OCTOBER2012

 

   



WOODSIDEENERGYLTD JAMESPRICEPOINT:LIGHTINDUSTRIALAREA,WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATIONCAMPANDSOUTHERNPIPELINE SHORTRANGEENDEMICINVERTEBRATEFAUNAASSESSMENT



 

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WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD JAMES PRICE POINT: LIGHT INDUSTRIAL AREA, WORKERS’ ACCOMMODATION CAMP AND SOUTHERN PIPELINE SHORT RANGE ENDEMIC INVERTEBRATE FAUNA ASSESSMENT REV D OCTOBER 2012

Woodside Energy Ltd James Price Point: Light Industrial Area, Workers’ Accommodation and Southern Pipeline Short Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna Assessment

ecologia Environment (2012). Reproduction of this report in whole or in part by electronic, mechanical or chemical means including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, in any language, is strictly prohibited without the express approval of Woodside Energy Ltd and/or ecologia Environment.

Restrictions on Use

This report has been prepared specifically for Woodside Energy Ltd. Neither the report nor its contents may be referred to or quoted in any statement, study, report, application, prospectus, loan, or other agreement document (with the exception of when this document is required to be publicly released as part of a statutory approval process), without the express approval of Woodside Energy Ltd and/or ecologia Environment. ecologia Environment 1025 Wellington Street WEST PERTH WA 6005 Phone: 08 9322 1944 Fax: 08 9322 1599 Email: [email protected]

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  WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  TABLEOFCONTENTS

EXECUTIVESUMMARY...... VII

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 PROJECTOVERVIEW...... 1

1.2 SHORTRANGEENDEMICFAUNA:AREVIEW ...... 1

1.3 LEGISLATIVEFRAMEWORK ...... 2

1.4 SURVEYOBJECTIVES...... 3

2 BIOPHYSICALENVIRONMENT...... 7

2.1 CLIMATE ...... 7

2.2 VEGETATION ...... 9

2.3 LANDSYSTEMS...... 14

2.4 BIOGEOGRAPHY ...... 16

3 METHODS...... 19

3.1 DETERMINATIONOFSURVEYDESIGNANDINTENSITY...... 19

3.2 LITERATUREREVIEWANDDATABASESEARCHES ...... 19

3.3 SURVEYTIMING ...... 20

3.4 SITESELECTION ...... 20

3.5 SAMPLINGMETHODS...... 24

3.6 SRESTATUS ...... 26

3.7 CONSERVATIONSIGNIFICANTFAUNA ...... 26

3.8 SURVEYEFFORT...... 27

3.9 DATAANALYSIS ...... 28

3.10 SURVEYTEAM ...... 29

4 RESULTS...... 31

4.1 LITERATUREREVIEW ...... 31

4.2 SURVEYRESULTS...... 33

4.3 HABITATASSESSMENTANALYSIS...... 47

4.4 SREFAUNAHABITATS ...... 48

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   WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  4.5 SURVEYADEQUACY...... 50

4.6 SURVEYLIMITATIONS...... 51

5 DISCUSSION...... 53

6 CONCLUSIONS ...... 55

7 REFERENCES...... 57 TABLES Table2.1ͲRainfallPrecedingtheSurvey(BroomeAirportRecords)(BoM2011)...... 8

Table2.2–VegetationAssociationsintheSurveyAreas...... 9

Table2.3–VegetationCommunitiesinthevicinityoftheProjectArea(Biota,2010)...... 13

Table2.4–LandSystemsintheSurveyAreas...... 14

Table3.1–FactorsInfluencingSurveyDesign...... 19

Table3.2ͲFaunaDatabasesSearchedtoDeterminethePotentialInvertebrateFaunaAssemblagesof theProjectArea...... 20

Table3.3ͲPreviousBiologicalSurveyReportswithin150kmoftheProjectArea...... 20

Table3.4–DurationandPersonDaysforeachSurvey ...... 20

Table3.5–LocationofEcologiaSRESurveySites...... 21

Table3.6–ExperienceandQualificationsofTaxonomicExpertsandFieldStaffInvolvedDuringthe Survey ...... 26

Table3.7ͲSurveyEffort ...... 27

Table3.8ͲSurveyPersonnel ...... 29

Table4.1–SummaryofInvertebrateFaunaSpecimensCollectedDuringEcologiaSurvey2011...... 35

Table4.2–SummaryofSpecimensCollectedDuringPreviousSurveyBiota2011...... 36

Table4.3–SummaryofPotentialSRESpeciesCollectedduringtheSurvey ...... 46

Table4.4–AmountOfFaunaHabitatInSurveyAreas...... 49

Table 4.5 – Mean estimates of total species richness of the SRE assemblage at James Price Point basedon50randomisations...... 51

Table4.6–LimitationsfortheSRESurveyatJamesPricePoint...... 52

FIGURES

Figure1.1–LocationoftheSurveyArea ...... 5

Figure2.1–ClimaticSummaryDataatBroomeAirportfrom1939Ͳ2011(BoM2011)...... 7

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   WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Figure2.2ͲRainfallDuringtheSixMonthsPriortothe31stMay2011,(BoM2011)...... 8

Figure2.3–VegetationAssociationsoftheSurveyAreas...... 11

Figure2.4–VegetationUnitsMappedByBiota(2010)...... 12

Figure2.5–LandSystemsoftheSurveyAreas...... 15

Figure2.6–BiogeographicRegionsoftheProjectArea...... 17

Figure3.1–LocationofSRESurveySites...... 22

Figure3.2–PreviousSRESurveySites(Biota2011) ...... 23

Figure3.3–DryPitfallTrapatInvertebrateSite03...... 24

Figure3.4–ExampleofWinklerSacsinUse(courtesyofJ.Majer)...... 25

Figure4.1–AbundanceHistogramofpotentialSREGroups(Ecologia2011data)...... 34

Figure4.2–AbundanceHistogramofPotentialSREGroupsCollectedDuringBiotaSurvey(2011).....34

Figure4.3–LocationsofSRESpecies...... 37

Figure4.4–Biota2011SRESpeciesLocations...... 38

Figure4.5–MaleSpecimenofAname‘MYG231’ͲPotentialSRESpecies...... 39

Figure4.6–MaleSpecimenofAname‘MYG232’ͲPotentialSRESpecies...... 40

Figure4.7ͲMaleSpecimenofLychas‘JPP’ͲPotentialSRESpecies ...... 41

Figure4.8ͲFemaleSpecimenofLychas‘multipunctatus’ ...... 41

Figure4.9ͲMaleSpecimenofAustrohorussp...... 42

Figure4.10–JuvenileSpecimenofBeierolpiumsp...... 43

Figure4.11ͲMaleSpecimenofBeierolpium‘sp.8/4’...... 43

Figure4.12–DeadͲtakenSpecimenofRhagadabulgana ...... 44

Figure4.13ͲSpecimenofQuistrachialeptogramma...... 45

Figure4.14ͲDorsalandVentralViewsofSpecimenofDampetrussp...... 45

Figure4.15ͲOrdinationDiagramofaMultivariateOneͲWayANOSIMtest,stresslevel=0.09(ps– PindanShrubland,of–OpenForest,evt&dvt–evergreenanddeciduousMonsoonVine Thicket) ...... 48

Figure4.16–SACoftheSREFaunaData ...... 51

APPENDICES

AppendixA ExplanationofConservationCodes...... 61

AppendixB DailyWeatherDataDuringSurveys...... 63

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   WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  AppendixC SiteDescriptions ...... 65

AppendixDRecordofspeciesfromWAMdatabasesearchandprevioussurveys ...... 69



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   WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

ACRONYMS

ACE AbundanceͲbasedCoverageEstimator

ANOVA AnalysisofVariance

ANOSIM AnalysisofSimilarities

BoM BureauofMeteorology

DEC DepartmentofEnvironmentandConservation

EIA EnvironmentalImpactAssessment

EPA EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority

EPBCAct EnvironmentProtectionandBiodiversityConservationAct1999

JPP JamesPricePoint

LIA LightIndustrialArea

LNG LiquefiedNaturalGas

NEAT NorthͲEastAccessTrack

SAC SpeciesAccumulationCurve

SP SouthernPipeline

SRE ShortRangeEndemic

WAM WesternAustralianMuseum

WCAct WildlifeConservationAct1950







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   WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

WoodsideEnergyLtd(Woodside),asoperatoroftheproposedBrowseLNGDevelopment,plansto commercialisetheBrowseJointVenture’sthreegasandcondensatefields,Brecknock,Callianceand Torosa,located425kmnorthofBroomeofftheKimberleycoast.GasandLiquidsfromthesefields will be extracted using offshore facilities then brought to an onshore Liquefied Natural gas (LNG) plant for processing at the Western Australian Government’s planned Browse LNG Precinct, near James Price Point, about 60 km north of Broome.The Department of State Development,asthe precinctproponent,isconductingastrategicassessmentofthearea.AdraftStrategicAssessment Report(SAR)hasbeenreleasedfortheBLNGPrecinct,whichincludestherequirementforaLight IndustrialArea(LIA),Workers’AccommodationCamp(WAC)andSouthernPipeline(SP)(Department ofStateDevelopment2010). ecologia Environment (ecologia) was commissioned by Woodside via Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM)/ConsolidatedEnvironmentalServices(CES)PartnershiptoundertakebaselinestudiesforShort RangeEndemic(SRE)invertebratefaunawithintheBLNGdevelopmentarea(approximately42km2), comprisingthefollowingsurveyareas:

• LightIndustrialArea(LIA);

• Workers’AccommodationCamp(WAC);and

• SouthernPipeline(SP). TheSREinvertebratefaunasurveywascompletedduring12Ͳ19April2011and27April–5May2011. SurveysitelocationswereselectedinhabitatslikelytosupportSREinvertebrates,inparticularmicro habitats likely to maintain higher moisture levels such as underside of rocks and decaying logs, clumps of thick understorey vegetation, deep leaf litter beds around base of trees and lowͲlying drainagelinesweretargeted.Arangeofcollectingtechniqueswasused,includingdrypitfalltrapping, leaflittersamplingandopportunisticforaging.

Due to logistical contraints, no sampling could be conducted in the SP area: however, Biota have previouslysampledwithinthisarea(Biota2011).TheLIAareawassurveyedindirectlyviatrapping sitesinthesamehabitattypealongtheNorthͲEastAccessTrack.

Trapswereopenforacombinedtotalof875trapͲnights.Thirteenpersonhourswerespentforaging inthevicinityofallfivetrappingsitesandfurtherthirteenpersonhourswerespentcollectingand sievingleaflitterfromeachtrappingsite.Finally,threepersonhourswerespentopportunistically foraging within the WAC area. The collected specimens were processed by ecologia staff and submittedtotaxonomicexpertsforspecificidentificationandclassificationofSREstatus.

Speciesaccumulationcurveswereusedtoassesssurveyadequacyandhabitatassessmentwasused toassesspotentialassociationsbetweenSREspeciesandhabitattypes.

Themainconclusionsofthesurveywere:

x FifteenspeciesfromsevenpotentialSREgroupswerecollectedduringthesurvey.

x FivespecieswereclassifiedaspotentialSREs(AnameMYG231,AnameMYG232,Dampetrus sp., Lychas ‘JPP’ and Buddelundia sp. 1), four species were not SREs (Rhagada bulgana, Quistrachialeptogramma,Lychas‘multipunctatus’andScolopendralaeta)andsixspecies– allpseudoscorpionsandtheUrodacusscorpionͲcouldnothavetheirSREstatusdetermined byexpertsduetopoortaxonomicknowledgeand/orjuvenilestatus.

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   WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  x Alowoverlapofspeciesoccurredbetweenthissurveyandtheprevioussurveyconductedby Biota (2011)Ͳonly five species (Aname MYG 231, Euryolpium sp., Rhagada bulgana, Quistrachia leptogramma and possibly Urodacus sp.) were collected in both surveys. Only oneofthesespecieswasapotentialSRE(AnameMYG231).ThiscouldbepartlyduetoBiota surveyingthreehabitattypes(PindanShrubland,OpenForrestandMonsoonVineThicket) while ecologia surveyed only the two most common habitat types (Pindan Shrubland and Open Forrest) due to logistical constraints. Seasonality between the two years of 2010 (rainfall below average) and 2011 (rainfall above average), influencing activity of some groups,couldalsoexplainpartofthevariation.

x The species accumulation curve showed that whilst the majority of species had been collected,moreSREspecieswerelikelytooccurwithintheProjectareas(3Ͳ4extraspecies).

x Thehabitatassessmentrevealedthateachhabitattypesupportedsimilarspeciesdiversity.

x None of the habitats in which the potential SRE species were located are unique to the proposedimpactareasnorhaveanyuniquefeaturesthatarerestrictedtotheprojectarea. ThehabitatsͲincludingthespecificmicrohabitatssuchasundersideofrocksandlogs,clumps of thick understorey vegetation, deep leaf litter beds around base of trees and lowͲlying drainagelinesͲextendbeyondthelimitsofthemappedarea.Thus,theimpactfromthe BLNGdevelopmentonthepotentialSREspeciesintheareaisexpectedtobelow.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

1INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECTOVERVIEW

WoodsideEnergyLtd(Woodside),asoperatoroftheproposedBrowseLNGDevelopment,plansto commercialisetheBrowseJointVenture’sthreegasandcondensatefields,Brecknock,Callianceand Torosa,located425kmnorthofBroomeofftheKimberleycoast.GasandLiquidsfromthesefields will be extracted using offshore facilities then brought to an onshore Liquefied Natural gas (LNG) plant for processing at the Western Australian Government’s planned Browse LNG Precinct, near James Price Point, about 60 km north of Broome.The Department of State Development, as the precinctproponent,isconductingastrategicassessmentofthearea.AdraftStrategicAssessment Report(SAR)hasbeenreleasedfortheBLNGPrecinct,whichincludestherequirementforaLight IndustrialArea(LIA),Workers’AccommodationCamp(WAC)andSouthernPipeline(SP)(Department ofStateDevelopment2010). ecologia Environment (ecologia) were commissioned by Woodside via Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM)/ConsolidatedEnvironmentalServices(CES)PartnershiptoundertakebaselinestudiesforShort RangeEndemic(SRE)invertebratefaunawithintheBLNGdevelopmentarea(approximately42km2) (Figure1.1),comprisingthefollowingsurveyareas:

x LightIndustrialArea(LIA);

x Workers’AccommodationCamp(WAC);and

x SouthernPipeline(SP).

TheWACisrectangularinshapeandcoversanarea20.6km2alignedonaNEEͲSSWbearing.This areaislocatedapproximately1kmfromthecoast.TheLIAislocatednorthoftheWACandisalmost rectangularinshapewiththeSWcornertruncated.TheLIAis9.7km2inareaandapproximately1.5 kmfromthecoast.TheSPisalongitudinalpolygonthatrunsalong5kmofcoastlinebetweenJames PricePointandQuandongPointandencompassesanareaof11.5km2.

The survey area provided to ecologia and referred to as the Southern Pipeline (SP) in this study representsalargerareathanthecurrentlyapproveddisturbancefootprintfortheSouthernPipeline optionoftheBLNGDevelopment.Thisreportassessestheinvertebratefaunaofthislargerareaand furtherimpactevaluationwithinthereduceddisturbancefootprintwilloccuraspartoftherelevant environmentalreferraldocumentationtobedevelopedbyWoodside.

1.2 SHORTRANGEENDEMICFAUNA:AREVIEW

Thedeclineinbiodiversityofterrestrialcommunitieshasalreadybeenobservedbothnationallyand stateͲwide(CALM2004).Thereisalsoanincreasingshiftinenvironmentalprotectionfromspecies based conservation to biodiversity based conservation (Chessman 1995; Burbidge et al. 2000; McKenzie et al. 2000) andoneoftheimportantconsiderationsinvolvedinthisisthepresenceof endemicspecies.

