How a Few Simple Things Changed History Class 8 William A. Reader E-mail:
[email protected] 1 1 What We Will Cover Today • Clock – Consequences of the Clock – Clocks & Navigation – Watches • Steamboat/Steamship • Typewriter • Air Conditioner 2 2 Consequences of the Clock - 4 • Gave rise to the concept that time was something that could be saved and used • Gave rise to the notion of “being on time” • Once railroads and steamships came on the scene, gave rise to timetables 3 3 Consequences of the Clock - 5 • The clock created the idea of a numerically quantified and mechanical universe – Gave rise in the 18 th century to the Deist notion that the universe was analogous to a clock that God wound up at the beginning of time and allowed to unwind in accordance with Newtonian laws • Deism provided the first intellectual challenge to Christianity since the rise of Islam 4 Deist God - The overall impact of the deists was to achieve a major transformation in the concept of God. The Deist God was the God of all the universe, compatible, as Alexander Pope said, with the new astronomy and natural science. The Deist God was a law-making and law-abiding deity, identified with the 'unending repetitions and orderly behavior of nature. He did not intervene in nature to perform miracles nor did He became incarnate as a man. Thus, the Deists denied the Trinity, the divinity of Christ, the possibility of divine revelation, Original Sin, and the Bible as the Word of God. Prominent deists included Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Maximilien Robespierre, and Immanuel Kant.