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Catch Share Management in the Northeast Multispecies Fishery: Implications for the Commercial Groundfish Fishery in New Hampshire

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Catch Share Management in the Northeast Multispecies Fishery: Implications for the Commercial Groundfish Fishery in New Hampshire University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 2015 Catch Share Management in the Northeast Multispecies Fishery: Implications for the Commercial Groundfish Fishery in New Hampshire Rachel G. Feeney University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Feeney, Rachel G., "Catch Share Management in the Northeast Multispecies Fishery: Implications for the Commercial Groundfish Fishery in New Hampshire" (2015). Doctoral Dissertations. 2234. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CATCH SHARE MANAGEMENT IN THE NORTHEAST MULTISPECIES FISHERY: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COMMERCIAL GROUNDFISH FISHERY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE BY RACHEL GALLANT FEENEY Artium Baccalaureus, Bryn Mawr College, 1997 Master of Science, University of New Hampshire, 2003 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Resources and Environmental Studies December, 2015 This dissertation has been examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Resources and Environmental Studies by: Dissertation Director, Dr. Christopher W. Glass, Associate Director and Research Professor Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space Dr. Madeleine Hall-Arber, Anthropologist Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dr. Kenneth J. LaValley, Dean and Director Cooperative Extension Dr. Alberto B. Manalo, Associate Professor Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Dr. Julia Olson, Anthropologist Social Sciences Branch/Northeast Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service On November 3, 2015 Original approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. ii ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2015 Rachel Gallant Feeney iii DEDICATION To my husband, who has always known me to be a student. A new day is dawning. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Much appreciation is extended to my advisor Dr. Christopher Glass for encouraging my professional development, first as a staff member of the University of New Hampshire (UNH) and then as a doctoral student. This research endeavor has benefited from the support of committee members Dr. Madeleine Hall-Arber, Dr. Ken La Valley, Dr. Alberto Manalo, and Dr. Julia Olson. Dr. Joshua Wiersma served as the sector manager for NEFS XI and XII from 2010 to 2014. His guidance and perspective of the New Hampshire groundfish fishery were invaluable in crafting the research questions, encouraging fisherman to participate, and interpreting results. Of course, this dissertation would not be possible without the participation of the fishermen who shared their time, stories, and frank viewpoints. Early mentorship by my undergraduate and master’s research advisors, Dr. Maria Crawford and Dr. Karen Von Damm were foundational to my professional development. My husband Rob Feeney has been an unfailing support throughout. I have worked full-time while pursuing a doctoral degree, first at the Northeast Consortium (UNH), then at the New England Fishery Management Council (since March 2011). Both programs provided the flexibility necessary to accomplish this project, as well as partial financial support (tuition, travel). Primary funding for this research was provided by the Northeast Sea Grant College Consortium under the 2012-2014 Omnibus Request for Proposal. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………… iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………… iv LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………….. viii LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………… ix ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………… x CHAPTER PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 I. HISTORICAL CONTEXT 15 II. THEORY 33 III. METHODS 51 IV. OUTCOMES – FISHERY DEMOGRAPHICS 72 V. OUTCOMES – FISHING PRACTICES 78 VI. OUTCOMES - SOCIAL CAPITAL 90 VII. OUTCOMES - BYCATCH 107 VIII. OUTCOMES – ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE 120 IX. OUTCOMES – SAFETY 136 X. OUTCOMES – WELL-BEING 141 XI. CONCLUSIONS 155 XII. EPILOGUE 160 TABLES 161 FIGURES 196 v LIST OF REFERENCES 199 APPENDICES 210 APPENDIX A. PRELIMINARY RESEARCH 211 APPENDIX B. INTERVIEW QUESTIONS, VARIABLES, AND CODING SCHEME 215 APPENDIX C. DEFINITION OF ACRONYMNS 223 APPENDIX D. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPROVAL 224 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Timeline of federal actions associated with Northeast Multispecies management ..... 161 Table 2 - Development of Amendment 16 to the Northeast Multispecies FMP ........................ 162 Table 3 – Control rules for common pool and sector vessels ..................................................... 162 Table 4 - New Hampshire fishery data, 1720-1841 .................................................................... 163 Table 5 - New England fishery data, 1880: employment, vessels, and boats ............................. 164 Table 6 – New England fishery data, 1880: value of products by fisheries ............................... 164 Table 7 - Landings in New Hampshire by species, 1950 to 2010 (lbs.) ..................................... 165 Table 8 - Landings in New Hampshire by fishing gear, 1950 - 2010. ........................................ 167 Table 9 – Population and informant stratification ...................................................................... 169 Table 10 - Calculation of DAS and sector bycatch ..................................................................... 169 Table 11 – Number of active groundfish vessels, New Hampshire vs. total .............................. 169 Table 12- Fishery revenue and vessel length, New Hampshire vs. total .................................... 170 Table 13 - Homeports and landing ports of the permit holder population and informants ........ 170 Table 14 – Sex of population and informants ............................................................................. 170 Table 15 - Permits held by the population and informants in FY 2012 ...................................... 171 Table 16 - Specific sectors individuals enrolled in ..................................................................... 171 Table 17 - Age of informants ...................................................................................................... 172 Table 18 - Other informant demographics .................................................................................. 172 Table 19 - Performance of the New Hampshire multispecies industry ...................................... 173 Table 20 - ACE use by informant sector members ..................................................................... 173 Table 21 - Efficiency .................................................................................................................. 174 Table 22 - Informant rationale for perspectives on fishing efficiency and flexibility ................ 174 vii Table 23 - Flexibility .................................................................................................................. 174 Table 24 - Labor.......................................................................................................................... 175 Table 25 - Gear ........................................................................................................................... 175 Table 26 - Fishing trips ............................................................................................................... 176 Table 27 - Affiliation with industry organizations ..................................................................... 176 Table 28 - Sharing within the fishing community ...................................................................... 177 Table 29 - Community ties ......................................................................................................... 178 Table 30 - Views of NMFS ......................................................................................................... 179 Table 31 - Degree of social capital within sectors ...................................................................... 179 Table 32 - Bycatch ...................................................................................................................... 180 Table 33 - Northeast Multispecies Commercial Bycatch Estimates (2005, mt) ......................... 181 Table 34 - Commercial catch (mt, live) of Gulf of Maine haddock ........................................... 182 Table 35 - Commercial catch (mt, live) of Georges Bank haddock ........................................... 183 Table 36 - Commercial catch (mt, live) of Gulf of Maine cod ................................................... 184 Table 37 - Commercial catch (mt, live) of Georges Bank cod ................................................... 185 Table 38 – FY 2010 End of Year Accounting of Northeast Multispecies Commercial Catch ... 186 Table 39 – FY 2011 end of year accounting of Northeast Multispecies commercial catch ....... 187 Table 40 - Economic performance of informants (n=21), FY 2009 - FY 2011.......................... 188 Table 41 - Multispecies stocks ACE allocated and percent caught for FY 2010. ...................... 189
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