Endemismreferstotherestrictionofspeciestoaparticulararea,whetheritisatthecontinental, nationalorlocallevel(Allenetal.2002).ThisreviewfocusesonSREs,outlinesthemajorpathsto short range endemism, the current knowledge of short range endemism in Australia and the conservationsignificanceofsuchspecies.Itisimportanttonotethattheindividualtaxaandbroader groupsdiscussedarenotanexhaustivelistofallSREs.ThisisduetothefactthatSREaredominated

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  by invertebrate species, which are historically understudied and in many cases lack formal descriptions.Anextensive,reliabletaxonomicevaluationofthesespecieshasbegunonlyrelatively recentlyandthustheavailabilityofliteraturerelevanttoSREsisrelativelyscarce.

1.2.1 ProcessesPromotingShortrangeEndemism

Short range endemism is influenced by numerous processes, which generally contribute to the isolation of a species. A number of factors, including the ability and opportunity to disperse, life history, physiology, habitat requirements, habitat availability, biotic and abiotic interactions, and historical conditions, influence not only the distribution of a taxon, but also the tendency for differentiationandspeciation(PonderandColgan2002).

Isolatedpopulationsofplantsandanimalstendtodifferentiatebothmorphologicallyandgenetically astheyareinfluencedbydifferentselectivepressuresovertime.Additionally,acombinationofnovel mutations and genetic drift promote the accumulation of genetic differences between isolated populations. Conversely, the maintenance of genetic similarity is promoted by a lack of isolation through migration between the populations, repeated mutation and balancing selection (Wright 1943).Thelevelofdifferentiationandspeciationbetweenpopulationsisdeterminedbytherelative magnitudeofthesefactors,withtheextentofmigrationgenerallybeingthestrongestdeterminant. Migrationishinderedbythepoordispersalabilityofthetaxonaswellasgeographicalbarriersto impede dispersal. In summary, those taxa that exhibit short range endemism are generally characterisedbypoordispersal,lowgrowthrates,lowfecundityandrelianceonhabitattypesthat arediscontinuous(Harvey2002).

Thehistoricalconnectionsbetweenhabitatsarealsoimportantindeterminingspeciesdistributions and often explain patterns that are otherwise inexplicable by current conditions. Many SREs are consideredtoberelictualtaxa(remnantsofspeciesthathavebecomeextinctelsewhere)andare confinedtocertainhabitats,andinsomecases,singlegeographicareas(Main1996).Relictualtaxa include extremely old species that can be traced back to the Gondwanan periods (180Ͳ65 million yearsago)andhaveaveryrestrictivebiology(Harvey2002).

InWesternAustralia,relictualtaxagenerallyoccurinfragmentedpopulations,fromlineagesreaching backtohistoricallywetterperiods.Forexample,duringtheMioceneperiod(from25millionto13 millionyearsago),thearidificationofAustraliaresultedinthecontractionofmanyareasofmoist habitatandthefragmentationofpopulationsoffaunaoccurringintheseareas(Hill1994).Withthe onsetofprogressivelydryerandmoreseasonalclimaticconditionssincethistime,suitablehabitats have become increasingly fragmented. Relictual species now generally persist in habitats characterisedbypermanentmoistureandshade,maintainedbyhighrainfalland/orprevalenceof fog.Thismaybeinducedbytopographyorcoastalproximity,orareasassociatedwithfreshwater courses (e.g. swamps or swampy headwaters of river systems), caves or microhabitats associated withsouthernslopesofhillsandranges,rockyoutcrops,deeplitterbedsorvariouscombinationsof these features (Main 1996; Main 1999). As a result, these habitats support only small, spatially isolated populations, which are further restricted by their low dispersal powers typical for all SRE species.

1.3 LEGISLATIVEFRAMEWORK

Federal and State legislation applicable to the conservation of native fauna include, but are not limitedto,theEnvironmentProtectionandBiodiversityConservationAct1999(EPBCAct),theWildlife ConservationAct1950(WCAct),andtheEnvironmentalProtectionAct1986(EPAct).Section4aof

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  theEnvironmentalProtectionAct1986requiresthatdevelopmentstakeintoaccountthefollowing principlesapplicabletonativefauna: x ThePrecautionaryPrinciple

Wheretherearethreatsofseriousorirreversibledamage,alackoffullscientificcertaintyshouldnot beusedasareasonforpostponingmeasurestopreventenvironmentaldegradation. x ThePrinciplesofIntergenerationalEquity

Thepresentgenerationshouldensurethatthehealth,diversityandproductivityoftheenvironment ismaintainedorenhancedforthebenefitoffuturegenerations. x ThePrincipleoftheConservationofBiologicalDiversityandEcologicalIntegrity

Conservationofbiologicaldiversityandecologicalintegrityshouldbeafundamentalconsideration.

ThisreportwasconstructedwithaviewtosatisfytherequirementsofEPAGuidanceStatementNo. 56:TerrestrialFaunaSurveysforEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentinWesternAustralia(EPA2004). InrelationtoSREfauna,theguidancestatementstatesthat:

“Comprehensive systematic reviews of different faunal groups oftenrevealthepresenceof ShortRangeEndemicspecies(Harvey2002).Amongtheterrestrialfaunatherearenumerous regions that possess Short Range Endemics. Mountainous terrains and freshwater habitats oftenharbourShortRangeEndemics,butthewidespreadaridificationandforestcontraction thathaveoccurredsincetheMiocenehasresultedinthefragmentationofpopulationsand the evolution of many new species. Particular attention should be given to these types of speciesinenvironmentalimpactassessmentbecausehabitatlossanddegradationwillfurther decreasetheirprospectsforlongͲtermsurvival.”

Harvey (2002) considered that although there were occasional SREs among the vertebrates and insects, there were much higher numbers among the molluscs, earthworms, some spider groups (especially the mygalomorphae), millipedes and some groups of crustaceans. SREs generally possessed similar ecological and life history characteristics, especially poor powers of dispersal, confinementtodiscontinuoushabitats,slowgrowth,andlowfecundity.

Some better known SRE species have been listed as threatened or endangered under State or CommonwealthlegislationintheWCActand/orEPBCAct,butthemajorityhavenot.Thelackof knowledge about these species often precludes their consideration for listing as threatened or endangered. Listing of species under legislation should therefore not be the sole consideration in environmentalimpactassessmentfordeterminingconservationorprotectionrequirements.

TheStateiscommittedtotheprinciplesandobjectivesfortheprotectionofbiodiversityasoutlined in The National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity (Commonwealth Government1996).TheEPAexpectsthatenvironmentalimpactassessmentwillconsiderimpactson conservationofSREs(EPA2004).

ThisreportalsosatisfiestherequirementsofthelaterreleasedGuidanceStatementNo.20:Sampling of Short Range Endemic Invertebrate Fauna for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia(EPA2009).

1.4 SURVEYOBJECTIVES

TheEPA’sobjectiveswithregardstofaunamanagementareto:

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  x maintain the abundance, species diversity and geographical distribution of terrestrial invertebratefauna;and

x protectSpeciallyProtected(Threatened)fauna,consistentwiththeprovisionsoftheWildlife ConservationAct1950(WCAct).

Hence,theprimaryobjectiveofthisstudywastoprovidesufficientinformationfortheEPAtoassess the impact of the Project on the invertebrate fauna of the area, thereby informing assessment againsttheseobjectives.

Specifically,theobjectivesweretoundertakeasurveythatsatisfiestherequirementsdocumentedin EPA’sGuidanceStatement20,thusproviding: x areviewofbackgroundinformation(includingliteratureanddatabasesearches); x aninventoryofpotentialSREinvertebratespeciesoccurringintheprojectarea,incorporating recentpublishedandunpublishedrecords; x aninventoryofspeciesofbiologicalandconservationsignificancerecordedorlikelytooccur withintheprojectareaandsurrounds; x a description of the characteristics of the SRE invertebrate fauna habitats occurring in the projectarea; x adescriptionofthecharacteristicsofSREassemblagesoccurringintheprojectarea; x anappraisalofthecurrentknowledgebaseforthearea,includingareviewofprevioussurveys conductedintheareathatarerelevanttothecurrentstudy;and x a review of regional and biogeographical significance, including the conservation status of speciesrecordedintheprojectarea.

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 400000 450000 500000 8150000 8100000

BROOME CAPE LEVEQUE ROAD

JPP 8050000

GREAT NORTHERN HIGHWAY

BROOME ROAD

BROOME !

Legend

8000000 North East Access Track Roads DAMPIER DOWNS ROAD Browse LNG Precinct K 0510 Workers' Accommodation Camp Light Industrial Area (LIA) Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:700,000 Southern Pipeline Corridor

Figure: 1.1 Drawn: RT Project ID: 1337 Date: 07/09/11 Location of the Coordinate System Unique Map ID: RT001 Survey Area Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

2 BIOPHYSICALENVIRONMENT

2.1 CLIMATE

TheprojectareaissituatedintheKimberleyregionofWAatthesouthͲwestedgeoftheDampier Peninsula.Theareahasadry,hot,tropicalclimatewithtwodistinctseasons:the‘wet’fromaround DecembertoMarch,andthe‘dry’fortherestoftheyear.Rainfallishighlyvariableintheregiondue totheinconsistentnatureofthemovementandoccurrenceofthunderstormsandtropicalsystems. TropicalcyclonescanoccuraslateasApril,butaremostcommoninJanuaryandFebruary.Rainfall duringthecoolermonthsisusuallyassociatedwithcloudbandsoriginatingfromtropicalwatersto the northͲwest (BoM 2011).The average temperature over summer is over 33 °C, with warm overnightminimaofaround26°C(BoM2011).Wintertemperaturesarequitemild,withaverage maximumandminimumtemperaturesinJulybeing26.9°Cand12.0°Crespectively(BoM2011).

The closest Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) weather station to the survey area is Broome Airport, located51.8kmsouthoftheprojectarea.Thisstationwasselectedasareferencetoprovidethe bestindicationofthelocalclimaticconditionsoftheprojectarea(Figure2.1).

ThemeanannualrainfallforBroomeis607mm,althoughthiscanbequitevariablewithover75%of the annual rainfall usually falling between January and March (BoM 2011).The mean number of rainfalldays(ш1mm)ayearisonly35.1.Generally,thewettestmonthisFebruary,withameanof 179.1mmfallingoveranaverageof9.1rainfalldays.Intermsoftemperature,thehottestmonthis AprilandthecoldestisJuly,withmeansof34.3°Cand28.8°Crespectively(Figure2.1).

200 40

180 35 160 30 140 25 120

100 20

Rainfall (mm) Rainfall 80 15 Temperature (°C) 60 10 40 5 Rainfall 20 Max. temperature 0 0 Min. temperature Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec  Figure2.1–ClimaticSummaryDataatBroomeAirportfrom1939Ͳ2011(BoM2011).



Table2.1showsthatrainfallatBroomeAirportinthe2009wetseason(December2008–March 2009)wasclosetoaverage.The2010wetseasonwasextremelylow,althoughtheannualrainfall wassomewhatmadeupbyalargerainfalleventinJuly.Incontrast,the2011wetseasonhadmuch higherrainfallthanaverageduetothethreetropicalcycloneswhichoccurredintheKimberleyregion overthisperiod.Figure2.2showstheeffectthesecycloneshadonrainfallinWesternAustraliain

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  thesixmonthspriortothesurveys,withtheKimberleyregionreceiving150Ͳ300%oftheirtypical rainfall.

Table2.1ͲRainfallPrecedingtheSurvey(BroomeAirportRecords)(BoM2011)

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual TotalMonthlyRainfall(mm) 2009 180.6 203.4 76.8 0 5.6 6.2 1 0.6 0 0.6 46.2 179.4 700.4 2010 140 6.4 31 71.6 26.4 0 110.8 1.8 4.4 7.8 57.8 85.8 543.8 2011 449.2 275 87.2 18.6 0.4        MeanMonthlyRainfall(mm) 1939Ͳ2011 178.5 179.1 100.8 26.7 26.4 18 7.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 9.1 56.8 607 

 Figure2.2ͲRainfallDuringtheSixMonthsPriortothe31stMay2011,(BoM2011).



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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Theinvertebratefaunaassessmentcomprisedtwosurveyperiods,AprilandMay2011,theweather forwhichisprovidedinAppendixB.ThefirstsurveyinApril2011consistedofhotdaysexceeding 30°C,withovernightminimatypicallyinthelow20s,butcooling(reachingaslowas15.4°C)towards theendofthesurvey.Theaveragemaximumtemperatureswereslightlyloweronthesecondsurvey than on the first, with high 20s and low 30s recorded.However, the minimum temperatures remainedabove20°C,evenatnight.

2.2 VEGETATION

The Dampier Peninsula in which the survey areas are located lies within the Northern Botanical Province. The vegetation of Western Australia was originally mapped at the 1:1,000,000 scale by Beard (1979),andwassubsequentlyreinterpretedandupdatedtoreflecttheNationalVegetation InformationSystem(NVIS)standards(Shepherdetal.2002).Twoofthevegetationtypesidentified byShepherdetal.(2002)arefoundwithinthesurveyareas:VegetationAssociations129and750. Themajorityofthethreesurveyareasconsistofvegetationtype750(Figure2.3),whichisdescribed asbeingmainlyshrubͲlandsandpindan,comprisedofAcaciatumidashrubswithmediumheightgrey boxandcabbagegumwoodland,overribbongrassandcurlyspinifex(Shepherdetal.2002).TheSP areaalsocontainssmallareasofVegetationAssociation129,describedasbareareaswithdriftsand. Bothvegetationtypesarewellrepresentedoutsidethethreesurveyareas,withlessthan0.2%of theirtotalpostͲEuropeanextent(Table2.2).

Table2.2–VegetationAssociationsintheSurveyAreas

Vegetation TotalAreain Areainsurvey Percentofthe Percentoftotal SurveyArea Association WA(km2) area(km2) surveyarea VegetationAssociation

Workers’ 750 12415.59 20.60 100.00 0.17 Accommodation Camp

LightIndustrial 750 12415.59 9.70 100.00 0.078 Area

Southern 750 12415.59 11.54 99.90 0.093 Pipeline 129 957.07 0.01 0.01 0.001



VegetationoftheJamesPricePointarea,incorporatingthecurrentsurveyareas,wasmappedata finerscalebyBiota(2010),withthegeneralareaofthecurrentsurveysmappedascontainingeight vegetationcommunities(Table2.3).Ecologiasurveyedfiveonthesevegetationcommunitiesinthe current survey inlcluding Monsoon Vine Thicket Evergreen; Drainage Basin; Open Forest, Open WoodlandandPindanShrubland.Descriptionsofeachvegetationtypebasedontheresultsofthe currentsurveyareprovidedbelow.

1.Monsoonvinethicketevergreen

IsolatedclumpsoflowtreesofCeltisphilippensis,Diospyroshumilis,MimusopselengiandSersalisia sericea over tall shrubs of Acacia monticola, Bridelia tomentosa, Exocarpos latifolius, Glycosmis macrophylla,G.trifoliataandGrewiabrevifloraovervinesincludingAbrusprecatorius,Caesalpinia major, Capparis lasiantha and the invasive Passiflora foetida var. hispida with isloated tussock grassesofAristidaholathera,EnneapogoncaerulescensandCymbopogonprocerus.



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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  2.DrainageBasin

Low woodland of Lophostemon grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus (P3), Corymbia bella over tallͲmid shrubsofAcaciacolei,Ehretiasaligna,Hakeamacrocarpa,SantalumlanceolatumandSennacostata over midͲlow shrubs of Solanum cunninghamii, Croton habrophyllus and Bridelia tomentosa with densegrassesofAristidaholatheravar.holathera,CymbopogonprocerusandSetariaapiculataand vinesAbrusprecatorius,Passiflorafoetidavar.hispidaandTinosporasmilacina.

