To Determine the Level of Information Input and Processing Behavior of Hybrid Rice Respondents
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Loss of Function at RAE2, a Previously Unidentified EPFL, Is Required for Awnlessness in Cultivated Asian Rice
Loss of function at RAE2, a previously unidentified EPFL, is required for awnlessness in cultivated Asian rice Kanako Bessho-Ueharaa,1, Diane R. Wangb,1, Tomoyuki Furutaa, Anzu Minamia, Keisuke Nagaia, Rico Gamuyaoa, Kenji Asanoa, Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shima, Yoshihiro Shimizua, Madoka Ayanoa, Norio Komedaa, Kazuyuki Doic, Kotaro Miurad, Yosuke Todae, Toshinori Kinoshitae, Satohiro Okudae, Tetsuya Higashiyamae, Mika Nomotof, Yasuomi Tadaf, Hidefumi Shinoharaf, Yoshikatsu Matsubayashif, Anthony Greenbergb, Jianzhong Wug, Hideshi Yasuih, Atsushi Yoshimurah, Hitoshi Moric,2, Susan R. McCouchb,2, and Motoyuki Ashikaria,2 aBioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; bSection of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1901; cGraduate School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; dFaculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Eiheiji-Town, Fukui 910-1195, Japan; eInstitute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; fDivision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; gNational Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan; and hFaculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan Edited by Maarten Koornneef, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany, and approved June 22, 2016 (received for review March 24, 2016) Domestication of crops based on artificial selection has contributed important for habitat expansion and survival of wild rice. Under numerous beneficial traits for agriculture. Wild characteristics such domestication, the awnless phenotype has been selected to facilitate as red pericarp and seed shattering were lost in both Asian (Oryza planting, harvesting, and storage of seeds (17). -
2015 Top 100 Founders Whether It’S in Plant Breeding Or Business, Policy Or Marketing, Sales Or Education, Leadership in the Seed Industry Takes Many Forms
FOUNDERS SERIES PART 6 OF 6 2015 Top 100 Founders Whether it’s in plant breeding or business, policy or marketing, sales or education, leadership in the seed industry takes many forms. Meet the most transformational men and women in the seed industry during the past 100 years. From all across the globe, they shape your world. THESE ARE THE individuals his first batch of okra seeds research stations and farmers’ fields of Mexico that Borlaug who have provided leadership to his neighbors, his com- developed successive generations of wheat varieties with broad during trying times, insight to pany contracts with more and stable disease resistance, broad adaptation to growing con- complex issues, and a com- than 100,000 growers. Since ditions across many degrees of latitude and with exceedingly mitment to something larger then, seed distribution in India high yield potential. These new wheat varieties and improved than self. has grown 40-fold. In 1998, crop management practices transformed agricultural produc- The 100 founders of the he received the World Food tion in Mexico during the 1940s and 1950s and later in Asia and seed industry that we’ve Prize award and invested that Latin America, sparking the Green Revolution. Because of his chosen to represent the money into research pro- achievements and efforts to prevent hunger, famine and misery dramatic changes during the grams for hybrid rice varieties. around the world, it is said that Borlaug has saved more lives past century have all left a than any other person who has ever lived. tremendous mark — be it in Henry Beachell plant breeding, technology, Creator of IR8 Rice Kent Bradford business or the policy arena — Today, most of the rice Launched the Seed Biotechnology Center that impacts the seed indus- grown in the world comes Through workshops and courses, the try. -
Hybrid Rice As a Pro-Poor Technology? Evidence from Bangladesh
Hybrid Rice as a Pro-Poor Technology? Evidence from Bangladesh William McFall, Graduate Student Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia 309 Conner Hall, Athens GA, 30602 Email: [email protected] Nicholas Magnan, Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia 315C Conner Hall, Athens GA, 30602 Email: [email protected] David J. Spielman International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K St NW, Washington DC, 20006 Email: [email protected] Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association’s 2013 AAEA & CAES Joint Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, August 4-6, 2013. Copyright 2013 by William McFall Nicholas Magnan, and David J. Spielman. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Hybrid Rice as a Pro-Poor Technology? Evidence from Bangladesh William McFall, Nicholas Magnan, David J. Spielman ABSTRACT We examine the use of hybrid rice as a pro-poor technology for subsistence rice farmers in South Asia. Hybrids, for which seed cannot be saved, is often thought to be ill-suited for poor farmers. However, poor subsistence farmers may find it advantageous to produce “sticky” hybrid rice instead of generally preferred slender open pollinated varieties, even though there is little market demand for it. We use two separately estimated double hurdle models to model the decision making process of subsistence rice-producing households as they allocate their land and consumption bundle between hybrid and open pollinated rice varieties. We find that relatively rich households are more likely to adopt hybrid rice. -
