Programming on Silicon Graphics® Systems: an Overview
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Using Restricted Transactional Memory to Build a Scalable In-Memory Database
Using Restricted Transactional Memory to Build a Scalable In-Memory Database Zhaoguo Wang†, Hao Qian‡, Jinyang Li§, Haibo Chen‡ † School of Computer Science, Fudan University ‡ Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University § Department of Computer Science, New York University Abstract However, the correctness of the resulting code is complex to reason about and relies on the processor’s (increasingly The recent availability of Intel Haswell processors marks the complex) memory model. transition of hardware transactional memory from research Recently, Intel has shipped its 4th-generation Haswell toys to mainstream reality. DBX is an in-memory database processor with support for Hardware Transactional Mem- that uses Intel’s restricted transactional memory (RTM) to ory [16]. This opens up a third possibility to scaling multi- achieve high performance and good scalability across multi- core software. Instead of relying on fine-grained locking core machines. The main limitation (and also key to practi- and atomic operations, one can synchronize using hardware cality) of RTM is its constrained working set size: an RTM transactions, which offer a programming model that is ar- region that reads or writes too much data will always be guably even more straightforward than mutual exclusion. aborted. The design of DBX addresses this challenge in sev- The promise is that the resulting implementation is much eral ways. First, DBX builds a database transaction layer on simpler and easier-to-understand while still retaining the top of an underlying shared-memory store. The two layers performance benefits of fine-grained locking. use separate RTM regions to synchronize shared memory Does hardware transactional memory actually deliver its access. -
Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)
Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Using the GNU Compiler Collection by Richard M. Stallman and the GCC Developer Community Last updated 23 May 2004 for GCC 3.4.6 For GCC Version 3.4.6 Published by: GNU Press Website: www.gnupress.org a division of the General: [email protected] Free Software Foundation Orders: [email protected] 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Tel 617-542-5942 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Fax 617-542-2652 Last printed October 2003 for GCC 3.3.1. Printed copies are available for $45 each. Copyright c 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being \GNU General Public License" and \Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: A GNU Manual (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development. i Short Contents Introduction ...................................... 1 1 Programming Languages Supported by GCC ............ 3 2 Language Standards Supported by GCC ............... 5 3 GCC Command Options ......................... -
Index a by EXTENSION Supported Graphics Formats by Extension
Index A BY EXTENSION Supported graphics formats by extension Image Converter Plus supports a large number of file types. In Windows operating system, file type is usually shown by 3- character extension after file name. File types supported by ImageConverter plus are listed below A: acr, ani, apm arw, B: bga, bmp, btf C: cal, cals, ch, clp, cr2, crw, ct, cur, cut D: dcm, dcr, dcx, dds, dib, dic, dicom, dng, dpx, dxf E: emf, eps, epi, exr F: fpx, fxd, fxm, fxr, fxs G: g3, g4, gg, gem gif, gsm H: hdr I: icb, icn, ica, ico, iff, img, img (Vicar) J: j2c, j2k, jb2, jbg, jbig, jfif, jng, jp2, jpc, jpe, jpeg, jpg, jpx K: k25, kdc, koa L: lbm M: mac, mda, mef, mix, mng, mos, mrw, msp, mtv N: nef O: orf, otb P: pam, pbm, pcc, pcd, pct, pcx, pdb, pdd, pdf, pef (Pentax RAW), pef (Samsung RAW), pfm, pgm, pic, pic (Biorad), pic (Psion), pic (Softimage), pict, pix, png, pnm, ppm, psg, psd, psp, pvr, pxn, pxr R: raf, ras, raw, raw (Panasonic), rgb, rgbe, rla, rle, rle (Compuserve) S: sct, sff, sgi, snp, srf, sr2, sun, sys T: tf8, tga, thm, tif, tif (Canon RAW), tif (Phase One RAW), tif (Samsung RAW), tiff, tpic V: vda, vga, vic, vicar, vst W: wb1, wbc, wbd, wbm, wbmp, wbz, wmf, wpg X: x11, xbm, xpm, xwd, xyze 1 of 3 fCoder Group, Inc. 901 N. Pitt Street, Suite 325 Alexandria, VA 22314 www.imageconverterplus.com Phone/Fax: +1 (888) 3893527 Index A BY NAME Supported graphics formats by name Image Converter Plus supports following graphics formats: Adobe Digital Negative dng MS Windows Cursor cur Adobe Encapsulated PostScript eps, epi, ps, ai MS Windows -