3.OpenForest

OpenforestofEucalyptusminiataandCorymbiadampieriovervariablydenseunderstoreyofAcacias includingA.eriopoda,A.monticola,A.tumida,andAplatycarpaandGrevilleapyramidalis,overlow shrubsofA.hippuroides,Dodonaeahispidulavar.aridaandGossypiumrotundifoliumovergrasses ofAristidaholatheravar.holathera,SorghumplumosumandTriodiaschinzii.

4.OpenWoodland

OpenwoodlandwithmidͲlowtreesofEucalyptusminiata,E.jenseniiorCorymbiapolycarpiaovertall shrubsofAcaciamonticola,A.tumida,A.eriopda,A.platycarpaoverBrideliatomentosa,Corchorus sidoides,Dodonaeahispidulavar.arida,MicrostachyschameleaandWaltheriaindicaovergrasses Aristidacontorta,Cymbopogonprocerus,andvinesCassythafiliformis,Passiflorafoetidavar.hispida.

5.Pindanshrubland

Scattered midͲlow trees of Corymbia dampieri and C.zygophylla over tall mixed Acacia species (commonly A.eriopoda and A.tumida) over shrubs of Carissa lanceolata, Dodonaea hispidula, Trichodesmazeylanicum,Acaciaadoxa,GossypiumaustraleandWaltheriaindicaovergrassesTriodia schinzii,Chrysopogonpallidus,Aristidaholatheravar.holatheraandEriachneobtusa.



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 410000 415000 420000 8065000

129 8060000

750 8055000

Legend Vegetation Association 129 129 750 Browse LNG Precinct K 00.51 Workers' Accommodation Camp 8050000 Light Industrial Area (LIA) Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:70,000 Southern Pipeline Corridor

Figure: 2.3 Drawn: RT Vegetation Associations Project ID: 1337 Date: 07/09/2011

of the Project Area Coordinate System Unique Map ID: RT002 Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 (Shepherd et al. 2002) Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 405000 410000 415000 420000 8075000 8070000 8065000

Legend Browse LNG Precinct Workers' Accommodation Camp

8060000 Light Industrial Area (LIA) Southern Pipeline Corridor

Vegetation Mapping Biota 2011 Buffel grassland Coastal communities Coastal heath

8055000 Drainage basin Eroded coastal pindan Monsoon vine thicket deciduous Monsoon vine thicket evergreen Open forrest Open woodland K 024 Pindan shrubland 8050000 Sandstone outcrops Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:110,000 Tall closed scrub

Figure: 2.4 Drawn: RT Vegetation units Project ID: 1337 Date: 03/11/2011

mapped Coordinate System Unique Map ID: RT028 Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 50 by Biota 2011 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

Table2.3–VegetationCommunitiesinthevicinityoftheProjectArea(Biota,2010).

Vegetation Type Description Coastal SparselyvegetatedmobileforedunesusuallyincludingBeachSpinifex(Spinifexlongifolius),alongwiththe Communities sedgesFimbristyliscymosaandF.sericea,whichwereusuallydominantinblowͲoutareas.Stabilised (cc) dunesweredominatedbySpinifexlongifolius. Discrete,closedͲcanopypatches,morecommonlyonthecoastaldunesandsometimesextendingintothe Monsoon swales.TheevergreentreesincludedCeltisphilippensis,Diospyroshumilis,Mimusopselengi,Sersalisia Evergreen sericeaandtheP4speciesPittosporummoluccanum.ShrubsincludedExocarposlatifolius,Glycosmis VineThickets macrophyllaandG.trifoliata.TypicalvinesincludedAbrusprecatorius,Caesalpiniamajor,Capparis (evt) lasiantha,Gymnantheraoblonga,Jacquemontiapaniculata,Opiliaamentacea,Sarcostemmaviminale subsp.brunonianum,TinosporasmilacinaandTylophoracinerascens. TypicaldeciduoustreespeciesincludedBauhiniacunninghamii,Crotonhabrophyllus,Grewiabreviflora, Monsoon GyrocarpusamericanusandTerminaliapetiolaris.DeciduousshrubspeciesincludedBrideliatomentosa, Deciduous Flueggeavirosasubsp.melanthesoides,Grewiaretusifolia,PavettakimberleyanaandPremnaacuminata. VineThickets Vinespeciesweresimilartothoserecordedintheevergreenvinethickets.TheP3grassEriachne (dvt) semiciliata(nowknownasEriachnesp.DampierPeninsula)wasonlyrecordedfromdeciduousvine thickets. Areassubjecttoephemeralfreshwaterflooding,ponding,orseepageandwerefoundbehindcoastalsand Drainage dunessubjecttoseasonalinundation.Suchareaswereoftenassociatedwithmonsoonvinethicketbut Basins(db) werecharacterisedbytheoccurrenceofLardik(Lophostemongrandiflorus)andthepaperbarkKarnbor (Melaleucadealbata),neitherofwhichwererecordedfromvinethicket. Complexmosaic,devoidofeucalyptsanddominatedbydensewattles.ThemajordominantswereAcacia TallClosed monticolaandA.colei,withsomeA.eriopoda,HakeaarborescensandH.macrocarpa,withAcacia Scrub(tcs) hippuroides,Calytrixexstipulata,DodonaeahispidulaandLithomyrtusretusaintheunderstorey. Ubiquitousgrasslanddominatedbyasparseupperlayercomposedmainlyofeucalyptswithavariably densethicketͲformingmiddlelayerofwattles.DominatedbymixedAcaciaspecies(particularlyA. eriopodaandA.tumida),withwidelyscatteredGhostGums(Corymbiaflavescens)nearthecoastand Pindan scatteredBloodwoods(CorymbiadampieriandC.zygophylla)andoccasionalDarwinBox(Eucalyptus Shrubland tectifica)elsewhere.UnderstoreyshrubsincludedConkerberry(Carissalanceolata),Dodonaeahispidula, (ps) CamelBush(Trichodesmazeylanicum),Acaciaadoxa,Gyrostemontepperi,NativeCotton(Gossypium australe),Gonocarpusleptothecus,WaltheriaindicaandSolanumcunninghamii.Theprincipalgrassesare SoftSpinifex(Triodiaschinzii),RibbonGrass(Chrysopogonpallidus),Sorghum(Sorghumstipoideum)and BunchSpeargrass(Heteropogoncontortus). ManowanorWoollybutt(Eucalyptusminiata)onsandysoils,withLongͲfruitedBloodwood(Corymbia Open polycarpa)confinedtoseasonallyinundatedareassuchasalongKundanduCreek.Localisedpatchesof Woodland WandiIronbark(Eucalyptusjensenii)occurredthroughouttheopenwoodland,andwereoftenassociated (ow) withAcaciamonticola. Relativelydensetreecover,withanupperlayerofEucalyptusminiataandanunderstoreyofwattlesthat OpenForest includedAcaciaeriopoda,A.tumidaandA.platycarpa.Grassspeciesweresimilartothoseinthepindan (of) shrublandbutalsoincludedAnnualSorghum(Sorghumstipoideum)andBunchSpeargrass(Heteropogon contortus). 

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

2.3 LANDSYSTEMS

Land systems are described using the biophysical characteristics of geology, landforms,vegetation andsoils.Thesurveyareascontainthreelandsystems:Wanganut,YeedaandCarpentaria(Table2.4 andFigure2.5).TheWanganutlandsystemischaracterisedaslowͲlyingsandplainsanddunefields withdrainageformations,supportingpindanacaciashrublandswithemergenteucalypttrees.The Yeedalandsystemissimilarlydescribedasbeingsandplainswithredandyellowsands,supporting pindan acacia shrublands with emergent eucalypt trees.The Carpentaria land system consists of coastalflatsandassociatedsandymarginsanddunes,andsalinesandsandmuds.Suchterraincan supportpaperbarkthickets,samphiremeadowsorextensivebaremudflatswithfringingmangrove forests(McKenzieandKenneally1983).

TheYeedalandsystemisfoundthroughouttheWACandLIAsurveyareas,andmakesupthegreatest portion of the SP area (39.8%).The SP area also contains the Wanganut and Carpentaria land systems.AllthreeofthelandsystemsfoundwithinthesurveyareasarewellͲrepresentedoutsideof theproposedfootprintforthese,aseachareamakesuplessthan0.5%ofthetotallandsystemarea inWA.

Table2.4–LandSystemsintheSurveyAreas.

ProjectArea LandSystem TotalAreain AreainSurvey Percentofthe PercentofTotal WA(km2) Area(km2) SurveyArea LandSystem

WAC Yeeda 21244.4 20.6 100 0.097

LIA Yeeda 21244.4 9.7 100 0.046

Wanganut 7188.0 3.9 34.1 0.055

SP Yeeda 21244.4 4.6 39.8 0.022

Carpentaria 6131.8 3.0 26.1 0.490



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 410000 415000 420000 8065000 8060000 8055000

Legend Browse LNG Precinct Workers' Accommodation Camp Light Industrial Area (LIA) Southern Pipeline Corridor Land System K 00.51 8050000 Carpentaria Land System Wanganut Land System Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:70,000 Yeeda Land System

Figure: 2.5 Drawn: EF Land Systems Project ID: 1337 Date: 20/06/11

of the Project Area Coordinate System Unique Map ID: EF044 Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 (Cotching 2005) Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

2.4 BIOGEOGRAPHY

TheInterimBiogeographicRegionalisationforAustralia(IBRA)classifiestheAustraliancontinentinto bioregions of similar geology, landform, vegetation, fauna and climate characteristics (DSEWPC 2010).According to IBRA (Version 6.1), the survey area is located in the Dampierland bioregion. With an area of 88,130 km2, the Dampierland bioregion is smaller than most.This is typical of bioregionssituatedalongthecoastwherevegetationislessuniformthanthearidinterior.

TheDampierlandbioregionisfurtherdividedintothesubregionsFitzroyTrough(DL1)andPindanland (DL2),thelatterofwhichincludestheprojectarea(Figure2.6).ThePindanlandsubregionismadeup of the western part of Dampierland (including the hinterland of Eighty Mile Beach), and the sandplains of the Dampier Peninsula, covering 51,989 km2 (Graham 2001).The terrain of the PindanlandsubregionisafineͲtexturedsandͲsheetwithsubdueddunes,supportingvegetationthatis describedprimarilyaspindan.

The dominant land use categories within the Pindanland subregion are unallocated crown land, crown reserves and native pastures for grazing (Graham 2001).The principal limiting factors and threateningprocessesareconsideredtobeferalanimals(donkeys,cats,foxes),wildfire,weeds,land clearing (for agriculture or construction), erosion, human disturbance, and grazing or pastoral activities(Graham2001).TheIBRAprotectionlevelofthesubregionis0.01–5%,meaningthatnot only are ecosystems underͲrepresented, the management of existing parks and reserves is also ranked as poor to fair.More pertinently, monsoon vine thicket ecosystems are considered to be inadequatelyrepresentedandunderthreat(Graham2001).Thefullextentisnotknownofthemain threatening processes (wildfire, weeds, feral animals) in the Dampierland bioregion, compounding thepaucityofknowledgeonthestatusofcriticalweightrangemammalsthere(Graham2001).

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 410000 415000 420000 8065000 8060000

Pindanland 8055000

Legend Biogeographic Region Pindanland Browse LNG Precinct K 00.51 Workers' Accommodation Camp 8050000 Light Industrial Area (LIA) Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:70,000 Southern Pipeline Corridor

Figure: 2.6 Drawn: RT Biogeographic Regions Project ID: 1337 Date: 07/09/11

of the Project Area Coordinate System Unique Map ID: RT003 Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator (SEWPaC 2010) Datum: GDA 1994 A4 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

3METHODS

3.1 DETERMINATIONOFSURVEYDESIGNANDINTENSITY

Prior to the development of field survey methods, a review was undertaken of factors likely to influencesurveydesignandintensity(Table3.1).Basedonthisreview,thelevelofdisturbance,data from previous surveys and the results of a desktop study (ecologia 2010), a SRE field survey was recommended,incorporatingavarietyofSREcollectingtechniques.

Table3.1–FactorsInfluencingSurveyDesign.

Factor Relevance BioregionͲlevelofexistingsurveyknowledgeof Twopreviousbiologicalsurveyshavebeenconductedwithin100kmof theregionandassociatedabilitytopredict thesurveyarea. accurately. Landformspecialcharacteristics/specific fauna/specificcontextofthelandform LandformsofthesurveyareaaretypicalofthePindanlandsubregion. characteristicsandtheirdistributionandrarity intheregion. Lifeforms,lifecycles,typesofassemblagesand Thebesttimetosurveyforallinvertebratefaunagroupsinthe seasonality(e.g.migration)ofspecieslikelyto Kimberleyisthewetseason(typicallyDecember–March),orsoonafter. bepresent. Adryseason(ApriltoAugust)surveycanalsobeconducted. Levelofexistingknowledgeandresultsof OnebaselineSREinvertebratesurveyhasbeenconductedwithin100 previousregionalsampling(e.g.species km.OnetargetedSREinvertebratesurveyhaspreviouslybeen accumulationcurves,species/areacurves). conductedwithintheprojectarea. Themajorityofthethreesurveyareashaveverysimilarhabitat, Numberofdifferenthabitatsordegreeof particularlytheWACandLIAareas.Thereareafewdistinctareasof similaritybetweenhabitatswithinasurvey moreuniquehabitattypes(e.g.monsoonvinethicket,coastaldunes) area. withintheSP. TheKimberleyregionexperienceshotsummerswithoccasionalcyclonic Climaticconstraints(e.g.temperatureorrainfall rainevents,followedbywarmwinterswithlittlerain.Rainfallishighly thatprecludecertainsamplingmethods). unpredictable. Coastalhabitats(foundwithintheSP)arepotentiallymoresensitiveto Sensitivityoftheenvironmenttotheproposed impactthantheextensiveareasofcontinuoushabitatfoundfurther activities. inland(WACandLIA). Therearethreesurveyareas,allnearJamesPricePoint,Northof Broome.TheWACisarectangle(roughly4x5km)adjacenttoManari Size,shapeandlocationoftheproposed road.ThisroadrunsthroughtheSouthernPipelinearea(2.5x6km).The activities. rectangularLIAliestotheeastoftheSParea,andisapproximately2x5.5 km. Thesurveyareacoversthreeinfrastructureareas,eachunder20km2, Scaleandimpactoftheproposal. withatotalareaofapproximately42km2.

3.2 LITERATUREREVIEWANDDATABASESEARCHES

SeveraldatabaseswereconsultedinthepreparationofpotentialSREinvertebratefaunalists,with searchesconductedwithin50kmofthesurveyarea(Table3.2).Inaddition,publicationsreporting on invertebrate fauna surveys conducted predominantly within 150 km of the survey area were consulted (Table 3.3). The results of all database searches and previous surveys are presented in AppendixD.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Table3.2ͲFaunaDatabasesSearchedtoDeterminethePotentialInvertebrateFaunaAssemblagesofthe ProjectArea

Database SearchDetails DECInvertebrateFaunaDatabase Recordswithin50kmofthesurveyarea DECNatureMap Recordswithin40kmofthesurveyarea 

Table3.3ͲPreviousBiologicalSurveyReportswithin150kmoftheProjectArea.

SurveyLocationandAuthor(s) DistancetoSurveyArea(km) Comments JamesPricePointBrowseLNGPrecinctTargeted 0 1Ͳphasesurvey TerrestrialFaunaSurvey(Biota2011) JamesPricePointTerrestrialFaunaSurvey 0 1Ͳphasesurvey (Biota2009) 

3.3 SURVEYTIMING

SufficientrainfallisrequiredforoptimalSREsampling,thereforetheoptimalsamplingperiodinthe Kimberly is during cyclone season, between November and April (EPA 2009). The first survey was completedbetween12thand19thApril2011andthesecondsurveybetween27thApriland5thMay 2011(Table3.4).Roadclosurespreventedaccesstothesitesuntilthistime.Thesurveysfolloweda much wetter than average wet season owing to the three tropical cyclones experienced by the Kimberleyregion(Table3.1).