International Seminar on Promoting Rice Farmers' Market Through Value-Adding Activities
International Seminar on Promoting Rice Farmers' Market through value-adding Activities June 6-7, 2018 Faculty of Economics Kasetsart University, Thailand Organized by Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region (FFTC) Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University Agricultural Economics Society of Thailand under Royal Patronage The Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Promoting Rice Farmers’ Market through Value-adding Activities Proceedings of the International Seminar on Promoting Rice Farmers’ Market through Value-adding Activities June 6-7, 2018 Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand Organized by Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region (FFTC) Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University Agricultural Economics Society of Thailand under Royal Patronage The Thailand Research Fund (TRF) Contents Page Messages Dr. Kuo-Ching Lin i Director, FFTC Dr. Chongrak Wachrinrat ii Acting President, Kasetsart University Associate Professor Dr. Vijitsri Sanguanwongse iii Dean, Faculty of Economics, Kasetsart University Seminar Program iv PAPER PRESENTATIONS 1. Thailand’s rice industry and current policies 1 towards high value rice products Dr. Apichart Pongsrihadulchai 2. Evaluation of policy performance and profit efficiency of 12 rice production and marketing areas in Taiwan Prof. Min-Hsien Yang 3. Rice farming in the Japan’s matured market: overcoming 24 the shrinking domestic demand by value-adding and export-enhancing strategies Prof. Katsumi Arahata 4. The value chain and rice price policy in Indonesia 35 Prof. Muhammad Firdaus 5. Roles of agricultural cooperatives in joint production-consumption 46 linkage model related to large scale rice fields in Mekong Delta Dr. Hoang Vu Quang 6. Performance of rice industry in India: potential 59 opportunities and challenges Dr. -
The Molecular Genetic Study About Awnedness of Rice
The molecular genetic study about awnedness of rice (イネの芒に関する分子遺伝学的研究) Laboratory of Molecular Biosystem, Division of Molecular Cell Function, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Kanako UEHARA March 2017 Contents Chapter 1: General introduction 2 References 7 Chapter 2: Evaluation of awn phenotype in chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL). Introduction 12 Results 15 Discussion 23 Materials and methods 27 References 29 Tables and Figures 34 Chapter 3: Identification of Regulator of Awn Elongation 2 which is responsible for awn elongation. Introduction 60 Results 62 Discussion 78 Materials and methods 82 References 99 Tables and Figures 106 Acknowledgements 147 List of publications 148 1 Chapter 1 General introduction 2 Through the long domestication history, cultivated plants contribute to human health and prosperity. It is because human selected the species that have beneficial traits for agriculture from wild species over a long time period. In other words, human took an effort to improve wild species to be more manageable, to a higher yield and better taste. For example, the fruit of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been selected larger and larger than its ancestor (Lin et al. 2014), and Brassica oleracea has been selected to represent the extraordinary diversity such as cabbage, kale, broccoli and so on (Maggioni et al. 2010). Among the agricultural products, cereals are the most important foods for human. Not only fruits or vegetables but also cereals have been domesticated. The wild progenitors of the major cereals, wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), show weed like structure and physiological traits (Doebley et al. -
Oryza Glaberrima Steud)
plants Review Advances in Molecular Genetics and Genomics of African Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud) Peterson W. Wambugu 1, Marie-Noelle Ndjiondjop 2 and Robert Henry 3,* 1 Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Genetic Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 30148 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; [email protected] 2 M’bé Research Station, Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Ivory Coast; [email protected] 3 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; +61-7-661733460551 Received: 23 August 2019; Accepted: 25 September 2019; Published: 26 September 2019 Abstract: African rice (Oryza glaberrima) has a pool of genes for resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, making it an important genetic resource for rice improvement. African rice has potential for breeding for climate resilience and adapting rice cultivation to climate change. Over the last decade, there have been tremendous technological and analytical advances in genomics that have dramatically altered the landscape of rice research. Here we review the remarkable advances in knowledge that have been witnessed in the last few years in the area of genetics and genomics of African rice. Advances in cheap DNA sequencing technologies have fuelled development of numerous genomic and transcriptomic resources. Genomics has been pivotal in elucidating the genetic architecture of important traits thereby providing a basis for unlocking important trait variation. Whole genome re-sequencing studies have provided great insights on the domestication process, though key studies continue giving conflicting conclusions and theories. However, the genomic resources of African rice appear to be under-utilized as there seems to be little evidence that these vast resources are being productively exploited for example in practical rice improvement programmes. -
