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Cities and Towns Issue 63 February 2020 Cities and towns plus articles on: • Venezuelan displacement and the Cartagena definition • detention advocacy strategies Forced Migration Review (FMR) provides a forum for the regular exchange of practical experience, information and ideas between researchers, refugees From the editors and internally displaced people, ities and towns are on the frontline of receiving and welcoming people and those who work with them. Cwho have been displaced. In the 20 articles on Cities and towns in this It is published in English, Arabic, issue of FMR, policymakers, practitioners, researchers, representatives of Spanish and French by the cities and international city-focused alliances, and displaced people Refugee Studies Centre of the themselves debate the challenges facing both the urban authorities and Oxford Department of International their partners, and those who have sought refuge. Development, University of Oxford. A number of authors explore new ways of working in urban settings – Staff including area-based approaches, multi-stakeholder partnerships, and city- Marion Couldrey & to-city collaboration – while others offer insights and inspiration from local Jenny Peebles (Editors) responses and the perspectives of displaced and host communities. Other Maureen Schoenfeld (Finance authors examine how camp management practices can be applied in urban and Promotion Assistant) settings, how resilience can be bolstered by improved communication and Sharon Ellis (Assistant) information sharing, and how municipal capacity and community dialogue Forced Migration Review can be strengthened to improve protection in high-risk neighbourhoods. The Refugee Studies Centre issue also draws out practical lessons for promoting inclusive climate action, Oxford Department of International negotiating contested authority, and encouraging urban planning that takes Development, University of Oxford, account of both displaced and host community needs. 3 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK We would like to thank Jeff Crisp (University of Oxford), Charles Simpson (Tufts University), Marcia Vera Espinoza (Queen Mary University of London) [email protected] and Richard Williams (independent consultant/MigrationWork) for their Skype: fmreview assistance as advisors to the feature theme. We would also like to thank Tel: +44 (0)1865 281700 Cities of Refuge NWO VICI research project, Happold Foundation, the Swiss www.fmreview.org Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and Tufts University Refugees in Towns Disclaimer: Opinions in FMR do not project for their generous funding support for this particular issue of FMR. necessarily reflect the views of the Editors, the Refugee Studies Centre FMR 63 formats online at www.fmreview.org/cities or the University of Oxford. • Full magazine Copyright: FMR is an Open Access • Editors’ briefing (headline analysis of the content) publication. For details visit • Digest (expanded contents list with QR codes/web links) www.fmreview.org/copyright. For printed copies, please email us at [email protected]. Forthcoming feature themes in 2020 (see www.fmreview.org/forthcoming): • June: Trafficking and smuggling / Climate crisis and local communities ISSN 1460-9819 (double feature) Designed by: • October: Recognising refugees (submission deadline 15th June) Art24 www.art24.co.uk Printed by: With best wishes Oxuniprint Marion Couldrey and Jenny Peebles www.oxuniprint.co.uk Editors, Forced Migration Review Thank you to all FMR’s current and recent donors Act Church of Sweden • ADRA International • Catholic Relief • Martin James Foundation • Oxfam • Refugees Services - USCCB • Cities of Refuge NWO VICI research project International • Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung • Southern New • Danish Refugee Council • Dubai Cares • Government of Hampshire University • Swiss Federal Department of Foreign the Principality of Liechtenstein • Happold Foundation • Affairs • Tufts University Refugees in Towns project • International Rescue Committee • IOM • Jesuit Refugee UK Research and Innovation/Global Challenges Research Service • Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs Fund • UNHCR • Women’s Refugee Commission Warm thanks also to our readers for their support. All donations help. If you read and value FMR, please make a gift at www.fmreview.org/online-giving. Help keep this resource going! Forced Migration Review issue 63 • www.fmreview.org/cities Cities and towns 43 Invisibility and virality in urban shelter response Jennifer Ward George and David Hodgkin 4 Foreword: Time for cities to take centre stage on forced migration 47 Improving information and communication Marvin Rees to boost inclusion and self-reliance for urban refugees 6 Urban internal displacement: data and