Table3.4–DurationandPersonDaysforeachSurvey Survey Duration(days) PersonDays Survey1 8 16 Survey2 9 18 Total 17 34 

3.4 SITESELECTION

Aerialphotographs(GoogleEarth™)andvegetationandlandsystemmapsoftheprojectareawere studiedtodeterminethevegetationcommunitiesandlandsystemsinwhichtheSREswerelikelyto occur. Survey site locations were selected primarily based on those habitats likely to support SRE invertebrates.Inparticular,microhabitatslikelytomaintainhighermoisturelevelssuchasunderside ofrocksanddecayinglogs,clumpsofthickunderstoreyvegetation,deepleaflitterbedsaroundbase oftreesandlowͲlyingdrainagelinesweretargeted.

Onceinthefield,siteshadtobeselectedwithincloseproximitytovertebratefaunatrappinglines (usedbyecologiaforthesameWoodsidestudies)duetologisticalrequirements.However,itwasstill possibletoselectappropriatesiteswhichhousedappropriateSREmicrohabitatsfromwithinthese areas.Intotal,fivetrappingsiteswereselected,twowithintheproposedWAC,andthreealongthe NorthͲEastAccessTrack(NEAT),3kmtothewestandnorthoftheLIA(Figure3.1).TheLIAwasa prohibitively long distance from the nearest vehicle access to support adequate SRE assessment, therefore agreement between the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) and

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Woodsidewasreachedpriortothesurveytoundertakesystematictrappinginsimilarrepresentative habitataspresentintheLIA(i.e.NEATarea).Inaddition,fivesiteswithintheproposedWACwere surveyedbyopportunisticforaging.NositesweresurveyedwithintheSPduetologisticalconstraints. ThelocationsofsitesareprovidedinTable3.5andsitehabitatdescriptionsareprovidedinAppendix B.

Previous SRE sampling sites surveyed by Biota (2011) are shown in Figure 3.2. These sites were predominantly found in the coastal communities and Monsoon Vine Thicket (both evergreen and deciduous)intheSouthernPipelineSurveyarea,withseveralsiteslocatedtothenorthofJPP,and onesitelocatedsouthofQuandongpointinPindanShrubland.

Table3.5–LocationofEcologiaSRESurveySites.

Coordinates Vegetation SiteName SurveyType FaunaHabitat LandSystem Association Easting Northing

Invertebrate WAC 417173 8053876 Pindan 750 Yeeda TrapSite01 Shrubland

Invertebrate WAC 414487 8054235 Pindan 750 Yeeda TrapSite02 Shrubland

Invertebrate LIA 413039 8064674 Pindan 750 Yeeda TrapSite03 Shrubland

Invertebrate LIA 415397 8069240 OpenForest 750 Wanganut TrapSite04

Invertebrate LIA 412254 8064097 Pindan 750 Wanganut TrapSite05 Shrubland

Invertebrate WAC 415056 8055230 Pindan 750 Yeeda Forage01 Shrubland

Invertebrate WAC 416043 8055330 Pindan 750 Yeeda Forage02 Shrubland

Invertebrate WAC 416786 8053511 Pindan 750 Yeeda Forage03 Shrubland

Invertebrate WAC 415975 8052814 Pindan 750 Yeeda Forage04 Shrubland

Invertebrate WAC 418359 8054286 Pindan 750 Yeeda Forage05 Shrubland Datum:WGS84 Zone:51K

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 400000 408000 416000 8072000 Legend

!( SRE Sites !(Trap Site 04

North East Access Track

Southern Pipeline

Worker's Camp

!(Trap Site 03 Light Industrial Area !(Trap Site 05

8064000 Road

Vegetation units

Not surveyed

Buffel grassland

Coastal communities

Drainage basin

Monsoon vine thicket deciduous

8056000 Foraging 2 Monsoon vine thicket evergreen !(Foraging 1!(

Foraging 5 !(Trap Site 02 !( Open forest Trap Site 01 !( !( Foraging 3 Pindan shrubland !(Foraging 4 Pindan shrubland AM K Sandstone outcrops 012

Tall closed scrub Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:120,000 Open woodland

8048000 Figure: 3.1 Drawn: NT Location of Project ID: 1339 Date: 07/11/11

SRE Survey Coordinate System Unique Map ID:NT042 Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sites Datum: GDA 1994 A4 410000 420000 !( 8070000 !(

!(

Legend !( !(

!( ecologia SRE Sites_2011 !( !( !( Biota SRE Sites_2011 !( !( !(!( Southern Pipeline !(

Worker's Camp

Light Industrial Area !( !(

8060000 Road !(!(

Vegetation units !(!( Not surveyed

Buffel grassland

Coastal communities !( !(

Drainage basin !( !( !( Monsoon vine thicket deciduous !( !( !( Monsoon vine thicket evergreen

Open forest

Pindan shrubland 8050000 Pindan shrubland AM K Sandstone outcrops 012

Tall closed scrub Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:110,000 Open woodland

Figure: 3.2 Drawn:NT Previous SRE Project ID: 1339 Date: 07/11/11

Survey Sites Coordinate System Unique Map ID:NT043 Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator (Biota 2011) Datum: GDA 1994 A4 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

3.5 SAMPLINGMETHODS

ThesurveymethodsadoptedbyecologiaarealignedwiththeEPAGuidanceStatementNo.20(EPA 2009)andPositionStatementNo.3(EPA2002).

The survey was undertaken using a variety of sampling techniques, both systematic and opportunistic.Systematicsamplingreferstodatamethodicallycollectedoverafixedtimeperiodina discretehabitattype,usinganequalorstandardisedsamplingeffort.Theresultinginformationcan beanalysedstatistically,facilitatingcomparisonsbetweenhabitats.Opportunisticsamplingincludes data collected nonͲsystematically from both fixed sampling sites and as opportunistic records gatheredduringforagingsessions.

3.5.1 SystematicSampling

3.5.1.1 DryPitfallTrapping

AbatteryofdryͲpitfalltrapsweredeployedateachsamplingsite.WithintheWACarea,eachbattery consistedoffiftytrapsarrangedinrowsoffiveacrosstheselectedsite.WithintheLIAarea,each batteryconsistedoftwentyfivetrapsarrangedinrowsoffive.Thetrapswereplasticjars,85mm highx63mmindiameter,andweredugintothegroundsothatthetopedgeofthecontainerwas levelwiththesoilsurface(Figure3.3).

Thetrapswereleftoutforfivenightsforthedurationofthesurvey,attheendofwhichtheywere removed.ThetrapswereclearedeachmorningandanypotentialSREspecimenswerecollectedand placedinindividualvialscontainingabsoluteethanol.

 Figure3.3–DryPitfallTrapatInvertebrateSite03

3.5.1.2 LeafLitterCollection

At each site, 5 m2 of leafͲlitter was collected and placed in Winkler sacks for 48 hours (1 m2 per Winklersack)withcollectionvialsatthebase(Figure3.4).Vialswereremovedafter48hoursand

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  senttoPerthforsortingandidentification.Furthermore,3m2ofleaflitterwassiftedinthefield using a graduated geoͲsieve. Any invertebrate fauna specimens collected were placed in vials containingabsoluteethanolandreturnedtoecologia’sPerthlaboratoryforsortingandidentification.

























Figure3.4–ExampleofWinklerSacsinUse(courtesyofJ.Majer)



3.5.2 OpportunisticData

Opportunistic foraging was undertaken at additional five sites within the WAC. This involved physicallysearchingthroughmicrohabitatsforSREinvertebrates,payingparticularattentiontothe underside of rocks and logs. Snail shells and trapdoor spiders were collected and their location documented.

3.5.3 LaboratorySortingandSpecimenIdentification

Allspecimens,whetherfromforagingorpitfalltraps,wereexaminedunderaStereomicroscopeand sortedintorelatedgroups.Thesespecimenswerelabelledwiththeprojectname,sitenumber,GPS coordinates, the collection trap number or leafͲlitter sift number and the collector names.The invertebratefaunaspecimensweresenttotherelevanttaxonomicexpertforfurtheridentification. Table 3.6 shows the list of taxonomic specialists used for identification and experience of staff involvedinthesurvey.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

Table3.6–ExperienceandQualificationsofTaxonomicExpertsandFieldStaffInvolvedDuringtheSurvey  Institution RelevantExperience CoreyWhisson WesternAustralianMuseum Taxonomicexpertinmolluscs DrErichVolschenk Privateconsultant Taxonomicexpertinscorpions DrMarkHarvey WesternAustralianMuseum Taxonomicexpertinpseudoscorpionsandmyriapods ShirleySlackͲSmith WesternAustralianMuseum Taxonomicexpertinmolluscs DrSimonJudd Privateconsultant Taxonomicexpertinisopods DrVolkerFramenau WesternAustralianMuseum Taxonomicexpertinmygalomorphspiders LauraQuinn(MSc) ecologiafieldstaff >3yearsexperiencewithSREinvertebrates SeanWhite(BSc) ecologiafieldstaff >7yearsexperiencewithterrestrialinvertebrates 

3.6 SRESTATUS

ThelikelihoodoftheinvertebratespeciestobeconsideredaSREornotaSREwasdeterminedby experttaxonomists(MarkHarvey,DepartmentofTerrestrialInvertebrates,WAM;ShirleySlackͲSmith and Corey Whisson, Department of Malacology; Volker Framenau, private consultant, Erich Volschenk,privateconsultantandSimonJudd,privateconsultant)basedonthecurrentknowledgeof thedistributionandbiologyofeachspecies,asfollows:

x No–NotconsideredaSRE

x Confirmed–CurrentknowledgeconfirmsthatthisspeciesisaSRE

x Likely–CurrentknowledgesuggeststhisspeciesisprobablyaSRE.However,furtherresearch isrequiredtoconfirmstatus.

x Potential–Currentknowledgeofthisspeciesorgroupisverylimited,however,thereisthe potentialforthisspeciestorepresentaSRE.Furtherresearchisrequiredtoconfirmstatus.

In cases where the SRE status of species could not be determined due to juvenile stage of the specimensoralackoftaxonomicknowledge,theterm‘undetermined’hasbeenused.

3.7 CONSERVATIONSIGNIFICANTFAUNA

Faunaspeciesthathavebeenformallyrecognisedasrare,threatenedwithextinction,orashaving high conservation value are protected by law under Commonwealth and State legislation. At the nationallevel,faunaareprotectedundertheEPBCAct.WithinWA,rarefaunaarelistedunderthe WesternAustralianWCAct1950:WildlifeConservation(SpeciallyProtectedFauna)Notice2010.

Schedule 1 of the Commonwealth EPBC Act 1999 contains a list of species that are considered Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Extinct, Extinct in the wild and Conservation Dependent(AppendixA).

ClassificationofrareandendangeredfaunaundertheWAWildlifeConservation(SpeciallyProtected Fauna)Notice2010oftheWCActrecognisesfourdistinctschedules.Inaddition,DECmaintainsa PriorityFaunalistwhichincludesthoseremovedfromtheWCActandotherspeciesknownfromonly afewpopulationsorinneedofmonitoring.FivePriorityCodesarerecognised.

October2012  26



 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Thereareover50listedinvertebratespeciesrecordedintheKimberleyarea,allofwhichbelongto orderMollusca(snails).ThespeciesnamesaregiveninAppendixD.



3.8 SURVEYEFFORT

Surveyeffortexpendedwithinthesurveyareaincludedthefollowing: x trapswereopenforacombinedtotalof875trapͲnights;

x thirteenpersonhoursspentforaginginthevicinityofallfivetrappingsites;

x thirteenpersonhoursspentcollectingandsievingleaflitterfromeachtrappingsite;and

x threepersonhoursspentopportunisticallyforagingwithintheWACarea.

TotalsurveyeffortispresentedinTable3.7.

Table3.7ͲSurveyEffort

Site DryTrapNights CollectingLeaf Foraging(person OpportunisticForaging LitterSamples hours) (personhours) (personhours)

InvertebrateTrapSite01 250 6 3.5 n/a

InvertebrateTrapSite02 250 6 3.5 n/a

InvertebrateTrapSite03 125 7 6 n/a

InvertebrateTrapSite04 125 7 6 n/a

InvertebrateTrapSite05 125 7 6 n/a

InvertebrateForage01 n/a n/a n/a 0.5

InvertebrateForage02 n/a n/a n/a 0.5

InvertebrateForage03 n/a n/a n/a 0.5

InvertebrateForage04 n/a n/a n/a 0.5

InvertebrateForage05 n/a n/a n/a 1



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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

3.9 DATAANALYSIS

3.9.1 SurveyAdequacy

There are three general methods of estimating species richness from sample data: extrapolating speciesͲaccumulationcurves(SAC),fittingparametricmodelsofrelativeabundance,andusingnonͲ parametricestimators(BungeandFitzpatrick1993;ColwellandCoddington1994;Gaston1996).In thisreport,thelevelofsurveyadequacywasestimatedusingtherarefactionofSACsascomputedby MaoTaoestimator.Inaddition,thefollowingspeciesrichnessestimators:ACE,ICE,ChaoͲ1,JacknifeͲ 1,JacknifeͲ2,Bootstrapandtheir95%confidencelimitswerecalculated.Finally,aMichaelisͲMenten enzyme kinetic curve was calculated and used as a stopping rule technique.Toeliminatefeatures causedbyrandomorperiodictemporalvariation,thesampleorderwasrandomised50times.The estimatorsappliedtothedatasetwereperformedusingEstimateS(version8,Colwell2009).

3.9.2 HabitatAssessment

Habitat types reflect vegetation, underlying geology, soil, surface hydrology and position in the landscape,andprovideareasonablesurrogateofhabitatparametersinrespecttoSREs.Importantly, variability of habitats has been linked strongly with invertebrate species richness and thus the classification and distribution of habitat types in the landscape, and the species utilising them, providescriticalinformationonspeciesdistribution.

Previoussurveysconductedintheprojectarea(Biota2011)recordedpotentialSREgroupsfromthe followinghabitats: x PindanShrubland;

x OpenForest;and

x MonsoonVineThicket.

StatisticalanalyseswerecarriedoutonacombineddatasetfromtheBiotaandecologiasurveys.Raw data were log + 1 transformed in order to reduce the influence of the high and low magnitude variables(e.g.highlyabundantspecies).Differencesbetweenhabitattypesandspeciesrichnesswere tested with a oneͲway ANOVAs. Prior to undetaking the ANOVA, tests of normality (Anderson – Darling)andhomogeneity(Barlett’sandLevene)wereperformedinordertodetermineifthedata setconformswiththeaͲprioriassumptionsrequiredforthistypeonanalysis.

To analyse differences in species diversity between habitats, a Euclidean similarity measure was calculated for each pairwise site comparison followed by a nonͲmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) of similarity matrix. Stress values below 0.20 were considered to indicate a good fit of the scalingtothematrix.Thedimensionsthatreducedthemajorityofthe“rawstress”werechosenfor the final scaling. In addition, to test whether the differences in species diversity between habitat typesweresignificant,analysesofsimilarity(ANOSIM)(Clarke1993)comparisonsweremadeusing the oneͲway ANOSIM function in the PAST software package (Hammer et al. 2001). ANOSIM was calculatedusingtheBrayͲCurtisSimilarityIndexwith999permutations.BrayCurtisisawidelyused andwellͲtestedindexforincidencedata.



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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  3.10 SURVEYTEAM

FieldsurveyteammembersarelistedinTable3.8.ThesurveywasconductedunderDECRegulation 17ScientificLicenceSF008017.

