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Media Literacy Policy in Pakistan

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Media Literacy Policy in Pakistan Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Communication Sciences MEDIA LITERACY POLICY IN PAKISTAN Sana ZAINAB Master Thesis Ankara, 2019 MEDIA LITERACY POLICY IN PAKISTAN Sana ZAINAB Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Communication Sciences Master Thesis Ankara, 2019 YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI Enstitü tarafından onaylanan lisansüstü tezimin tamamını veya herhangi bir kısmını, basılı (kağıt) ve elektronik formatta arşivleme ve aşağıda verilen koşullarla kullanıma açma iznini Hacettepe Üniversitesine verdiğimi bildiririm. Bu izinle Üniversiteye verilen kullanım hakları dışındaki tüm fikri mülkiyet haklarım bende kalacak, tezimin tamamının ya da bir bölümünün gelecekteki çalışmalarda (makale, kitap, lisans ve patent vb.) kullanım hakları bana ait olacaktır. Tezin kendi orijinal çalışmam olduğunu, başkalarının haklarını ihlal etmediğimi ve tezimin tek yetkili sahibi olduğumu beyan ve taahhüt ederim. Tezimde yer alan telif hakkı bulunan ve sahiplerinden yazılı izin alınarak kullanılması zorunlu metinleri yazılı izin alınarak kullandığımı ve istenildiğinde suretlerini Üniversiteye teslim etmeyi taahhüt ederim. Yükseköğretim Kurulu tarafından yayınlanan “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” kapsamında tezim aşağıda belirtilen koşullar haricince YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi / H.Ü. Kütüphaneleri Açık Erişim Sisteminde erişime açılır. o Enstitü / Fakülte yönetim kurulu kararı ile tezimin erişime açılması mezuniyet tarihimden itibaren 2 yıl ertelenmiştir. (1) o Enstitü / Fakülte yönetim kurulunun gerekçeli kararı ile tezimin erişime açılması mezuniyet tarihimden itibaren ….. ay ertelenmiştir. (2) (3) o Tezimle ilgili gizlilik kararı verilmiştir. 21/02/2019 Sana ZAINAB 1 “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” (1) Madde 6. 1. Lisansüstü tezle ilgili patent başvurusu yapılması veya patent alma sürecinin devam etmesi durumunda, tez danışmanının önerisi ve enstitü anabilim dalının uygun görüşü üzerine enstitü veya fakülte yönetim kurulu iki yıl süre ile tezin erişime açılmasının ertelenmesine karar verebilir. (2) Madde 6. 2. Yeni teknik, materyal ve metotların kullanıldığı, henüz makaleye dönüşmemiş veya patent gibi yöntemlerle korunmamış ve internetten paylaşılması durumunda 3. şahıslara veya kurumlara haksız kazanç imkanı oluşturabilecek bilgi ve bulguları içeren tezler hakkında tez danışmanının önerisi ve enstitü anabilim dalının uygun görüşü üzerine enstitü veya fakülte yönetim kurulunun gerekçeli kararı ile altı ayı aşmamak üzere tezin erişime açılması engellenebilir. (3) Madde 7. 1. Ulusal çıkarları veya güvenliği ilgilendiren, emniyet, istihbarat, savunma ve güvenlik, sağlık vb. konulara ilişkin lisansüstü tezlerle ilgili gizlilik kararı, tezin yapıldığı kurum tarafından verilir *. Kurum ve kuruluşlarla yapılan işbirliği protokolü çerçevesinde hazırlanan lisansüstü tezlere ilişkin gizlilik kararı ise, ilgili kurum ve kuruluşun önerisi ile enstitü veya fakültenin uygun görüşü üzerine üniversite yönetim kurulu tarafından verilir. Gizlilik kararı verilen tezler Yükseköğretim Kuruluna bildirilir. Madde 7.2. Gizlilik kararı verilen tezler gizlilik süresince enstitü veya fakülte tarafından gizlilik kuralları çerçevesinde muhafaza edilir, gizlilik kararının kaldırılması halinde Tez Otomasyon Sistemine yüklenir. * Tez danışmanının önerisi ve enstitü anabilim dalının uygun görüşü üzerine enstitü veya fakülte yönetim kurulu tarafından karar verilir. ETİK BEYAN Bu çalışmadaki bütün bilgi ve belgeleri akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde ettiğimi, görsel, işitsel ve yazılı tüm bilgi ve sonuçları bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uygun olarak sunduğumu, kullandığım verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapmadığımı, yararlandığım kaynaklara bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunduğumu, tezimin kaynak gösterilen durumlar dışında özgün olduğunu, Tez Danışmanının Ünvanı, Prof. Dr. Mutlu BİNARK danışmanlığında tarafımdan üretildiğini ve Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tez Yazım Yönergesine göre yazıldığını beyan ederim. Sana ZAINAB DEDICATION For Ali Hussain And All the Children of Pakistan ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I am grateful to Almighty Allah for blessing me more than I could ever imagine. After that, I acknowledge the profound guidance of my supervisor Prof. Dr.Mutlu Binark for her counselling and timely feedback. As she is one of the most amazing teachers who can go out of the way to facilitate and encourage their students. My gratitude also goes to my parents Mr and Mrs. Syed Ali Raza who believed in me and gave me confidence to make choices for myself and to work on my dreams. It is such an honour to