evidence Laura Buffoni and Gail Hopkins Vicente Anzellini and Clémence Leduc 50 Pakistan’s urban refugees: steps towards self- 8 Urban response: three principles for good practice reliance David Sanderson Muhammad Abbas Khan 11 Urban planning for refugee housing: responding 52 Contested public authority in marginal urban to urgent needs areas: challenges for humanitarians Jessica Sadye Wolff Dolf J H te Lintelo, Hart Ford, Tim Liptrot, Wissam 14 Active citizenship in Athens Mansour and Aline Rahbany Kareem Alkabbani, Wael Habbal and Tom Western 55 Places of refuge and risk: lessons from San Pedro 16 Area-based approaches: an alternative in contexts Sula of urban displacement Yolanda Zapata James Schell, Mohamed Hilmi and Seki Hirano 58 A call to action: mobilising local resources in 19 Multi-stakeholder approach to urban Ethiopia for urban IDPs displacement in Somalia Evan Easton-Calabria, Delina Abadi and Gezahegn Mohamed Taruri, Laura Bennison, Shezane Kirubi and Gebremedhin Aude Galli General articles 23 Urban planning in times of displacement: secondary cities in Ukraine and Niger 61 Effective civil society engagement with Jeremy Wetterwald and Louise Thaller governments on issues around detention Grant Mitchell 26 Applying camp management methods to urban displacement in Afghanistan 64 The spirit of Cartagena? Applying the extended Anna Hirsch-Holland refugee definition to Venezuelans in Latin America 30 A citywide approach in urban Bangladesh Cécile Blouin, Isabel Berganza and Luisa Feline Freier Bipasha Dutta 67 News from the Refugee Studies Centre 32 Transformative climate action in cities François Gemenne, Caroline Zickgraf, Anneliese Depoux, Laetitia Pettinotti, Agathe Cavicchioli and Front cover Sarah Rosengaertner image: 36 Women refugees, leisure space and the city A view over Sarah Linn Kabul, Afghanistan. 38 The path of least resistance? EU cities and locally organised resettlement UNHCR/Jim Tihomir Sabchev and Moritz Baumgärtel Huylebroek 41 Cities as partners: the case of Kampala Samer Saliba and Innocent Silver Whose voices are heard through FMR? We strive to include a wide variety of voices in FMR to help ensure that policymaking and programming reflect the experiences and insights of displaced people. We also encourage practitioners to write about what they have learned in their work, so that others can learn from them. These voices must be heard in order to influence the global agendas that affect the lives of displaced people. Perhaps you could: • Think about what you have learned or experienced that would be of most use to other FMR readers. • Consider co-authoring… ‘buddying’ with other local actors and/or practitioners can broaden your reach and build writing confidence. • Look at our guidance for authors at www.fmreview.org/writing-fmr and send us suggestions for articles – we’ll provide feedback and advice. FMR has a huge and diverse readership. If you write, they will read. 4 Cities and towns FMR 63 www.fmreview.org/cities February 2020 Foreword: Time for cities to take centre stage on forced migration Marvin Rees As Mayor of Bristol (a City of Sanctuary in the UK), I am glad to see this issue of FMR exploring the pivotal role of cities and towns in welcoming and protecting displaced people. The turn of a decade is always a good outlook is shaped by the reality of our global opportunity to take a step back and assess population. Bristolians – new and old – have some of the deeper trends driving our family members in cities across the world, ever-shortening news cycles. As we look and that gives us a stake in the situations back over the last ten years, surely one of facing those cities and their nations. the most noticeable features is the growing We know that we are far from the only city inability of national governments to deal seeking to take this approach. From Amman with the most pressing issues of our time. to Kampala and São Paulo to Jakarta, cities From climate change to the regulation of and city leaders are finding new ways to make social media and new technologies, solutions the inclusion of refugees a reality. Their efforts at the national level seem less likely than deserve praise but also close examination, ever to meet the challenges we are facing. so that we can learn from what works and Nowhere is this more obvious than on the seek ways to replicate good practice. issue of forced migration, where national But if progress in the next decade is governments are failing at every stage of the limited to city-level innovation and sharing, process – in dealing with the push factors that then I believe we will have missed a huge cause people to have to flee, in supporting opportunity. Alongside this work, we those people en route and in providing safe also need concerted efforts to increase the destinations that offer
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