Table3.8ͲSurveyPersonnel

SurveyMember Qualification Experience DrLazaroRoqueͲAlbelo BSc,MSc,PhD, PrincipalZoologist >25years DrMagdalenaDavis BSc,MSc,PhD, ManagerInvertebrateSciences >10years LauraQuinn BSc,MSc,InvertebrateZoologist >3years SeanWhite BSc,InvertebrateZoologist >7years



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4RESULTS

4.1 LITERATUREREVIEW

4.1.1 SummaryFromPreviousSurveys

TwelvepotentialSREspecieswerecollectedinvicinityoftheprojectareabyBiota(2009,2011).The taxa were collected from three habitat types (Pindan Shrubland, Open Forrest and Monsoon Vine Thicket)andarelistedbelow:

1. Aname‘MYG231’(Pindanshrubland,MonsoonVineThicket)

2. ?Aganippesp.(Pindanshrubland)

3. Synothele‘MYG179’(Pindanshrubland)

4. Conothelesp.(Pindanshrubland,MonsoonVineThicket)

5. Missulenasp.(Pindanshrubland,MonsoonVineThicket)

6. Euryolpiumsp.(unknownhabitat)

7. Urodacus‘rugosus’(Pindanshrubland,MonsoonVineThicket)

8. Urodacus‘JP’(Pindanshrubland)

9. Pachybolidaemillipede(MonsoonVineThicket)

10. Rhagadabulgana(PindanShrubland,OpenForrestandMonsoonVineThicket)

11. Quistrachialeptogramma(PindanShrubland,OpenForrestandMonsoonVineThicket)

12. Pilbarascutigeraincola(Pindanshrubland)

Noneofthespecieswasreportedasrestrictedtotheprojectarea(Biota2009,2011).

NospecieslistedundertheEPBCAct,WCActand/orDEClisthavebeenrecordedwithin,orcloseto, theprojectareaduringprevioussurveys(Biota2009,2011).

4.1.2 TaxonomicGroupsLikelytoSupportShortRangeEndemismintheKimberleyregion

4.1.2.1 Arachnids(Phylum:Arthropoda,SubClass:Arachnida)

Four orders of arachnids can exhibit short range endemism: Pseudoscorpiones (false scorpions), Scorpiones (true scorpions), Schizomida (shortͲtailed whip spiders) and Araneae (i.e. Infraorder: MygalomorphaeortrapͲdoorspiders).ManymygalomorphtrapͲdoorspiderspeciesarevulnerableto disturbanceandexhibitshortrangeendemismduetotheirlimitedabilitytodisperse.Thesespiders also have extreme longevity and the longͲterm persistence of females in a single burrow (Raven 1982). Mygalomorph spiders are largely considered ‘old world’ spiders and, as such, are generally adaptedtopastclimaticregimesmakingthemvulnerabletodesiccationinaridenvironments.They use a variety of behavioural techniques to avoid desiccation, the most obvious of which is their burrow,whichmayreachupto70cmindepth(Main1982).Mygalomorphgroupsarethuscapable

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  ofsurvivingontheperipheryofthegreatcentraldesertregionandminorhabitatswithinthegeneral arid regions of the continent. Previous surveys in the James Price Point area have identified mygalomorphspidertaxafromthegeneraMissulena,Synothele,Conothele,AganippeandAname. None of the species/taxa has been formally described, however, and their SRE status is currently unknown(Biota2011).

Anothermemberofthearachnidclass,theSchizomida,iscurrentlyknowntobecomposedentirelyof SREs,withmostrecordedfromsinglelocalities(Harvey2002).FortyͲsixschizomidspecieshavebeen describedinnorthernAustralia.Mostareknowntooccurintheentrancestoandinsidecaves,while theremainderoccurinnearbyhabitats(Harvey2002).Epigeanschizomidtaxaareknowntooccurin theKimberleyregion(Harvey1991).

Scorpionsandpseudoscorpionsalsoexhibithighdegreesofendemism(Koch1981;Harvey1996)and bothgroupsoccurintheKimberleyregion(Harvey1991).Previoussurveysintheareacollecteda pseudoscorpionspeciesfromthegenusEuryolpium,withanunknownbutunlikelySREstatus,and twospeciesofscorpions,Urodacus'rugosus'(confirmedSRE)andUrodacussp.(potentialSRE)(Biota 2011).

4.1.2.2 MillipedesandCentipedes(PhylumArthropoda,ClassMyriapoda)

Despitemillipedesbeinghighlyabundantinsoilandleaflitterandhighlydiverseattheorderlevel, they are inadequately studied and relatively little is known of their biogeography (Harvey 2002). Spirobolid millipedes are known to occur in the Kimberley region – previous surveys collected specimensfromthefamilyPachybolidae(SREstatusunknown)(Biota2011).

Centipedes are not listed by Harvey (2002) as SRE species; however they have been shown to be endemictosmallareasontheeasterncoastofAustralia(Edgecombeetal.2002).Examinationofthe distributionsofspeciesfeaturedintheCSIROcentipedewebpagealsorevealsdisjunctandisolated occurrences of many species. A number of genera have Pangaean and Gondwanan affinities (Edgecombeetal.2002).Ingeneral,theseanimalshavearelativelycrypticbiology,preferringmoist habitatsindeeplitteraccumulations,underrocksandinrottinglogs,andtheyhaverelativelypoor dispersal abilities (Lewis 1981). This suggeststhattheyarepotentialcandidatesfordesignationas SREs.MembersoftheordergeophilomorphahavebeenespeciallyconsideredaspossibleSREspecies duetotheirsmallsizeandcrypticbiology.Previoussurveysintheareacollectedacentipedespecies Pilbarascutigeraincola,whichisnotanSREspecies(Biota2011).

4.1.2.3 Isopods(Phyllum:Arthropoda,ClassCrustacea)

There are currently around 10,215 described species of isopod worldwide classified into 11 suborders. However, little understanding of the taxonomy of Australian isopod genera currently exists(BruscaandBrusca2003;Juddetal.2008).Numerousspeciesofterrestrialandsubterranean isopodsbelongingtoseveraldifferentgenerahavebeenidentifiedinWesternAustraliawithseveral genera containing known and potential SREs including Pseudolaureola, Buddenlundia, Cubaris and Platyarthridae(Judd2009,2010;Judd2011).SREisopodshavebeencollectedfromthePilbaraand KimberelyregionsofWesternAustralia(Juddetal.2008).ManyspecieshaveGondwananaffinities suggesting that relictual habitats originating from much wetter climate periods persist across the State (Main 1987). Due to a lack of taxonomic knowledge and paucity of data, the precise distributionsofeachspeciesisunknownandmoretaxonomicworkatspecieslevelisrequiredbefore thestatusofindividualpopulationscanbeascertained.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  4.1.2.4 Molluscs(Phylum:Mollusca)

Numerous species of freshwater and terrestrial molluscs belonging to many genera have been identified in Australia, with most being SREs (Harvey 2002). Restricted ranges of the terrestrial molluscsofthedriernorthernandWesternAustraliawerenotedforavastnumberofspecies(Solem 1997).AmongtheseweresevenendemicspeciesofRhagadafromtheDampierArchipelago,fiveof whichwerefoundtooccursympatricallyononeisland.However,inarecentgeneticstudyconducted onRhagada(Johnsonetal.2004),allozymeanalysisrevealedlittlevariationbetweentaxa.Sucha findingcouldindicatethatthereismerelyhighmorphologicaldiversitywithinoneorafewspecies.It isalsopossiblehowever,thatthereisanumberofhighlyendemicspeciesandthatmorphological diversityhastakenplacerapidlywithlittlegeneticchange(Johnsonetal.2004).

SomespeciesoftheterrestrialsnailgeneraRhagadaandQuistrachiaareknowntobeSREs.Species ofthesegenerahavebeenrecordedwithintheKimberleyregionwithsomeoccurringinareasclose totheprojectarea(Johnson2010).PrevioussurveyscollectedtwospeciesoflandsnailsͲQuistrachia leptogrammaandRhagadabulgana(Biota2011).Phylogeneticstudiesoftheselandsnailsconcluded thattheyarenotSREsuniquetotheJamesPricePointcoastalarea(Johnston2010).

4.1.2.5 Worms(Phylum:Annelida&Onychophora)

Thetaxonomicstatusoftheearthwormfamily,Megascolecidae,inWesternAustraliawasrevisedby Jamiesonin1971.Asaresultofthisstudy,itwasconcludedthatmostoftheearthwormgeneraare made up almost entirely of SREs (Harvey 2002). This is also the case with the velvet worms (Onychophorans). Due to several taxonomic revisions that have been conducted (see references withinHarvey,2002),thenumberofonychophoranspecieshasexpandedfromsixtoover70species, andanumberofspeciesstillremainundescribed(Harvey2002).Veryfewofthesespecieshavea knownrangethatexceeds200km2andsomearerestrictedtosinglelocalitiesandhavehighgenetic differentiation, indicating very little mobility and dependence on their permanently moist habitats (Harvey 2002). Both groups are known from the tropical areas of the Kimberley region (McKenzie 1991)

4.2 SURVEYRESULTS

4.2.1 Specimenscollected

Atotalof78invertebratespecimenswerecollectedduringthesurvey.Theseindividualsrepresented seven orders, eight families, 12 genera and at least 15 species of invertebrates (Table 4.1). The taxonomy,distributionandSREstatusofthesegeneraarediscussedinthefollowingsections.

As typical in SRE surveys, six species were recorded in low abundance, being represented only by singletons(onerecordeach,twotaxa)and/ordoubletons(tworecordseach,fourtaxa)(Figure4.1). Rarityoffaunaspeciespresentsdifficultiesindeterminingtheirdistributionacrossthearea.

Whencomparedwithspecimenscollectedduringthe2011Biotasurvey(Figure4.2),similaritiesexist betweennumberofspeciescollected(i.elownumbersofspidersandscorpions,highernumbersof snails).BothsurveysrecordedscorpionsfromthegenusUrodacus,spidersfromthegenusAname, pseudoscorpions from the genus Euryolpium, and snails Rhagada and Quistrachia, whereas the ecologia2011surveyrecordedscorpionsfromthegenusLychasandpseudoscorpionsBeierolpium, Indolpium and Austrohorus, the isopod Buddelundia, and harvestman Dampertrus, that were not previouslyrecordedfromtheBiotasurvey.ThepreviousBiotasurveyalsoyieldedseveralspeciesof

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  mygalomorph spider that were not collected during the 2011 survey (e.g. Missulena, Conothele, Synothele).

Figure4.1

Scolopendralaeta 1 Urodacussp 1 AnameMYG232 2 Indolpiumsp 2 Quistrachialeptogranma 2 Beierolpiumsp8/4 2 Beirolpiumsp(juv) 3 Austrohorussp 4

Species Buddelundiasp1 4 Euryolpiumsp 4 Dampetrussp 6 Lychas"multipunctatus" 7 AnameMYG231 10 LychasJPP 14 Rhagadabulgana 20

0 5 10 15 20 25 Abundance

 Figure4.1–AbundanceHistogramofpotentialSREGroups(Ecologia2011data).

Figure4.2

Pilbarascutigeraincola 1 Urodacus'sp.JP' 1

Aname'sp.(female)' 1 ?Aganippe'sp.(female)' 1 Urodacus'rugosus' 2 Aname'sp.(juv).' 3

Species Synothele`MYG179female` 4 Missulenasp. 5 Conothelesp. 12

Pachybolidae`genus?` 27 Rhagadabulgana 39 Quistrachialeptogramma 200

0 50 100 150 200 250 Abundance  Figure4.2–AbundanceHistogramofPotentialSREGroupsCollectedDuringBiotaSurvey(2011).

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

Table4.1–SummaryofInvertebrateFaunaSpecimensCollectedDuringEcologiaSurvey2011

Taxa TrapSite  ForagingSite Class(Order) Family Genus Species SRE 1 2 3 4 5  1 2 3 4 5 Totalnoofspecimens Arachnida(Aranae) Aname MYG231 potential 1 0 1 4 4  0 0 0 0 0 10 Mygalomorphae Nemesiidae Aname MYG232 potential 1 0 0 0 1  0 0 0 0 0 2 Arachnida(Opiliones) Opiliones Assamiidae Dampetrus sp. potential 1 0 0 5 0  0 0 0 0 0 6 Arachnida(Scorpiones) Lychas multipunctatus no 3 1 2 0 1  0 0 0 0 0 7 Buthidae Scorpiones Lychas JPP' potential 7 2 2 3 0  0 0 0 0 0 14 Urodacidae Urodacus sp.Indet undetermined 0 0 0 1 0  0 0 0 0 0 1 Arachnida(Pseudoscorpiones) Austrohorus sp. undetermined 3 1 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 4 Beierolpium sp.8/4' undetermined 0 0 0 1 1  0 0 0 0 0 2 Pseudoscorpiones Opiidae Beierolpium sp.(juv)' undetermined 0 1 1 0 1  0 0 0 0 0 3 Euryolpium sp undetermined 0 0 4 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 4 Indolpium sp undetermined 0 0 1 0 1  0 0 0 0 0 2 Mollusca Rhagada bulgana no 4 1 0 0 0  0 0 2 7 6 20 Gastropoda Camaenidae Quistrachia leptogramma no 0 1 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 1 2 Crustacea Isopoda Armadillidae Buddelundia sp.1 potential 1 1 0 1 1  0 0 0 0 0 4 Myriapoda(Chilopoda) Geophilomorpha Scolopendridae Scolopendra laeta no 0 1 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 0 1 

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

Table4.2–SummaryofSpecimensCollectedDuringPreviousSurveyBiota2011



Class(Order) Family Genus Species SRE JPPSRE02 JPPSRE03 JPPSRE04 JPPSRE05 JPPSRE06 JPPSRE07 JPPSRE08 JPPSRE10 JPPSRE11 JPPSRE13 JPP01A JPP10A JPP15A JPP18A JPP105 JPP113 JPP114 QUSites OPP

sp.(female) Actinopodidae Missulena and(Juv) Potential 2 1 SRESurveySites 2 Barychelidae Synothele MYG179' Potential 3 1 1 Arachnida(Aranae) Ctenizidae Conothele sp.1(female) Potential 3 1 2 1 1 2 Ctenizidae Conothele sp.(juv.sp.1) Potential 1 Ctenizidae Conothele sp.(juv.sp.2) Potential 1 1 Ctenizidae Conothele sp.2(female) Potential 1 Idiopidae ?Aganippe sp.(female) Potential 1 Nemesiidae Aname MYG231' Potential 1 1 1 2

Urodacidae Urodacus rugosa' Potential 11 Urodacidae Urodacus sp.JP' Potential 1 Arachnida ArachnidaOlpiidae(Scorpiones)Euryolpium No 1

Pachybolidae genus?' sp.(female)' Potential 2 3 5 2 2 Pachybolidae(Pseudoscorpiones)genus?' sp.(Juv)' Potential 1 2 5 2 3

DiplopodaScutigeridae(Millipedes)Pilbarascutigera incola Potential 1

Camaenidae Quistrachia leptogramma Potential 15 40 2 14 1 2 10 49 7 4 56 ChilopodaCamaenidae(Centipedes)Rhagada bulgana Potential 1335

Gastropoda(Snails)

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 404000 408000 412000 416000 420000

Legend 8070000 Potential SRE Species !( (!^` !( Aname MYG231

*# Aname MYG232

!( Buddelundia sp.

^` Dampetrus sp.

8065000 (! !( Lychas 'JPP' (!*#

Road

Southern Pipeline

Worker's Camp

8060000 Light Industrial Area Vegetation units

Not surveyed

Buffel grassland

Coastal communities 8055000

Drainage basin !( ^`*#(! Monsoon vine thicket deciduous !(

Monsoon vine thicket evergreen

Open forest

Pindan shrubland 8050000 Pindan shrubland AM K Sandstone outcrops 012

Tall closed scrub Kilometres Absolute Scale - 1:110,000 Open woodland

Figure: 4.3 Drawn:NT Location of Project ID: 1339 Date: 07/11/11 Coordinate System Unique Map ID:NT044 SRE Species Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 400000 410000 420000

[(!% 8080000

^_

[!^_*#

^_ 8070000

E-'

(!.*# .!*#

E^_ Legend # Potential SREs (Biota 2011) Vegetation units #0.!*

% Aganippe Not surveyed

(! Aname 'MYG231' Buffel grassland

)" Centipede Coastal communities

.! Conothele sp. Drainage basin .! *# Millipede ^_*# 8060000 Monsoon vine thicket deciduous #0^_.!

