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Fronteer Wind Farm Between Makhanda and Somerset East, Eastern Cape

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Fronteer Wind Farm Between Makhanda and Somerset East, Eastern Cape FRONTEER WIND FARM BETWEEN MAKHANDA AND SOMERSET EAST, EASTERN CAPE Heritage Impact Assessment Issue Date: 1 March 2021 Revision No.: 0.1 Project No.: 444HIA + 27 (0) 12 332 5305 +27 (0) 86 675 8077 [email protected] PO Box 32542, Totiusdal, 0134 Offices in South Africa, Kingdom of Lesotho and Mozambique Head Office: 906 Bergarend Streets Waverley, Pretoria, South Africa Directors: HS Steyn, PD Birkholtz, W Fourie Declaration of Independence I, Cherene de Bruyn, declare that – General declaration: ▪ I act as the independent heritage practitioner in this application ▪ I will perform the work relating to the application in an objective manner, even if this results in views and findings that are not favourable to the applicant ▪ I declare that there are no circumstances that may compromise my objectivity in performing such work; ▪ I have expertise in conducting heritage impact assessments, including knowledge of the Act, Regulations and any guidelines that have relevance to the proposed activity; ▪ I will comply with the Act, Regulations and all other applicable legislation; ▪ I will take into account, to the extent possible, the matters listed in section 38 of the NHRA when preparing the application and any report relating to the application; ▪ I have no, and will not engage in, conflicting interests in the undertaking of the activity; ▪ I undertake to disclose to the applicant and the competent authority all material information in my possession that reasonably has or may have the potential of influencing - any decision to be taken with respect to the application by the competent authority; and - the objectivity of any report, plan or document to be prepared by myself for submission to the competent authority; ▪ I will ensure that information containing all relevant facts in respect of the application is distributed or made available to interested and affected parties and the public and that participation by interested and affected parties is facilitated in such a manner that all interested and affected parties will be provided with a reasonable opportunity to participate and to provide comments on documents that are produced to support the application; ▪ I will provide the competent authority with access to all information at my disposal regarding the application, whether such information is favourable to the applicant or not ▪ All the particulars furnished by me in this form are true and correct; ▪ I will perform all other obligations as expected from a heritage practitioner in terms of the Act and the constitutions of my affiliated professional bodies; and ▪ I realise that a false declaration is an offence in terms of regulation 71 of the Regulations and is punishable in terms of section 24F of the NEMA. Disclosure of Vested Interest ▪ I do not have and will not have any vested interest (either business, financial, personal or other) in the proposed activity proceeding other than remuneration for work performed in terms of the Regulations; HERITAGE CONSULTANT: PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Cherene de Bruyn – Archaeologist Tel: +27 (0) 12 332 5305 Email: [email protected] SIGNATURE: ______________________________ Fronteer Wind Farm HIA Report 3 March 2021 Page ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT Report Title FRONTEER WIND FARM BETWEEN MAKHANDA AND SOMERSET EAST, EASTERN CAPE Control Name Signature Designation Author Cherene de Bruyn Archaeologist/ PGS Heritage Internal Wouter Fourie Principal review Heritage Specialist Reviewed Lisa Opperman Environmental Consultant CLIENT: Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Lisa Opperman Tel: +27 (0)11 656 3237 E-mail: [email protected] SIGNATURE: ______________________________ Fronteer Wind Farm HIA Report 3 March 2021 Page iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd (PGS) was appointed by Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd (Savannah) to undertake a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) and Palaeontological Impact Assessment (PIA) which will serve to inform the Basic Assessment Report (BAR) and Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) for the proposed Fronteer Wind Farm, between Makhanda and Somerset East, Eastern Cape. The proposed development forms part of a cluster of renewable energy developments that will include several wind energy facilities as well as solar photovoltaic (PV) facilities. The location of the wind and solar energy facilities and grid connection infrastructure is within the Cookhouse Renewable Energy Development Zone (REDZ) and the Eastern Corridor of the Strategic Transmission Corridors. The site is split into two definitive areas, namely: • Eastern Priority development area situated close to Makhanda with