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Distritos De La Provincia De Pomabamba

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Distritos De La Provincia De Pomabamba PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ FACULTAD DE LETRAS Y CIENCIAS HUMANAS EL DESARROLLO DEL TURISMO EN ESPACIOS RURALES: Estudio y análisis del potencial ecoturístico como alternativa de desarrollo en el distrito de Pomabamba, departamento de Ancash TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL EN GEOGRAFÍA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE AUTOR: EDUARDO JUNIOR SOBRINO VIDAL ASESOR: RICARDO ENRIQUE BOHL PAZOS Lima, noviembre 2018 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar quiero agradecer a mi familia, en especial a mis padres Eduardo Sobrino Arbulú y Fanny Vidal Vidal, que me apoyaron siempre y respaldan todas mis decisiones, son mis referentes y ejemplo a seguir en el ámbito personal y profesional; también a mi hermana Melissa Sobrino Vidal, quién siempre estuvo a mi lado cuando necesité de alguna ayuda o consejo. En cuanto a la presente investigación, quiero dar un agradecimiento especial a mi abuela Rosa Blandina Vidal, quién nació en Pomabamba y me acompañó en mi viaje para realizar el trabajo de campo. En segundo lugar, quiero expresar mi agradecimiento a mi asesor, el profesor Ricardo Bohl, a quién busqué para que me oriente en esta investigación debido a sus conocimientos en geografía del turismo y planificación territorial. Asimismo, agradezco a los profesores de la especialidad de Geografía y Medio Ambiente por cada curso y clase que me sirvió para ampliar mis conocimientos y enriquecer mi investigación durante el proceso de su elaboración. Además, debo agradecer a las personas que me apoyaron cuando viajé a Pomabamba. A mi tío Alejandro, a quién dedicó este trabajo porque fue mi guía en cada uno de los lugares que visité en el distrito. Finalmente, quiero agradecer a mis grandes amigos que conocí en la carrera María Isabel, Mario, Bianca, quiénes me motivaron y dieron apoyo para culminar con este trabajo. ii RESUMEN El Perú tiene una gran diversidad de ecosistemas, paisajes y recursos naturales, además cuenta con riqueza cultural en cada una de sus regiones, por lo que se puede considerar que el país posee un potencial turístico importante. El ecoturismo surge como una alternativa de desarrollo local, aprovechando, de manera sostenible, los recursos naturales y culturales. La provincia de Pomabamba, ubicada al noreste del departamento de Ancash, posee cuatro distritos (Pomabamba, Parobamba, Quinuabamba y Huayllán) que son conocidos y visitados principalmente por sus festividades culturales; sin embargo, sus áreas o zonas con potencial para el desarrollo del turismo de naturaleza, no han tenido difusión y no son administradas ni aprovechadas sosteniblemente por las autoridades locales ni la población. En la presente investigación se analiza y evidencia la potencialidad del distrito de Pomabamba, capital de la provincia, para el desarrollo del ecoturismo, resaltando sus recursos y paisajes naturales; además se destaca la disposición de la población local para participar en la implementación de ésta actividad puesto que podría surgir como una nueva alternativa de desarrollo para la localidad. ii ABSTRACT Peru has a great diversity of ecosystems, landscapes and natural resources. It also has cultural richness in each of its regions, which is why it can be considered that the country has an important tourist potential. Ecotourism emerges as an alternative to local development, taking advantage, in a sustainable way, of natural and cultural resources. The province of Pomabamba, located northeast of the department of Ancash, has four districts (Pomabamba, Parobamba, Quinuabamba and Huayllán) that are known and visited mainly for their cultural festivities; However, its areas or areas with potential for the development of nature tourism, have not been disseminated and are not managed or used sustainably by local authorities or the population. In the present investigation the potentiality of the district of Pomabamba, capital of the province, for the development of ecotourism, highlighting its resources and natural landscapes is analyzed and evidenced; It also highlights the willingness of the local population to participate in the implementation of this activity since it could emerge as a new development alternative for the locality. iii TABLA DE CONTENIDOS AGRADECIMIENTOS ......................................................................................... ii RESUMEN .......................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ iii ÍNDICE DE TABLAS ......................................................................................... vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ...................................................................................... viii ÍNDICE DE MAPAS ............................................................................................ x SIGLAS Y ACRÓNIMOS .................................................................................... xi INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................... 1 CAPÍTULO I: PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA .......................................... 4 1.1. Definición del problema ......................................................................... 4 1.2. Justificación .......................................................................................... 9 1.3. Preguntas de investigación ................................................................. 11 1.3.1. Pregunta principal ......................................................................... 11 1.3.2. Preguntas secundarias ................................................................. 11 1.4. Hipótesis ............................................................................................. 11 1.5. Objetivos de la investigación ............................................................... 12 1.5.1. Objetivo principal .......................................................................... 12 1.5.2. Objetivos secundarios .................................................................. 12 CAPÍTULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO .................................................................... 13 2.1. Antecedentes ...................................................................................... 13 2.1.1. Estudios y experiencias del ecoturismo en países americanos .... 13 2.1.2. Metodologías para la implementación del ecoturismo .................. 18 2.1.3. Análisis de la implementación del turismo y sus impactos ........... 20 2.2. Marco conceptual, teorías y definición de términos ............................ 23 2.2.1. Turismo ........................................................................................ 23 2.2.2. Geografía del turismo ................................................................... 24 2.2.3. Ecoturismo ................................................................................... 25 2.2.4. Sistema turístico ........................................................................... 28 2.2.5. Recurso turístico ........................................................................... 35 2.2.6. Atractivo turístico .......................................................................... 36 iv 2.2.7. Producto turístico .......................................................................... 36 2.2.8. El turismo como medio de desarrollo local ................................... 42 2.2.9. Los impactos negativos del turismo .............................................. 43 2.2.10. El turismo en espacios rurales y su tipología ............................ 46 2.2.11. Desarrollo sostenible rural ......................................................... 52 CAPÍTULO III: ASPECTOS LEGALES DEL TURISMO EN EL PERÚ ............. 54 3.1. Ley general del turismo ....................................................................... 54 3.1.1. Reglamento de la ley general del turismo .................................... 54 3.1.2. Organismo rector .......................................................................... 55 3.1.3. Reglamentos y normativas complementarias del sector turismo .. 56 CAPÍTULO IV: ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ................................................................ 58 4.1. Creación política de la provincia y el distrito de Pomabamba ............. 58 4.2. Localización geográfica....................................................................... 59 4.2.1. Ubicación política ......................................................................... 59 4.2.2. Distritos ........................................................................................ 59 4.2.3. Límites .......................................................................................... 60 4.3. Geografía física ................................................................................... 63 4.3.1. Relieve ......................................................................................... 63 4.3.2. Hidrología ..................................................................................... 66 4.3.3. Climatología ................................................................................. 68 4.3.4. Zonas ecológicas de vida ............................................................. 70 4.3.5. Vegetación ................................................................................... 71 4.4. Geografía Humana ............................................................................. 72 4.4.1. Población .....................................................................................
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