#0 Missulena Monsoon vine thicket evergreen #0.^_! $ Pilbarascutigera incola Open forest

^_ Q. leptogramma Pindan shrubland

X R.Bulgana Pindan shrubland_AM

[! Synothele Sandstone outcrops

E Urodacus 'rugosa' Tall closed scrub

-' Urodacus 'sp. JP' Open woodland

Southern Pipeline [(!.)X$"*# K 012 Worker's Camp Kilometres Light Industrial Area Absolute Scale - 1:120,000 Road

Figure: 4.4 Drawn:NT Biota 2011 SRE Project ID: 1339 Date: 07/11/11 Coordinate System Unique Map ID:NT045 Species Locations Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

4.2.2 TrapdoorSpiders:Mygalomorphae

Twelve specimens of trapdoor spider were collected, representing two species from the family Nemesiidae.BothspecieshavebeencollectedfromwithintheproposedWACandadjacenttotheLIA area(Figure4.3).

FamilyNemesiidae

GenusAname

ThegenusAnamecurrentlyincludes33namedspeciesinAustralia,andiswellrepresentedbyfour named,andnumerousunnamedspeciesfrommanydifferentregionsinWesternAustralia.Members of this genus are believed to be most common in sclerophyll forest, but are also known from rainforests and deserts (Raven 1981). Aname regularly belongs to the most diverse mygalomorph genera found during biological spider surveys. Many Aname species appear to have limited distributions(Raven1985).

Aname‘MYG231’

TenspecimenswerecollectedfromTrapSite01withintheproposedWAC,andTrapSites03,04and 05withintheproposedLIA.ThismorphospeciesislikelytobeconspecificwiththespeciesAnamesp. previously collected within the project area by Biota (2011), however DNA study is required to confirmthisasnomaturemalespecimensforidentificationwereavailablefromtheBiotasurvey. Thisisamediumsizedspiderwithacurvedembolus(Figure4.5).Basedontheincidenceofshort rangeendemisminAnamefromnorthernAustralia,thisspeciesisconsideredapotentialSRE.

 Figure4.5–MaleSpecimenofAnamëMYG231̉ͲPotentialSRESpecies







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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Aname‘MYG232’

TwospecimenswerecollectedfromTrapSite01withintheproposedWACandTrapSite05within theproposedLIA.ThisisacomparativelysmallspeciesofAname,lightincolour(Figure4.6),andit has not been known previously from the WA Museum morphospecies collection.Based on the incidenceofshortrangeendemisminAnamefromnorthernAustralia,thisspeciesisconsidereda potentialSRE.

 Figure4.6–MaleSpecimenofAnamëMYG232̉ͲPotentialSRESpecies

4.2.3 Scorpions:Scorpiones

Atotalof22scorpionspecimenswerecollectedfromalltrappingsiteswithintheproposedWACand LIAareas,representingtwogeneraandtwofamilies.

FamilyButhidae

Lychas‘JPP’

Atotalof14specimenswerecollectedfromTrapSites01,02and04.Lychasisawidespreadgenus acrossmainlandAustralia,however,asmallnumberofspecieshaverestricteddistributions.Lychas ‘JPP’isadistinctmorphospeciesfromanypreviouslycollectedspecies(Figure4.7)andisonlyknown fromthese13specimens.Assuch,itisapotentialSREspecies.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

  Figure4.7ͲMaleSpecimenofLychas‘JPP’ͲPotentialSRESpecies

Lychas‘multipunctatus’

SevenspecimenswerecollectedfromTrapSites01,02,03and05.Lychasisawidespreadgenus acrossmainlandAustralia.Althoughasmallnumberofspecieshaverestricteddistributions,Lychas ‘multipunctatus’iswidelyrecordedthroughoutthePilbararegion(Figure4.8)andthusitisnotaSRE species.

 Figure4.8ͲFemaleSpecimenofLychas‘multipunctatus’







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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  FamilyUrodacidae

Urodacussp.

A single juvenile specimen was collected from the Trap Site 04.The genus Urodacus is the most diverseinWesternAustraliaandcontainsbothwidespreadandSREspecies.Asthespecimenwasa juvenile, identification could not be completed and thus the SRE status of this species is undetermined.

4.2.4 Pseudoscorpions:Pseudoscorpiones

Atotalof15pseudoscorpionspecimenswerecollectedwithintheproposedWACandLIAareasfrom leaflitteratTrapSites01–05,representingfourgenerafromasinglefamily.

FamilyOlpiidae

Austrohorussp.

Four specimens were collected from Trap Sites 01 and 02.This species appears similar to other Austrohorus from Western Australia (Figure 4.9). However, due to current lack of taxonomic knowledge, identification could not be completed and thus the SRE status of this species is undetermined.

    

Figure4.9ͲMaleSpecimenofAustrohorussp.

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Beierolpiumsp.

ThreespecimenswerecollectedfromTrapSites02,03and05.Asthesespecimenswerejuveniles (Figure 4.9), identification could not be completed and thus the SRE status of this species is undetermined.

 Figure4.10–JuvenileSpecimenofBeierolpiumsp.

Beierolpium‘sp.8/4’

Two specimens were collected from Trap Sites 04 and 05.The ‘8/4’ representation refers to the numberofsensoryhairsonthefixedandmovablefingersofadults,whichmaybeafeaturedistinct tothespecies(Figure4.11).However,duetocurrentlackoftaxonomicknowledge,identification couldnotbecompletedandthustheSREstatusofthisspeciesisundetermined.

 Figure4.11ͲMaleSpecimenofBeierolpium‘sp.8/4’

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

Euryolpiumsp.

Four specimens were collected from Trap Site 03 (no image available). As these specimens were juveniles, identification could not be completed and thus the SRE status of this species is undetermined.

Indolpiumsp.

TwospecimenswerecollectedfromTrapSites03and05(noimageavailable).Similarspecimens have been collected in Western Australia, and thus these specimens are considered not a SRE species.

4.2.5 Snails:Gastropoda

Atotalof22snailspecimenswerecollectedwithintheproposedWACarea,representingtwospecies fromthefamilyCamaenidae.

FamilyCamaenidae

Rhagadabulgana

Atotalof20specimenswerecollectedfromTrapSites01,02andForagingsites3,4and5.Whilethe known distribution of R. bulgana (Figure 4.12) is to the area between Quondong Point and the northerntipoftheDampierlandPeninsula,theWAMexpertsexpectthespeciestobefoundbeyond thisarea(SlackͲSmithandWhisson2011).Inaddition,moleculartaxonomysuggeststhatthespecies issynonymouswithR.cygnainthenorthandR.reignainthesouthofDampierland(Johnson2010). Thisindicatesthat,firstly,taxonomicrevisionisrequired,and,secondly,thespeciesrangesextend beyondSREdefinition.Thus,thisisnotaSREspecies.

 Figure4.12–DeadͲtakenSpecimenofRhagadabulgana

Quistrachialeptogramma

Two specimens were collected from Trap Site 02 and Foraging Site 5.Quistrachia leptogramma (Figure4.13)hasbeenfoundfromBroomenorthwardstoCapeLeveque,andotherscatteredrecords areknown.TheWAMexpertsthusconsideritnotaSREspecies(SlackͲSmithandWhisson2011).

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment 

 Figure4.13ͲSpecimenofQuistrachialeptogramma

4.2.6 Harvestmen:Opiliones

Dampetrussp.

SixspecimensofDampertrussp.(Figure4.14)werecollectedwithintheproposedWACandLIAareas from Trap Sites 01 and 03.It is possible that these specimens represent a SRE species,however, identificationcouldnotbecompletedduetoalackoftaxonomicknowledgeandthustheSREstatus ofthisspeciesisundetermined.



Figure4.14ͲDorsalandVentralViewsofSpecimenofDampetrussp.



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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  4.2.7 Slaters:Isopoda

FamilyArmadillidae

GenusBuddelundia

Asageneralisationbasedonknowndistributionsofdescribedspecies,Buddelundiaspeciesarenot SREsastheytendtobehabitatgeneralistswithwiderangesquitecommoninWA’saridzones(A. Hosie,WAM,pers.comm.17/6/2011).Exceptionswillexist,however,suchasspeciesbelongingto troglomorphicformsorBuddelundiasp.15currentlyknownonlyfromtheHamersleyRange(S.Judd, pers.comm.).

Buddelundiasp.1

AtotaloffourisopodspecimenswerecollectedwithintheproposedWACandLIAareasfromTrap Sites01,02,04and05,allbelongingtothesamespeciesidentifiedhereasBuddelundiasp.1(no imageavailable).ThespecimenspresentthefirstrecordofBuddelundiafromDampierlandandthere arecurrentlynoknownrecordsofthisspecieselsewhere(A.Hosie,WAM,pers.comm.17/6/2011). Although A. Hosie from WAM expects the species to have a significant range in arid areas of the KimberleyregionandpossiblythePilbara,thisspeciesiscurrentlyconsideredapotentialSREdueto lackofreferencedata.

4.2.8 Centipedes:Chilopoda,Geophilomorpha

FamilyScolopendridae

ScolopendralaetaHaase,1887

AsinglespecimenwascollectedwithintheproposedWACfromTrapSite02(noimageavailable). ThisspeciesisverywidespreadandcommoninWesternAustraliaand,therefore,itisnotaSRE.



ThelistofallpotentialSREspeciescollectedinthesurveyisgiveninTable4.3,includinghabitattype inwhichtheywerecollected.



Table4.3–SummaryofPotentialSRESpeciesCollectedduringtheSurvey CollectedinPreviousSurvey Species SREStatus Habitat (Biota2011) AnameMYG231 potential PindanShrubland,OpenForest Yes(MonsoonVinethicket)

AnameMYG232 potential PindanShrubland No

Dampetrussp. potential PindanShrubland,OpenForest No

Lychas‘JPP’ potential PindanShrubland,OpenForest No

Buddelundiasp.1 potential PindanShrubland,OpenForest No



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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  4.3 HABITATASSESSMENTANALYSIS

SixdifferenthabitatsoccurwithinthestudyareaandthreeoftheseweresampledforSREspecies (combineddataofBiota2011andthissurvey).TheresultsindicatethatthePindanShrubland(21 speciesand131specimens)isthemostabundantanddiversehabitat,followedbytheOpenForest (12 species and 85 specimens) and the Monsoon Vine Thicket habitat with six species and 106 specimens.Allofthesehabitattypesextendoutsidetheproposedimpactarea.ThefivepotentialSRE speciescollectedwerepresentwithinthePindanShrublandhabitat.AnameMYG231alsooccurred withinMonsoonVineThicket(Biota2011)andOpenForest.Dampetrussp,Buddelundiasp.1and Lychas‘JPP’werealsopresentinOpenForest(Table4.3).However,accordingtotheANOVAteston theutilisationͲavailabilitydata,therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenhabitatstypes andspeciesrichness(F=1.14,P=0.41,DF14)andabundance(F=0.85,P>0.61,DF14).

AmultivariateoneͲwayANOSIMtestshowednostatisticaldifferenceinspeciesassemblagesamong thethreehabitattypes,PindanShrubland,OpenForestandMonsoonVineThicket(R=0.14;P=0.32; 999permutations).Visualinspectionoftheordinationdiagramdidnotrevealanyclearpatternof sample grouping (Figure 4.15). It can be reasonably inferred that the invertebrate assemblage containingpotentialSREgroupsidentifiedinthisstudyisnotassociatedwithspecifichabitat.

Theoutliersoftheordinationdiagram(i.e.ps2,ps4)showthatsomesamplingpointsaresignificantly richerinspeciesthanothers(Figure4.15).



















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 Figure4.15ͲOrdinationDiagramofaMultivariateOneͲWayANOSIMtest,stresslevel=0.09(ps–Pindan Shrubland,of–OpenForest,evt&dvt–evergreenanddeciduousMonsoonVineThicket)



4.4 SREFAUNAHABITATS

SixdifferentSREfaunahabitatswererecordedwithinthesurveyarea: x PindanShrubland

x CoastalCommunities

x Openwoodlandtoopenforest

x MonsoonVineThicket

x DrainageBasin

x TallClosedScrub

ThesehabitatsaredetailedinTable4.4anddescribedingreaterdetailbelow.Oneadditionalhabitat wasrecordedpreviouslyinthevicinity,butdidnotoccurinsidethesurveyareas(Biota2009): x CoastalHeath

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Table4.4–AmountOfFaunaHabitatInSurveyAreas. TotalAreain Areain Areain Areain Combined %of Vicinityof Southern Workers LIA Infrastructure Total SurveyArea* Pipeline(km2) Camp(km2) (km2) (km2) Area  (km2) Pindan 116.25 3.91 20.60 9.70 34.21 29.4 Shrubland Coastal 1.91 1.16 0 0 1.16 60.7 Communities OpenForest 36.40 2.77 0 0 2.77 7.6 MonsoonVine 5.15 3.26 0 0 3.26 63.3 Forest DrainageBasin 0.32 0.26 0 0 0.26 81.2 TallClosed 2.65 0.02 0 0 0.02 0.8 Scrub CoastalHeath 0.35 0 0 0 0 0 *BasedonvegetationmappingfromBiota(2009).

4.4.1 PindanShrubland

PindanshrublandwithinthesurveyareareflectsthevegetationmappingcompletedbyBiota(2009) and roughly corresponds to the Yeeda land system (Figure 2.5).When present, the overstorey consistsofveryopentoscatteredeucalypt(Corymbia)species.Acaciashrubs(primarilyA.eriopoda and A. monticola) range from very dense (Invertebrate Trap Site 01, Invertebrate Trap Site 03) to open (Invertebrate Trap Site 02).The substrate is pindan with a cover of dense to open tussock grasses,whichhavethepotentialtomaintainhighermoisturelevelsandthuscomprisepotentialSRE habitat.

4.4.2 CoastalCommunities

Coastal communities occupy the fore dunes along the coast within the SP survey area.Spinifex longifoliusgrasswithscatteredpatchesofCrotalariaandTerminaliashrubscoverloosecoastalsands. 

4.4.3 OpenForest

ApatchofopenforestfollowsalongKundanduCreekintheSPprojectarea,andtrappingsiteswere placed in this habitat on the NEAT (Invertebrate Trap Sites 04 and 05).This habitat roughly correspondstotheWanganutlandsystem(Figure2.5).ThevegetationisopenEucalyptusminiata andothereucalyptspeciesoveranopentomoderatelydenseunderstoreyofmixedAcaciaspecies. The substrate is yellow sand with a moderate to dense cover of tussock grasses. The moist SRE microhabitatsincludedundersideofrocksanddecayinglogs,tussocksofgrassesanddeepleaflitter bedsaroundbaseoftrees.

4.4.4 MonsoonVineThicket

Monsoon vine thickets occur along a narrow band within 1 km of the coast line in the SP area. Terminalia ferdinandiana and Diospyros humilis low trees and shrubs on coastal sand are the dominantvegetationofthishabitat.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  4.4.5 DrainageBasin

AsingledrainagebasinliesintheSP,locatedbetweenMonsoonVineThicketandPindanShrubland. Thisareaissubjecttoephemeralfreshwaterfloodingduringandafterthewetseason.Duringthe current survey the area was dry and the habitat appeared similar to surrounding areas, however when the area contains water it is likely to attract a distinctly different fauna assemblage to the surroundingarea.

4.4.6 TallClosedScrub

AsmallpatchoftallclosedscrubliesinthenorthͲeasterncorneroftheSPProjectarea.Thisunitwas characterisedbybeingacomplexmosaic,devoidofeucalyptsanddominatedbydensewattles.The majordominantswereAcaciamonticolaandA.colei,withsomeA.eriopoda,Hakeaarborescensand H. macrocarpa, with Acacia hippuroides, Calytrix exstipulate, Distichostemon hispidulus and Lithomyrtusretusaintheunderstorey.