be part of Communication Sciences, Hacettepe University that taught me much more than course work. I got a chance to meet many amazing professors no matter if I took courses with them or not. It’s very interesting that I learnt something from everyone out there. Specially, three professors of mine, Dr. Mutlu Binark, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gülsüm Depeli and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serhat Kaymas have been an inspiration to me and would always remain the same. Apart from that, I am highly obliged to my sisters Saba and Kinza for their unconditional support. I am grateful to Ms. Şule Karataş Özaydın and my friend Selin Çetindağ for their full assistance during my research as well as I appreciate the valuable feedback of respected jury members. Last but not the least, I am thankful to Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (YTB) for their ultimate support for my Masters. In short, my Masters journey wouldn’t be so smooth without my kind teachers, loving family and amazing friends. I cannot name everyone here. But I am truly indebted to the all these precious people in my life who are building blocks of my motivation, happiness and success. Thanks to all of you. Ankara Jan, 2019 Sana ZAINAB vi ABSTRACT ZAINAB, Sana. Media Literacy Policy in Pakistan, Masters Thesis, Ankara, 2019. Media literacy is a multidisciplinary narrative which has been defined differently by different scholars and researchers. Over the time, it has been explicated in many ways and incorporated distinct techniques. Media literacy is not something bizarre rather its multifarious and diversified in nature. Since the early 19th century, the debate of media literacy started in different parts of the wold and the prime focus was print literacy and film literacy. In contemporary era, new ICTs have transformed the whole landscape of media and communication around the globe. The access to internet is much easier than ever before. McLuhan’s global village is well connected and taking both social and professional life to cyber space. Advancement in communication technology is changing learning patterns too. Intentionally and unintentionally, we are exposed to excessive information online. On one hand, cyber crimes, cyber bullying, online gambling, internet pornography and violent video games are effecting the internet users. On the other hand, media manipulation, fake news, propaganda, privacy, online harassment, security and data mining are some other challenges of this domain. Traditional pedagogy is lacking in creating critical thinking and democratization of education system to meet the goals of today’s media mediated world. That leads to the need of media literacy. Critical media literacy can help to bring educational and social reforms. This study focus on media literacy policy for Pakistan. A media literacy policy for Pakistan could stimulate other South Asian and developing countries to take a step. As far as Pakistan is concern, media is not just watch dog rather act as a third party in almost all affairs. The constitution of Pakistan gives right to information, right to education and freedom of expression but practically, how far it’s true is also discussed. Pakistani media and education system both are reviewed. For data collection, in-depth interview method has been used. For that educationists, media practitioners and media teachers were contacted. It emphasizes that critical media literacy can enable both adults and kids to decode media messages rightly, no matter if it’s conventional or new media. This study identifies the need of media literacy policy in Pakistan as well as purposes the basic framework for such a policy. Key Words Media literacy, New Media, Media education, media, literacy, education, curriculum, school vii ÖZET ZAİNAB, Sana. Pakistan’da Medya Okuryazarlığı Politikası, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2019. Medya okuryazarlığı, farklı bilim insanları ve araştırmacılar tarafından farklı şekillerde tanımlanan, birçok yönden açıklanan ve farklı teknikler içeren çok disiplinli bir anlatıdır.19. yüzyılın başlarından beri, medya okuryazarlığı tartışması dünyanın farklı yerlerinde başlamış ve ana odak noktası okuma yazma bilme ve film okuryazarlığı olmuştur. Modern zamanda yeni Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BIT) dünyadaki tüm medya ve iletişim alanlarını değiştirmiştir. İnternete erişim artık geçmişte hiç olmadığı kadar kolaydır. McLuhan’ın ‘küresel köy’ kavramının bağlantıları gelişmiş ve hem sosyal hem de mesleki yaşamı siber uzama taşımıştır. İletişim teknolojisindeki gelişme, öğrenme modellerini de değiştirmektedir. Kasıtlı ve kasıtsız olarak, çevrimiçi ortamda aşırı bilgi erişimine maruz kalmaktayız. Bir yandan, siber suçlar, siber zorbalık, çevrimiçi kumar oynama, internet pornografisi ve şiddet içeren video oyunları internet kullanıcılarını
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