SGI® Opengl Multipipe™ User's Guide
SGI® OpenGL Multipipe™ User’s Guide 007-4318-008 Version 1.4.2 CONTRIBUTORS Written by Ken Jones and Jenn Byrnes Illustrated by Chrystie Danzer Edited by Susan Wilkening Production by Glen Traefald Engineering contributions by Bill Feth, Christophe Winkler, Claude Knaus, and Alpana Kaulgud COPYRIGHT © 2000–2002 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved; provided portions may be copyright in third parties, as indicated elsewhere herein. No permission is granted to copy, distribute, or create derivative works from the contents of this electronic documentation in any manner, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. LIMITED RIGHTS LEGEND The electronic (software) version of this document was developed at private expense; if acquired under an agreement with the USA government or any contractor thereto, it is acquired as "commercial computer software" subject to the provisions of its applicable license agreement, as specified in (a) 48 CFR 12.212 of the FAR; or, if acquired for Department of Defense units, (b) 48 CFR 227-7202 of the DoD FAR Supplement; or sections succeeding thereto. Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy 2E, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351. TRADEMARKS AND ATTRIBUTIONS Silicon Graphics, SGI, the SGI logo, InfiniteReality, IRIS, IRIX, Onyx, Onyx2, and OpenGL are registered trademarks and IRIS GL, OpenGL Performer, InfiniteReality2, Open Inventor, OpenGL Multipipe, Power Onyx, Reality Center, and SGI Reality Center are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. MIPS and R10000 are registered trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc. used under license by Silicon Graphics, Inc. Netscape is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. -
Oracle Solaris Studio 12.3 Debugging a Program With
Oracle® Solaris Studio 12.3: Debugging a ProgramWith dbx Part No: E21993 December 2011 Copyright © 1992, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS. Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms setforth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. -
Release Notes for Xfree86® 4.8.0 the Xfree86 Project, Inc December 2008
Release Notes for XFree86® 4.8.0 The XFree86 Project, Inc December 2008 Abstract This document contains information about the various features and their current sta- tus in the XFree86 4.8.0 release. 1. Introduction to the 4.x Release Series XFree86 4.0 was the first official release of the XFree86 4 series. The current release (4.8.0) is the latest in that series. The XFree86 4.x series represents a significant redesign of the XFree86 X server,with a strong focus on modularity and configurability. 2. Configuration: aQuickSynopsis Automatic configuration was introduced with XFree86 4.4.0 which makes it possible to start XFree86 without first creating a configuration file. This has been further improved in subsequent releases. If you experienced any problems with automatic configuration in a previous release, it is worth trying it again with this release. While the initial automatic configuration support was originally targeted just for Linux and the FreeBSD variants, as of 4.5.0 it also includes Solaris, NetBSD and OpenBSD support. Full support for automatic configuration is planned for other platforms in futurereleases. If you arerunning Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, or Solaris, try Auto Configuration by run- ning: XFree86 -autoconfig If you want to customise some things afterwards, you can cut and paste the automatically gener- ated configuration from the /var/log/XFree86.0.log file into an XF86Config file and make your customisations there. If you need to customise some parts of the configuration while leav- ing others to be automatically detected, you can combine a partial static configuration with the automatically detected one by running: XFree86 -appendauto If you areusing a platform that is not currently supported, then you must try one of the older methods for getting started like "xf86cfg", which is our graphical configuration tool. -
3Dfx Oral History Panel Gordon Campbell, Scott Sellers, Ross Q. Smith, and Gary M. Tarolli