4.5 SURVEYADEQUACY

4.5.1 SpeciesAccumulationCurves/NumberofSamples

BoththeempiricallyobservedSACandtheestimatedMauandTaurarefactioncurvesuggestthata fraction of the diversity of SRE groups was sampled (Figure 4.16). The observed SAC is nearly a straightlinewithaslightplateaunearthecentreandanindicationofasymptoticbehaviouratthe end. The ChaoͲ1 estimator of total species richness predicts that the SRE assemblage in the area consistsofapproximately14species,with95%confidenceintervalbetween13and21species.Most oftheotherrichnessestimatorsresultedinestimatevalueswithinthesameinterval(Table4.5).The MichaelisͲMentenestimatorusedasstoppingruleindicatedthatatthesample175(fulldataset),a total of 17.84 species can potentially occur in the survey area. This number indicates that approximately72%ofthepredictedSREspecieswerecollected.Atthislevelofcollectionsuccess, the possibility of some SRE species not have been recorded cannot bediscounted(potentially3Ͳ4 morespecies).

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25

20

15 Species 

No. 10

5

0 1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 No.Samples

Sobs(MaoTau) MMMeans(1run) Speciesempirical  Figure4.16–SACoftheSREFaunaData



Table4.5–MeanestimatesoftotalspeciesrichnessoftheSREassemblageatJamesPricePointbasedon50 randomisations RichnessEstimators RichnessEstimate ACE 15.2 ICE 15.2 ChaoͲ1 13.7 JackͲ1 15.9 JackͲ2 16.0 Bootstrap 14.6 MichaelisͲMenten 17.8 

4.6 SURVEYLIMITATIONS

ThelimitationsofthesurveyareprovidedbelowinTable4.6.

Restrictedaccesstosomesurveyareaspresentedthemainlimitationofthesurvey.Specifically,the LIAwassurveyedindirectlybysurveyingsimilartypeofhabitatalongtheNEAT,andtheSPareawas not surveyed at all due to logistical constraints.The LIA was located several kilometres from the nearestvehicleaccesstrackandthisaccesstrackwasarelativelylongdistancefromBroomewhere thesurveyteamwasbased.WhilsttheSPareawaslocatedclosetotheManariRoad,logistical(time) constraintspreventeditfrombeingsurveyed.However,thisareawaspreviouslysurveyedbyBiota (2011), in which four potential SREs occurred (Figure 4.4).Woodside safety and security needs requiredtraveltoandfromthesurveyareatoberestrictedtospecificperiodswhichalsopresenteda limitationtotheassessment.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Anothersignificantlimitationwaspoortaxonomicresolutionofsomespecimensduetothelackof taxonomicexperts’knowledgeofthespeciescollected.Thispoortaxonomicresolutioncanmakeit difficulttodeterminethedistributionofthespeciescollectedandthereforethelevelofmanagement theyrequire.

Seasonality may be a potential limiting factor to the current survey as no rainfall occurred immediately before or during the surveys. This limitation exists even given that the surveys were conducted during the late wet season with an aboveaveragerainfalleventoccurringtwomonths priortothesurveys.Ingeneral,2011wasagoodyearforinvertebratesamplingintheprojectarea, howevermembersofsomeSREgroups(i.e.snails,somespiders)areactiveonlyduring,orafewdays before and after, a rainfall event and therefore are less likely to have been collected during the survey.

Table4.6–LimitationsfortheSRESurveyatJamesPricePoint

Constraint Relevant(Yes/No) Comment

WAC SP LIA

SurveyAdequacy No Yes Yes TheSpeciesAccumulationCurveanalysissuggestedthat about72%ofthepotentialSREspecieswerecollectedinthe survey,predictingthatapproximatelyfourpotentialSRE speciesarestillbeingundetected.Whilethesamplingsizein theWACareahasbeenrelativelysufficient,theextrapolation ofdatafromtheNEATsurveyareamaygenerateincomplete speciesdatafortheLIAarea.

PreviousdataexistsfortheSParea(Biota2011)showing3Ͳ4 SREspeciesoccurringthere.NoSPdataexistsforcurrent surveyduetologisticalconstraints.

MethodEfficiency No Yes No ThemethodswereconsistentwiththeEPAGuidance Statement20andcoveredallmainpotentialSREgroups.The limitationintheSPareaisrelatedtothefactthatnosampling couldbeconductedthereduetotimeconstraints.

Seasonality No No No Surveyoccurredduringthelatewetseasonwhichis consistentwiththeEPAGuidanceStatement20.However,no rainfalleventoccurredimmediatelybeforeorafterthe surveys,whichcouldpresentlimitationtoactivityofsome SREgroups.

FieldPersonal No No No Allfieldpersonnelhadaminimumofthreeyearsexperience Experience workingwithterrestrialinvertebrates.

Species Yes N/A Yes ThetaxonomyofmanySREgroupsisunresolved,especiallyin Identification historicallyunderstudiedKimberleyareassuchastheJames Resolution PricePoint.Thelackofknowledgeofthespeciescollected canmakeitdifficulttodeterminethedistributionofthe speciescollectedandthereforethelevelofmanagementthey require.



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5 DISCUSSION

Theliteraturereviewanddatabasesearchesshowedthattherewasahighpotentialforspeciesfrom SRE groups to occur in the project area, including trapͲdoor spiders, scorpions, pseudoscorpions, isopods,snailsandmyriapods.Theseresultswereconfirmedduringthefieldsurveysasspecimens fromallofthesegroupswerecollected.However,noconservationsignificantspecieslistedunder EPBCAct,WCActand/orDEClisthavebeenrecordedintheprojectarea.

Of the 15 species collected from potential SRE groups (Table 4.1), five species were classified as potentialSREs(AnameMYG231,AnameMYG232,Dampetrussp.,Lychas‘JPP’andBuddelundiasp. 1).Atleastoneofthesespecies(Buddelundiasp.1)isexpectedtohavewiderangesbutreference datafromregionalareasarerequiredtoconfirmthisexpectation.Fouroftheremainingspeciesare not SREs (Rhagada bulgana, Quistrachia leptogramma, Lychas ‘multipunctatus’ and Scolopendra laeta)andsixspecies–allpseudoscorpionsandtheUrodacusscorpionͲcouldnothavetheirSRE statusdeterminedbyexpertsduetopoortaxonomicknowledgeand/orjuvenilestatus.

TherewasalowoverlapofspeciesbetweenthissurveyandtheprevioussurveyconductedbyBiota (2011)(Figure4.1andFigure4.2).Ofthe15speciescollectedbyecologiaand12speciescollectedby Biota, only five species (Aname MYG 231, Euryolpium sp., Rhagada bulgana, Quistrachia leptogramma and possibly Urodacus sp.) were collected in both surveys. Regarding the species classifiedaspotentialSREs,onlyone(AnameMYG231)wascollectedduringbothsurveys.Thiscould be partly explained by the fact that Biota surveyed three habitat types (Pindan Shrubland, Open Forest,andMonsoonVineThicket)whileecologiasurveyedonlythetwomostcommonhabitattypes (PindanShrublandandOpenForest)duetologisticalconstraints.Seasonalitybetweenthetwoyears of 2010 and 2011, influencing activity of some groups, could also explain part of the variation. Specifically, the 2010 was a dry year with belowͲaverage rainfall while 2011 was a wet year with aboveaveragerainfallinJanuaryandFebruary(BoM2011).

The test of survey adequacy revealed that approximately 72 % of the predicted SRE species were collected.Suchcollectionsuccessisrelativelylow,giventhat90%andoverisnormallyconsidered adequate.Itis,therefore,likelythatsomeSREspecies(3Ͳ4,aspredictedbysomeoftheestimators) havenotbeencollected.FurthersamplingmayrevealmoreSREspeciesintheprojectarea,especially withintheMonsoonVineThickethabitat,whichhasnotbeensampledinthissurvey.However,the survey undertaken previously by Biota (2011) predominantly surveyed within the SP area and Monsoon Vine Thicket vegetation. Approximately four potential SRE species were previously recordedintheMonsoonVineThicketincludingthespidersAname‘MYG231’andConothelesp.,the snailQuistrachiaandtheunknowngenusofmillipede.Thecurrentsurveyalsorecordedthespider Aname and the snail Quistrachia, but did not record the millipede or the spider Conothele, thus accountingforatleasttwoofthefourpotentialspeciesnotcollectedduringthissurvey.

Habitat types reflect vegetation, underlying geology, soil, surface hydrology and position in the landscape, and provide a reasonable surrogate of habitat parameters in respect to SREs. Nevertheless, the results demonstrated that the invertebrate assemblage of the project area, as determinedfromthecombinedBiotaandecologiadataset,wasnotassociatedwithanyparticular habitat type. This means that each of the three habitat types sampled (Pindan Shrubland, Open ForestandMonsoonVineThicket)supportsasimilarspeciesdiversity.Thedataalsoshowedthatthe speciesoccurinclustersratherthanbeingdistributedhomogeneouslyacrossthehabitattypes.Such distribution is typical of potential SRE groups, reflecting the ‘island’ nature of microhabitats they occupywithinthebroaderhabitattypes(Main1996;Main1999).

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  NoneofthehabitatssurveyedwithintheJamesPricePointBLNGprojectareaareconsideredunique totheproposedimpactareas,norhaveanyuniquefeaturesthatarerestrictedtotheprojectarea.It shouldbenotedthatthethreehabitattypesinwhichtheSREspecieswerelocated,includingthe specificmicrohabitatssuchasundersideofrocksandlogs,clumpsofthickunderstoreyvegetation, deepleaflitterbedsaroundbaseoftreesandlowͲlyingdrainagelines,extendbeyondthelimitsof themappedarea.Thus,theimpactfromtheBLNGdevelopmentonthepotentialSREspeciesinthe areaisexpectedtobelow.

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6 CONCLUSIONS

Themainconclusionsofthesurveywere: x NoconservationsignificantspecieslistedunderEPBCAct,WCActand/orDEClisthavebeen recordedintheprojectarea.

x FifteenspeciesfromsevenpotentialSREgroupswerecollectedduringthesurvey.

x Five species were classified as potential SREs (Aname MYG231, Aname MYG 232, Dampetrussp., Lychas ‘JPP’ and Buddelundia sp. 1), four species were not SREs (Rhagada bulgana, Quistrachia leptogramma, Lychas ‘multipunctatus’andScolopendralaeta)andsix species–allpseudoscorpionsandtheUrodacusscorpionͲcouldnothavetheirSREstatus determinedbyexpertsduetopoortaxonomicknowledgeand/orjuvenilestatus.

x Alowoverlapofspeciesoccurredbetweenthissurveyandtheprevioussurveyconductedby Biota (2011)Ͳonly five species (Aname MYG 231, Euryolpium sp., Rhagada bulgana, Quistrachia leptogramma and possibly Urodacus sp.) were collected in both surveys. Only oneofthesespecieswasapotentialSRE(AnameMYG231).ThiscouldbepartlyduetoBiota surveying three habitat types while ecologia surveyed only the two most common habitat types due to logistical constraints. Seasonality between the two years of 2010 and 2011, influencingactivityofsomegroups,couldalsoexplainpartofthevariation.

x The species accumulation curve showed that whilst the majority of species had been collected,moreSREspecieswerelikelytooccurwithintheProjectareas(3Ͳ4extraspecies).

x Thehabitatassessmentrevealedthateachhabitattype(PindanShrubland,OpenForestand MonsoonVineThicket)supportedsimilarspeciesdiversity.

x None of the habitats in which the potential SRE species were located are unique to the proposedimpactareasnorhaveanyuniquefeaturesthatarerestrictedtotheprojectarea. Thehabitats,includingthespecificmicrohabitatssuchasundersideofrocksandlogs,clumps of thick understorey vegetation, deep leaf litter beds around base of trees and lowͲlying drainagelines,extendbeyondthelimitsofthemappedarea.Thus,theimpactfromtheBLNG developmentonthepotentialSREspeciesintheareaisexpectedtobelow.











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7 REFERENCES

Allen, G. R., Midgley, S. H., and Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. CSIROPublishing,Melbourne,VIC. Beard, J. S. 1979. Kimberley. The vegetation of the Kimberley area. Vegetation Survey of Western Australia 1:1,000,000 series, explanatory notes and map. University of Western Australia Press,Nedlands,WA. Biota Environmental Sciences. 2009. James Price Point Terrestrial Fauna Survey: Wet Season. UnpublishedreportfortheDepartmentofStateDevelopment. Biota.2011.JamesPricePointBrowseLNGPrecinctTargetedTerrestrialFaunaSurvey. BoM. 2011. Climate Data Online, Bureau of Meteorology. Accessed http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/. Brusca,R.C.andBrusca,G.J.2003.Invertebrates,2ndedition.SinauerAssociates,SunderlandMass, USA. Bunge, J. and Fitzpatrick, M. 1993. Estimating the number of species: A review. Journal of the AmericanStatisticalAssociation.88:364Ͳ373. Burbidge, A. H., Harvey, M. S., and McKenzie, N. L. 2000. Biodiversity in the southern Carnarvon Basin.RecordsoftheWesternAustralianMuseum.Supplement61:1Ͳ595. Department of Conservation and Land Management,. 2004. Towards a biodiversity conservation strategyforWesternAustraliaͲdiscussionpaper. Chessman,B.C.1995.Rapidassessmentofriversusingmacroinvertebrates:Aprocedurebasedon habitatͲspecificsampling,familylevelidentificationandabioticindex.AustralianJournalof Ecology.20:122Ͳ129. Clarke, K. R. 1993. NonͲparametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. AustralianJournalofEcology.18:117Ͳ143. Colwell, R. K. 2009. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples.Version8. Colwell, R. K. and Coddington, J. A. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. PhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSociety(SeriesB).345:101Ͳ118. CommonwealthGovernment.1996.TheNaturalStrategyfortheconservationofAustralia'sBiological Diversity. in Department of the Environment, S. a. T., ed. Commonweath of Australia, canberra. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2010. Maps: Australia'sbioregions(IBRA) ecologiaEnvironment.2010.CloudbreakShortͲRangeEndemicDesktopAssessment.ReportPrepared forFortescueMetalsGroup. Edgecombe, G. D., Giribet, G., and Wheeler, W. C. 2002. Phylogeny of Henicopidae (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha): a combined analysis of morphology and five molecular loci. Systematic Entomology.27:31Ͳ64. EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority.2002.PositionStatementNo.3:TerrestrialBiologicalSurveysas anElementofBiodiversityProtection.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Environmental Protection Authority. 2004. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors No.56:TerrestrialFaunaSurveysforEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentinWesternAustralia. 28June2004 EnvironmentalProtectionAuthority.2009.GuidancefortheAssessmentofEnvironmentalFactors, Statement No 20:SamplingofShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaforEnvironmental ImpactAssessmentinWesternAustralia. Gaston,K.J.1996.Speciesrichness:measureandmeasurement.In:Biodiversity,abiologyofnumber anddifference.BlackwellScience,Cambridge. Graham, G. 2001. Dampierland 2 (DL2 – Pindanland subregion). A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia's53BiogeographicSubregionsin2002 DepartmentofEnvironmentandConservation,Perth. Hammer,Ø.,Harper,D.A.T.,andRyan,P.D.2001.PAST:PaleontologicalStatisticsSoftwarePackage forEducationandDataAnalysis.PalaeontologiaElectronica.4. Harvey,M.S.1991.ThePseudoscorpionidaandSchizomidaoftheKimberleyrainforests..pp.265Ͳ 268.KimberleyRainforests.SurreyBeattyandSons,Sydney. Harvey,M.S.1996.TheBiogeographyofGondwananpseudoscorpions(Arachnida).RevueSuissede Zoologie.1:255Ͳ264. Harvey,M.S.2002.ShortͲrangeendemismamongtheAustralianfauna:someexamplesfromnonͲ marineenvironments.InvertebrateSystematics.16:555Ͳ570. Hill,R.S.E.1994.HistoryofAustralianVegetation:CretaceoustoRecent.CambridgeUniversityPress, Cambridge,UK. University of Western Australia. 2010. Phylogenetic Studies on Quistrachia and Rhagada snails relevanttotheJamesPricePointcoastalarea. Johnson, M. S., Hamilton, Z. R., Murphy, C. E., MacLeay, C. A., Roberts, B., and Kendrick, P. 2004. EvolutionarygeneticsofislandandmainlandspeciesofRhagada(Gastropoda:Pulmonata)in thePilbaraRegion,WesternAustralia.AustralianJournalofZoology.52:341Ͳ355. 2010.PhylogeneticStudiesonRhagada&QuistrachiaRelevanttotheJamesPricePointCoastalArea. Judd, S., Horwitz, P., and D., J. 2008. Distribution patterns of inland aquatic and terrestrial malacostracancrustaceansinsouthͲwesternAustralia.UnpublishedReport. Koch,L.E.1981.ThescorpionsofAustralia:aspectsoftheirecologyandzoogeography.pp.875Ͳ884 inKeast,A.,ed.EcologicalBiogeographyofAustralia.Monogr.Biol.41(2). Lewis,J.G.E.1981.TheBiologyofCentipedes.CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge. Main, B. Y. 1982. Adaptations to arid habitats by mygalomorph spiders in Barker, W. R., and Greenslade, P. J. M., eds. Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia. Peacock Publications. Main,B.Y.1987.Ecologicaldisturbanceandconservationofspiders:implicationsforbiogeographic relicsinsouthwesternAustralia.pp.89Ͳ97inMajer,J.D.,ed.TheRoleofInvertebratesin Conservation and Biological Survey . Department of Conservation and Land Management Report,Perth. Main,B.Y.1996.TerrestrialinvertebratesinsouthͲwestAustralianforests:theroleofrelictspecies and habitatsinreservedesign.JournaloftheRoyalSocietyofWesternAustralia.79:277Ͳ 280.