Slavery on South Carolina Rice Plantations
Slavery on South Carolina Rice Plantations The Migration of People and Knowledge in Early Colonial America Between 1505 and 1888 around 12 million Africans were enslaved and brought to the New World. The issues that arise from slavery are complex and vast. It is impossible to understand slavery from one lesson because it has existed throughout time and across different populations, in fact slavery still exists to this day. In this lesson you will learn about slavery on South Carolina rice plantations during Colonial America by reading this handout, reviewing charts and figures, and reading personal accounts. The “door of no return” at Elmina Castle. It leads from the dungeons of Elmina Castle in Ghana, West Africa to a harbor where slave ships docked. Elmina Castle was built on an island by the Dutch and African empires that controlled this area of West Africa in the 1700- 1800s. Both the Dutch and West African empires accumulated great power and wealth as thousands of enslaved Africans passed through the Door of No Return onto slave ships that took them to the New World. South Carolina Along the coastal lands of South Carolina are rice fields, they are now abandoned; the land has been reclaimed by wild grass and a few river alligators. The Gullah, African Americans who were originally from the West Coast of Africa, still populate the barrier islands along the coast today. During the 1700’s enslaved people worked tirelessly under deadly conditions to grow a crop that was as profitable as gold. Over 40,000 acres of land was cleared and 780 miles of canals were dug by the beginning of the 1800s.1 Disease, heat-stroke, and injuries killed many who worked the rice fields, but the rice was so valuable that the demand for enslaved people grew. -
Rice Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta
Rice From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Rice Oryza sativa Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Oryza Species • Oryza glaberrima • Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species ( Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima ) of grass , native to tropical and subtropical southern & southeastern Asia and to Africa , which together provide more than one fifth of the calories consumed by humans [1]. (The term "wild rice" can refer to wild species of Oryza, but conventionally refers to species of the related genus Zizania , both wild and domesticated.) Rice is an annual plant , growing to 1–1.8 m tall, occasionally more, with long slender leaves 50–100 cm long and 2–2.5 cm broad. The small wind-pollinated flowers are produced in a branched arching to pendulous inflorescence 30–50 cm long. The seed is a grain (caryopsis) 5–12 mm long and 2–3 mm thick. Contents • 1 Cultivation • 2 Preparation as food o 2.1 Cooking • 3 History o 3.1 Etymology o 3.2 History of cultivation • 4 World production and trade • 5 Rice Pests • 6 Cultivars Cultivation The planting of rice is often a labour intensive process Rice is a dietary staple for a large part of the world's human population , making it the most consumed cereal grain . Rice is the world's third largest crop, behind maize ("corn") and wheat . Rice cultivation is well suited to countries and regions with low labour costs and high rainfall , as it is very labour-intensive to cultivate and requires plenty of water for irrigation , much like the licorice crops found in Eastern Europe. -
Disruption of GSTZ1 Gene by Large Genetic Alteration in Oryza Glaberrima
Breeding Science 54 : 67-73 (2004) Disruption of GSTZ1 Gene by Large Genetic Alteration in Oryza glaberrima Tokuji Tsuchiya and Ikuo Nakamura* Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan After the completion of the genome sequencing project Introduction of common rice (Oryza sativa L.), comparative genomic studies between rice and related species became impor- Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are tant to reveal the function of each gene. The rice ge- ubiquitous and abundant detoxifying enzymes in all the organ- nome contains two copies of the gene encoding zeta class isms, such as bacteria, fungi, animals and plants. Recently, glutathione S-transferase (GSTZ) that is reported to be plant GSTs have been classified into four different classes, the enzyme in the catabolic pathway of tyrosine and phi, tau, theta and zeta, based on amino acid sequence simi- phenylalanine. Two GSTZ genes of O. sativa, OsGSTZ1 larity and gene structure (Dixon et al. 1998, Edward et al. and OsGSTZ2, display a tandem arrangement. Up- 2000). The phi and tau GST genes are plant-specific and com- stream OsGSTZ1 gene is constitutively expressed, pose large multi-gene families, whereas the theta and zeta whereas the downstream OsGSTZ2 gene is inducible by GST genes have a few copies. The zeta class GST (GSTZ) stresses. We analyzed the expression of the GSTZ gene genes are present as one or two copies in every plant genome in the African cultivated species O. glaberrima and wild studied, such as A. thaliana, maize, soybean, carnation and species O. -
Development of Basmati Rice Genotypes with Resistance to Both Bacterial Blight and Blast Diseases Using Marker Assisted Restricted Backcross Breeding