access from the Nquara Harbour being along the N2 to Grahamstown, along the R335 to Bedford and the wind farm site. • The Western Priority development area situated immediately to the west of the N10 up to Somerset East. This HIA aims to evaluate the possible impacts on heritage resources present within the proposed development footprint of the Fronteer Wind Farm. Immediate and direct impacts on archaeological and palaeontological resources were addressed through the HIA and a PIA (Appendix F). Statement of Significance Heritage resources are unique and non-renewable (i.e. permanent loss) and as such, any impact on such resources must be viewed as significant and permanent. During the fieldwork and research, various heritage resources were identified including archaeological and historical sites varying in significance from grade IIIC to IIIA. Fieldwork The fieldwork component of the study was aimed at identifying tangible remains of archaeological, historical and heritage significance. The fieldwork was undertaken by way of intensive walkthroughs of the study area. The fieldwork was conducted over several days on 23 March 2020 as well as from 8 to 13 June 2020. This fieldwork team consisted of an archaeologist (Cherene de Bruyn) and field assistant (Pascal Snyman). The following provides a breakdown of the heritage resources identified and graded in the study area. During the survey, five (5) heritage sites were identified. Of these five sites, four (4) sites (EWF2-01 to Fronteer Wind Farm HIA Report 3 March 2021 Page iv EWF2-04) consist of structures (Farmhouses, Labourer houses, and stone walls), and one (1) site contain graves (EWF2-05). Historical structures Two (2) labourer houses (EWF2-02 and EWF2-04), and one (1) stone farm wall (EWF2-03) were rated as not conservation worthy and of no heritage significance. A farmstead (EWF2-01) was also identified. This site has a medium heritage significance and heritage rating of IIIB. Burial Grounds and graves One (1) burial ground (EWF2-05) was identified that may be affected by the proposed project. Graves have a high heritage significance and heritage rating of IIIA. Palaeontology According to the PIA conducted by Banzai Environmental (Butler, 2021) the proposed development is by the Dwyka Group; the Fort Brown Formation of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup), Adelaide Subgroup (Koonap and Middleton Formations) of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) and the Witteberg Group of the Cape Supergroup, Karoo Dolerite (Karoo Supergroup), and Quaternary deposits. According to the PalaeoMap of SAHRIS the Palaeontological Sensitivity of the Dwyka Group is Low, the Collingham Formation, Rippon Formation, Fort Brown Formation of the Ecca Group is Moderate, while the Prince Albert Formation has a High and the Whitehill Formation of the Ecca has a Very High Palaeontological Sensitivity. The Adelaide Subgroup has a Very high Palaeontological Sensitivity while Dolerite is igneous in origin and thus has an Insignificant Paleontological Sensitivity (Almond et al, 2013; SAHRIS website). As such, there is a moderate to high chance of finding fossils in this area. A 3-day site-specific field survey of the development footprint was conducted on foot and by a motor vehicle on 20 November to 23 November 2020. No visible evidence of fossiliferous outcrops was found. Cultural Landscape The Cultural Landscape of the area between and surrounding Makhanda (Grahamstown) and Somerset East is sparsely populated with several farmsteads and their associated structures located on the valley floors of this hilly and mountainous region. The farmsteads are connected through several farm roads and old historic ox-wagon routes that link the local communities to the busy towns of Makhanda (Grahamstown) and Somerset East. The cultural landscape of Fronteer Wind Farm HIA Report 3 March 2021 Page v area proposed for Fronteer Wind Farm has a medium to high heritage significance. Many of the old farm buildings, stone houses and Churches in the area contain architectural elements greater than 60 years of age and fall with the general protection of the National Heritage Resources Act (25 of 1999) (NHRA). The cultural landscape of the area comprises of both Local and Provincial heritage sites, consisting of palaeontological sites, rock art, burial grounds and graves, monuments and memorials, stonewalling, as well as historical structures. The significance grading of the cultural landscape elements ranged from IIIC to II. Although no mitigation of the impact on the sense of place of the region or the cultural landscape is possible the impact of the development on the cultural landscape can be minimised with the recommended general mitigation measures. Impact Statement Analysis of the various components of the HIA indicates a mitigated low negative impact on heritage resources and are expanded on below. Historical structures An
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