3dfx Oral History Panel Gordon Campbell, Scott Sellers, Ross Q. Smith, and Gary M. Tarolli Interviewed by: Shayne Hodge Recorded: July 29, 2013 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X6887.2013 © 2013 Computer History Museum 3dfx Oral History Panel Shayne Hodge: OK. My name is Shayne Hodge. This is July 29, 2013 at the afternoon in the Computer History Museum. We have with us today the founders of 3dfx, a graphics company from the 1990s of considerable influence. From left to right on the camera-- I'll let you guys introduce yourselves. Gary Tarolli: I'm Gary Tarolli. Scott Sellers: I'm Scott Sellers. Ross Smith: Ross Smith. Gordon Campbell: And Gordon Campbell. Hodge: And so why don't each of you take about a minute or two and describe your lives roughly up to the point where you need to say 3dfx to continue describing them. Tarolli: All right. Where do you want us to start? Hodge: Birth. Tarolli: Birth. Oh, born in New York, grew up in rural New York. Had a pretty uneventful childhood, but excelled at math and science. So I went to school for math at RPI [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute] in Troy, New York. And there is where I met my first computer, a good old IBM mainframe that we were just talking about before [this taping], with punch cards. So I wrote my first computer program there and sort of fell in love with computer. So I became a computer scientist really. So I took all their computer science courses, went on to Caltech for VLSI engineering, which is where I met some people that influenced my career life afterwards. -
Debugging a Program with Dbx
Debugging a Program With dbx Sun™ Studio 11 Sun Microsystems, Inc. www.sun.com Part No 819-3683-10 November 2005, Revision A Submit comments about this document at: http://www.sun.com/hwdocs/feedback Copyright © 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. All rights reserved. U.S. Government Rights - Commercial software. Government users are subject to the Sun Microsystems, Inc. standard license agreement and applicable provisions of the FAR and its supplements. Use is subject to license terms. This distribution may include materials developed by third parties. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and in other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, and JavaHelp are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries.All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. This product is covered and controlled by U.S. Export Control laws and may be subject to the export or import laws in other countries. Nuclear, missile, chemical biological weapons or nuclear maritime end uses or end users, whether direct or indirect, are strictly prohibited. Export or reexport to countries subject to U.S. embargo or to entities identified on U.S. export exclusion lists, including, but not limited to, the denied persons and specially designated nationals lists is strictly prohibited. -
IRIS Performer™ Programmer's Guide
IRIS Performer™ Programmer’s Guide Document Number 007-1680-030 CONTRIBUTORS Edited by Steven Hiatt Illustrated by Dany Galgani Production by Derrald Vogt Engineering contributions by Sharon Clay, Brad Grantham, Don Hatch, Jim Helman, Michael Jones, Martin McDonald, John Rohlf, Allan Schaffer, Chris Tanner, and Jenny Zhao © Copyright 1995, Silicon Graphics, Inc.— All Rights Reserved This document contains proprietary and confidential information of Silicon Graphics, Inc. The contents of this document may not be disclosed to third parties, copied, or duplicated in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure of the technical data contained in this document by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and/ or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 2011 N. Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94039-7311. Indigo, IRIS, OpenGL, Silicon Graphics, and the Silicon Graphics logo are registered trademarks and Crimson, Elan Graphics, Geometry Pipeline, ImageVision Library, Indigo Elan, Indigo2, Indy, IRIS GL, IRIS Graphics Library, IRIS Indigo, IRIS InSight, IRIS Inventor, IRIS Performer, IRIX, Onyx, Personal IRIS, Power Series, RealityEngine, RealityEngine2, and Showcase are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk, Inc. X Window System is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. -
SGI™ Origin™ 200 Scalable Multiprocessing Server Origin 200—In Partnership with You