Indian J. Genet., 78(1): 36-47 (2018) DOI: 10.5958/0975-6906.2018.00005.6 Development of Basmati rice genotypes with resistance to both bacterial blight and blast diseases using marker assisted restricted backcross breeding # 1 1 2 Vidya Sagar , S. Gopala Krishnan, Priyanka Dwivedi, K. K. Mondal , G. Prakash , M. Nagarajan and A. K. Singh* Division of Genetics, 1Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012; 2RBGRC, ICAR-IARI, Aduthurai 612 101, Tamil Nadu (Received: October 2017; Revised: December 2017; Accepted: January 2018) Abstract Key words: Basmati rice, BB, blast, marker assisted restricted backcrossing breeding, grain Marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB) is aimed at introgression of trait(s) into a popular variety to augment and cooking quality specific trait(s) in an otherwise popular variety. While MABB can improve a variety with respect to introgressed trait(s), Introduction it offers very little scope for improvement of other traits. Marker assisted restricted backcross breeding (MARBB) is Basmati rice grown in Himalayan foothills of Indian an alternative which can help in identifying transgressive sub-continent is a valuable export commodity, which segregants especially, when the donor parent is an elite earned foreign exchange worth Rs. 22718/- crores genotype with several desirable traits. In the present study, during 2015-16. It is renowned worldwide for its restricted backcrossing followed by pedigree selection was exquisite quality traits featuring a harmonious blend used for the development of improved genotypes of Basmati rice with BB and blast diseases using an early extra-long, superfine grains, length-wise kernel maturing Basmati rice variety, Pusa Basmati 1509 as elongation with minimum swelling on cooking, fluffy recurrent parent and an elite restorer line, Pusa 1790 as cooked rice with pleasant aroma, appealing taste and donor. -
African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Black Atlantic
África: Revista do Centro de Estudos Africanos. USP, S. Paulo, 27-28: 91-114, 2006/2007 African origins of rice cultivation in the Black Atlantic Judith A. Carney* Wade in de water, Wade in de water, children Wade in de water, God’s a goin’ to trouble de water. See dat band all dress’d in red, God’s a goin’ to trouble de water. It looks like de band dat Moses led. God’s a goin’ a trouble de water. Abstract: The African diaspora was one of plants as well as people. Rice (Oryza glaberrima) led the diffusion of African plants and agricultural systems that shaped environment, food preferences, economies and cultural identity during the era of plantation slavery. By the eighteenth century the cereal was widely established from South Carolina to Brazil in the Americas. Grown by slaves as well as maroons, on plantations for subsistence as well as for export, rice cultivation accompanied African settlement of the Americas. This article reviews the indigenous knowledge systems that informed the cultivation of rice along the African as well as American Atlantic. With identical methods and practices, slaves from West Africa adapted a favored dietary staple to new conditions in the Americas, thereby ensuring the cereal’s enduring significance in Diaspora cuisines. In illuminating the African origins of Ca- rolina rice beginnings, this paper aims to recover a significant narrative of the Atlantic slave trade. Keywords: African rice, slavery, Black Atlantic, African diaspora, knowledge systems. * Department of Geography, UCLA. USA. 91 African origins of rice cultivation in the Black Atlantic INTRODUCTION The African-American spiritual, “Wade in the Water,” recalls the passage to freedom that the parting of the Red Sea gave Moses and the enslaved Israelites. -
Oryza Glaberrima
African rice (Oryza glaberrima) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection and development and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection development African rice ( Oryza glaberrima ) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological Togo ) cultivation in the Béla Teeken Béla Béla Teeken African rice (Oryza glaberrima) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection and development Béla Teeken Thesis committee Promotors Prof. Dr P. Richards Emeritus professor of Technology and Agrarian Development Wageningen University Prof. Dr P.C. Struik Professor of Crop Physiology Wageningen University Co-promotors Dr H. Maat Assistant Professor Knowledge, Technology and Innovation group Wageningen University Dr E. Nuijten Senior Researcher Plant Breeding & Sustainable Production Chains Louis Bolk Institute Other members Prof. Dr H.A.J. Bras, Wageningen University Prof. Dr S. Hagberg, Professor of Cultural Anthropology, Uppsala University, Sweden Dr T.J.L. van Hintum, Wageningen University Dr S. Zanen, Senior Trainer Consultant, MDF Training & Consultancy, Ede This research was conducted under the auspices of the Wageningen School of Social Sciences (WASS). African rice (Oryza glaberrima) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection and development Be´la Teeken PHD Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 1 September 2015 at 4 p.m. in the Aula. Béla Teeken African rice (Oryza glaberrima) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection and development 306 pages PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2015) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-94-6257-435-9 Abstract Teeken B (2015).