 5 years (e.g. 2007 – 2011) Leachate treatment 2011 - 2035 10.0 Mio. € 8.0 Mio. €

Gas extraction and treatment (2007 – 2035) 5.1 Mio. € 2.6 Mio. €

Final surface sealing 3.0 Mio. € 2.0 Mio. € (in 2009) (in 2012) Costs 18.1 Mio. € 14.1 – 14.6 Mio. € INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, Cost-saving potential (at least) 3.5 – 4.0 Mio. €

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft Landfill in situ Aeration: Further Examples

ConclusionsConclusions

aerobic in situ stabilization leads to an improved emission behavior results of three different landfills confirm the positive impact of the low pressure aeration on the leachate, gas emissions with accelerated carbon discharge and settlements technical implementation on several landfills was successful, now plannings and implementation for large TASi II landfills the low pressure aeration is cheap and offers many cost- saving potentials in the closure and aftercare

INTERlandfill Sweden, 20.5. 2008) (Lund, aerobic in situ stabilization will probably be taken up in the new German „Integrated Landfill Ordinance“ (2009) as a suitable method to reduce the demand and duration for aftercare

Consultants for Waste Management, Hamburg abfallressourcenwirtschaft