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  Main,B.Y.1999.BiologicalanachronismsamongtrapdoorspidersreflectAustraliasenvironmental changessincetheMesozoicinPonder,W.,andLunney,D.,eds.TheOther99%.Transactions oftheRoyalZoologicalSocietyofNewSouthWales,Mosman2088. McKenzie,N.L.,Dyne,G.R.1991.EarthwormsofrainforestsoilsintheKimberley,WesternAustralia inN.L.McKenzie,R.B.J.a.P.G.K.,ed.KimberleyrainforestsofAustralia McKenzie,N.L.,Halse,S.A.,andGibson,N.2000.Somegapsinthereservesystemofthesouthern CarnarvonBasin,WesternAustralia.RecordsoftheWesternAustralianMuseum.Supplement 61. McKenzie,N.L.andKenneally,K.F.1983.PartI:BackgroundandEnvironmentpp.5Ͳ23inMcKenzie, N. L., ed. Wildlife of the Dampier Peninsula, SouthͲwest Kimberley, Western Australia. Western Australian Wildlife Research Centre, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Perth, WesternAustralia. Ponder,W.F.andColgan,D.J.2002.WhatmakesanarrowͲrangetaxon?InsightsfromAustralian freshwatersnails.InvertebrateSystematics.16. Raven, R. J. 1981. A review of the Australian genera of Myglomorph spider subfamily Diplurinae (Dipluridae:Chelicerata).AustralianJournalofZoology.29:321Ͳ363. Raven, R. J. 1982. Systematics of the Australian mygalomorph spider genus Ixamatus Simon (Diplurinae:Dipluridae:Chelicerata).AustralianJournalofZoology.30. Raven,R.J.1985.ARevisionoftheAnamepallidaSpeciesͲgroupinNorthernAustralia(Anaminae: Nemesiidae:Araneae).AustralianJournalofZoology.33:377Ͳ409. Shepherd,D.P.,Beeston,G.R.,andHopkins,A.J.M.2002.NativeVegetationinWesternAustralia. TechnicalReport249.DepartmentofAgriculture,WesternAustralia,SouthPerth. SlackͲSmith, S. and Whisson, C. 2011. Land Snails from the James Price Point area, Kimberley, WesternAustralia.WesternAuistralianMuseum. Solem, A. 1997. Camaenid land snails from Western and Central Ausrtalia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). VII. Taxa from Dampierland through the Nullabor. Records of the Western AustralianMuseum.Supplement50:1461Ͳ1906. Wright,S.1943.Isolationbydistance.Genetics.28:114Ͳ138.  

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APPENDIXA EXPLANATIONOFCONSERVATIONCODES



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AppendixA1 DefinitionsofrelevantcategoriesundertheEnvironmentProtectionandBiodiversity ConservationAct.1999 Category Definition Thespeciesislikelytobecomeextinctunlessthecircumstancesandfactorsthreateningits abundance,survivalorevolutionarydevelopmentceasetooperate;oritsnumbershavebeen Endangered(EN) reducedtosuchacriticallevel,oritshabitatshavebeensodrasticallyreduced,thatitisinimmediate dangerofextinction. Withinthenext25years,thespeciesislikelytobecomeendangeredunlessthecircumstancesand Vulnerable(VU) factorsthreateningitsabundance,survivalorevolutionarydevelopmentceasetooperate. 

AppendixA2 DefinitionofSchedulesundertheWildlifeConservationAct1950. Schedule Definition Faunawhicharerareoflikelytobecomeextinct,aredeclaredtobefaunathatisinneedofspecial Schedule1(S1) protection. Faunawhicharepresumedtobeextinct,aredeclaredtobefaunathatisinneedofspecies Schedule2(S2) protection. BirdswhicharesubjecttoanagreementbetweenthegovernmentsofAustraliaandJapanrelatingto Schedule3(S3) theprotectionofmigratorybirdsandbirdsindangerofextinction,aredeclaredtobefaunathatisin needofspeciesprotection. Declaredtobefaunathatisinneedofspeciesprotection,otherwisethanforthereasonsmentioned Schedule4(S4) above. 

AppendixA3 DefinitionofDepartmentofEnvironmentandConservationPriorityCodes. Priority Definition Taxawithfew,poorlyknownpopulationsonthreatenedlands. Taxawhichareknownfromfewspecimensorsightrecordsfromoneorafewlocalities,onlandsnot Priority1(P1) managedforconservation,e.g.agriculturalorpastorallands,urbanareas,activemineralleases.The taxonneedsurgentsurveyandevaluationofconservationstatusbeforeconsiderationcanbegiven todeclarationasthreatenedfauna. Taxawithfew,poorlyknownpopulationsonconservationlands. Taxawhichareknownfromfewspecimensorsightrecordsfromoneorafewlocalities,onlandsnot Priority2(P2) underimmediatethreatofhabitatdestructionordegradation,e.g.nationalparks,conservation parks,naturereserves,Stateforest,vacantcrownland,waterreserves,etc.Thetaxonneedsurgent surveyandevaluationofconservationstatusbeforeconsiderationcanbegiventodeclarationas threatenedfauna. Taxawithseveral,poorlyknownpopulations,someonconservationlands. Taxawhichareknownfromfewspecimensorsightrecordsfromseverallocalities,someofwhichare Priority3(P3) onlandsnotunderimmediatethreatofhabitatdestructionordegradation.Thetaxonneedsurgent surveyandevaluationofconservationstatusbeforeconsiderationcanbegiventodeclarationas threatenedfauna. Taxainneedofmonitoring.

Priority4(P4) Taxawhichareconsideredtohavebeenadequatelysurveyed,orforwhichsufficientknowledgeis available,andwhichareconsiderednotcurrentlythreatenedorinneedofspecialprotection,but couldifpresentcircumstanceschange.Thesetaxaareusuallyrepresentedonconservationlands. Taxainneedofmonitoring. Priority5(P5) Taxawhicharenotconsideredthreatenedbutaresubjecttoaspecificconservationprogram,the cessationofwhichwouldresultinthespeciesbecomingthreatenedwithinfiveyears.

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 APPENDIXB DAILYWEATHERDATADURINGSURVEYS

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AppendixB Dailyweatherdataduringsurveys

 Date MeanMinimum MeanMaximum Rainfall(mm) Temperature Temperature (°C) (°C) Survey1(Workers'Accommodation) 10/4/2011 25.8 35.2 0 11/4/2011 22.6 35.2 0 12/4/2011 21.3 34.5 0 13/4/2011 22.4 34.9 0 14/4/2011 22.4 34.8 0 15/4/2011 23.3 35.6 0 16/4/2011 23.2 34.7 0 17/4/2011 22.7 33.9 0 18/4/2011 17.8 30.4 0 19/4/2011 15.4 31.5 0 20/4/2011 15.5 32.5 0 21/4/2011 15.8 33.4 0 Survey2(SouthernPipelineandLIA) 27/4/2011 19.4 32.6 0 28/4/2011 22.1 33.8 0 29/4/2011 20.9 32.8 0 30/4/2011 22.2 31.4 0 1/5/2011 22.2 33.8 0 2/5/2011 21.7 32.3 0 3/5/2011 21.1 33.4 0 4/5/2011 20.8 33.5 0 5/5/2011 22.9 29.1 0 6/5/2011 21.5 28.4 0 7/5/2011 20.3 26.7 0.4 8/5/2011 20.3 28.4 0

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APPENDIXC SITEDESCRIPTIONS









































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AppendixC SitedescriptionsandCoordinates(DatumWGS84) VegetationandHabitatDescription SitePhoto InvertebrateTrapSite01  Habitattype:PindanShrubland Corymbiagreenianaopenwoodland,over Acaciaeriopodashrubland,areasofTriodia schinziidensehummockgrasslandanand Chrysopogonpallidusopentussockgrassland onpindansand.Leaflitterconcentrated undertrees/shrubs,withadepthof1Ͳ5cm. Sitehasafirehistoryof1Ͳ5years,withno evidenceofdisturbance. Coordinates:51K,417212mE,8053851mN  InvertebrateTrapSite02  Habitattype:PindanShrubland Corymbiazygophyllaopenwoodland,over densemixedacaciashrublandоAcacia eriopodadominantwithAcaciaplatycarpa, Premnaacuminata,Clerodendrum floribundumoverAristidahygrometricaand Chrysopogonpallidustussockgrasslandon pindansand.Leaflitterconcentratedunder trees/shrubs,withadepthof1Ͳ5cm.Sitehas afirehistoryof1Ͳ5years,withnoevidence ofdisturbance. Coordinates:51K,414399mE,8054569mN  InvertebrateTrapSite03  Habitattype:PindanShrubland Eucalyptusminiataopenlowtreesover denseAcaciaeriopodaandDodonaea hispidulashrublandoverChrysopogon pallidusopentussockgrasslandonpindan sand.Leaflitterconcentratedunder trees/shrubs,withadepthof1Ͳ5cm.Sitehas afirehistoryof1Ͳ5years,withnoevidence ofdisturbance Coordinates:51K,413039mE,8064674mN 

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VegetationandHabitatDescription SitePhoto InvertebrateTrapSite04  Habitattype:OpenForest Eucalyptusminiataopenwoodlandover openAcaciatumidashrublandoveropen Eriachneobtusa,Chrysopogonpallidusopen tussockgrasslandonyellowinland sandplains.Leaflitterconcentratedunder trees/shrubs,withadepthof1Ͳ5cm.Sitehas afirehistoryof1Ͳ5years,withnoevidence ofdisturbance. Coordinates:51K,415397mE,8069240mN    InvertebrateTrapSite05 Habitattype:OpenWoodland Eucalyptusminiataopenwoodlandover openAcaciatumidashrublandoveropen Eriachneobtusa,Chrysopogonpallidusopen tussockgrasslandonyellowinland sandplains.Leaflitterconcentratedunder trees/shrubs,withadepthof1Ͳ5cm.Sitehas afirehistoryof1Ͳ5years,withnoevidence ofdisturbance.  Coordinates:51K,412254mE,8064097mN   















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APPENDIXD RECORDOFSPECIESFROMWAMDATABASESEARCH ANDPREVIOUSSURVEYS

































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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment  AppendixD RecordofSpeciesfromWAMDatabaseSearchandPreviousSurveys   ConservationStatus  2009) 2011)    Search  (Biota (Biota  

Order/SuborderandSpecies Survey  Point Point EPBCAct WCAct* DEC   Database This  Price Price   WAM James James

Araneomorphae Scytodes sp. X Mygalomorphae Aname 'MYG231' X Aname 'MYG232' X ?Aganippe `sp. (female)` X Aname `sp. (female)` X Aname `sp. (juv).` X Synothele `MYG179` X Synothele `MYG179 (female)' X Conothele `sp. (female sp. 2)` X Conothele `sp. (juv. sp. 1).` X Conothele `sp. (juv. sp. 2).` X Missulena `sp. (female)` X Synothele `MYG179` X X Opiliones Dampetrus sp. X Scorpiones Lychas 'JPP' X Lychas multipunctatus' X Urodacus `JP` X X X Urodacus `rugosus` X X X Urodacus sp. Indet X Pseudoscorpiones Austrohorus sp X Beierolpium sp. 8/4' X Beierolpium sp. (juv)' X Euryolpium sp. X X Indolpium sp. X Gastropoda Quistrachia leptogramma X X X X Rhagada bulgana X X X X Amplirhagada astuta VU Amplirhagada herbertena   P1 Amplirhagada montalivetensis   P1 Amplirhagada novelta   P1 Amplirhagada questroana   P1 Baudinella baudinensis   P3 Carinotrachia carsoniana VU

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 WoodsideEnergyLtd JamesPricePoint:LightIndustrialArea,Workers’AccommodationandSouthernPipeline ShortRangeEndemicInvertebrateFaunaAssessment    ConservationStatus  2009) 2011)    Search  (Biota (Biota  

Order/SuborderandSpecies Survey  Point Point EPBCAct WCAct* DEC   Database This  Price Price   WAM James James

Cristilabrum bubulum EN Cristilabrum buryillum CR Cristilabrum grossum CR Cristilabrum isolatum EN Cristilabrum monodon CR Cristilabrum primum CR Cristilabrum rectum CR Cristilabrum simplex CR Cristilabrum solitudum CR Cristilabrum spectaculum EN Damochlora millepunctata   P1 Damochlora spina   P3 Dupucharopa millestriata   P2 Gastrocopta cf. bannertonenis    X Glacidorbis occidentalis   P2 Hadra wilsoni   P2 Kimboraga exanimus   P3 Kimboraga micromphala   P2 Kimboraga yammerana   P1 Magilaoma sp.    X Mouldingia occidentalis CR Mouldingia orientalis VU Ningbingia australis australis CR Ningbingia australis elongata CR Ningbingia bulla CR Ningbingia dentiens CR Ningbingia laurina CR Ningbingia octava CR Ningbingia res CR Ordtrachia elegans CR Physa ?acuta    X Pilsbrycharopa tumida   P1 Prymnbriareus nimberlinus   P3 Pupoides pacificus    X Rhagada gibbensis   P1 Rhagada harti   P2 Rhagada reinga    X Rhagada spp.    X Torresitrachia thedana   P1 Turgenitubulus christenseni EN Turgenitubulus costus CR

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ConservationStatus    2009) 2011)    Search  (Biota (Biota  

Order/SuborderandSpecies Survey  Point Point EPBCAct WCAct* DEC   Database This  Price Price   WAM James James

Turgenitubulus depressus CR Turgenitubulus foramenus CR Turgenitubulus opiranus CR Turgenitubulus pagodula VU Turgenitubulus tanmurrana CR Westraltrachia alterna VU Westraltrachia inopinata VU Westraltrachia lievreana   P1 Westraltrachia recta   P1 Westraltrachia subtila   P1 Westraltrachia turbinata VU Isopoda Buddelunida sp. 1 X Chilopoda Pilbarascutigera incola X Scolopendra laeta X Diplopoda Pachybolidae X *NoneofthespeciesarelistedundertheWCAct

















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