Product Guide SGI™ Origin™ 200 Scalable Multiprocessing Server Origin 200—In Partnership with You Today’s business climate requires servers that manage, serve, and support an ever-increasing number of clients and applications in a rapidly changing environment. Whether you use your server to enhance your presence on the Web, support a local workgroup or department, complete dedicated computation or analy- sis, or act as a core piece of your information management infrastructure, the Origin 200 server from SGI was designed to meet your needs and exceed your expectations. With pricing that starts on par with PC servers and performance that outstrips its competition, Origin 200 makes perfect business sense. •The choice among several Origin 200 models allows a perfect match of power, speed, and performance for your applications •The Origin 200 server has high-performance processors, buses, and scalable I/O to keep up with your most complex application demands •The Origin 200 server was designed with embedded reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS) so you can confidently trust your business to it •The Origin 200 server is easily expandable and upgradable—keeping pace with your demanding and changing business requirements •The Origin 200 server is a cost-effective business solution, both now and in the future Origin 200 is a sound server investment for your most important applications and is the gateway to the scalable Origin™ and SGI™ server product families. SGI offers an evolving portfolio of complete, pre-packaged solutions to enhance your productivity and success in areas such as Internet applications, media distribution, multiprotocol file serving, multitiered database management, and performance- intensive scientific or technical computing. -
SGI® Opengl Multipipe™ User's Guide
SGI® OpenGL Multipipe™ User’s Guide Version 2.3 007-4318-012 CONTRIBUTORS Written by Ken Jones and Jenn Byrnes Illustrated by Chrystie Danzer Production by Karen Jacobson Engineering contributions by Craig Dunwoody, Bill Feth, Alpana Kaulgud, Claude Knaus, Ravid Na’ali, Jeffrey Ungar, Christophe Winkler, Guy Zadicario, and Hansong Zhang COPYRIGHT © 2000–2003 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved; provided portions may be copyright in third parties, as indicated elsewhere herein. No permission is granted to copy, distribute, or create derivative works from the contents of this electronic documentation in any manner, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. LIMITED RIGHTS LEGEND The electronic (software) version of this document was developed at private expense; if acquired under an agreement with the USA government or any contractor thereto, it is acquired as "commercial computer software" subject to the provisions of its applicable license agreement, as specified in (a) 48 CFR 12.212 of the FAR; or, if acquired for Department of Defense units, (b) 48 CFR 227-7202 of the DoD FAR Supplement; or sections succeeding thereto. Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy 2E, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351. TRADEMARKS AND ATTRIBUTIONS Silicon Graphics, SGI, the SGI logo, InfiniteReality, IRIS, IRIX, Onyx, Onyx2, OpenGL, and Reality Center are registered trademarks and GL, InfinitePerformance, InfiniteReality2, IRIS GL, Octane2, Onyx4, Open Inventor, the OpenGL logo, OpenGL Multipipe, OpenGL Performer, Power Onyx, Tezro, and UltimateVision are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc., in the United States and/or other countries worldwide. MIPS and R10000 are registered trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc. -
A Short User Manual for Dbx
A Short User Manual for dbx \dbx" is the name of the debugger that is available for use on many Unix systems. This document is intended to list the most common dbx commands and briefly explain how to use them. It is not a complete description of dbx but should be a sufficient reference to get started. For a more detailed description or to find out about other commands and options, execute the command % man dbx or from within dbx use the 'help' command (recommended). Subjects covered below: let (dbx) be the prompt while in dbx mode: a) Compiling your code for use with the debugger [ cc with -g flag] b) Starting the debugger [ \%dbx executable ] c) Getting help while using the debugger [ (dbx) help ] d) Running your program in the debugger [ (dbx) run ] e) Setting breakpoints in the program [ (dbx) stop ] f) Listing the breakpoints that are set [ (dbx) status ] g) Removing a breakpoint [ (dbx) delete ] h) Stepping through the program [ (dbx) step, (dbx) next ] i) Jumping ahead to the next breakpoint [ (dbx) cont ] j) Examining the values of variables [ (dbx) print ] k) Listing a portion of the source code [ (dbx) list ] l) Leaving the debugger [ (dbx) quit ] To use dbx to debug your C programs you need to follows the procedure: 1. Compiling your code for use with the debugger: You must use the -g flag when compiling your code. For example: % cc -g myfile.c will create an a.out executable suitable for dbx. 2. Starting the debugger: Give the 'dbx' command along with the name of the exe- cutable you wish to examine.