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Which Theory Applies: an Analysis of Information Systems Research Publications 2006 Which Theory Applies: An Analysis of Information Systems Research Leila Halawi Bethune-Cookman University, [email protected] Richard McCarthy Quinnipiac University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Part of the Management Information Systems Commons, and the Technology and Innovation Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Halawi, L., & McCarthy, R. (2006). Which Theory Applies: An Analysis of Information Systems Research. Issues in Information Systems, 7(2). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/317 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHICH THEORY APPLIES: AN ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH Leila Halawi, Cookman College, [email protected] Richard McCarthy, Quinnipiac University, [email protected] ABSTRACT research, management science, sociology, economics, and psychology. Research in information systems has rapidly expanded during its relatively brief existence. IT Our purpose is to identify the significant IT theories. offers organizations a fundamental decision- We begin with a review of their theoretical enhancing environment that extends new fundamentals. We then highlight their importance opportunities, therefore producing thriving, and discuss their implications. competitive firms, adding business value and offering valuable products and services to customers. CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT Research within the IT domain has produced several new theories, some of which have been used to help The growth of the Internet, the globalization of trade, explain and predict end-user use of technologies. We and the rise of information economies have raised the provide a comprehensive overview of the major IT importance of information systems within theories and review their theoretical fundamentals. organizations. It is imperative that researchers and practitioners recognize how information technologies Keywords: Adaptive Structuration Theory, DeLone shape the business world. The study of management and McLean Information Success Model, Diffusion information systems (MIS) appeared in the 1970s to of Innovation Theory, Task Technology Fit, concentrate on the use of computer-based Technology Acceptance Model, Unified Theory of information systems in business firms and Acceptance and Use of Technology government agencies [10]. INTRODUCTION There are a number of approaches to tackle the conceptual development of the MIS discipline. One is What distinguished societies in the preceding 200 to emphasize those fundamental contributions to the years is the tendency of successive revolutions that MIS literature [4, 16, 26, 33]. A second approach shaped the way people earned their living and at the investigates the growth and evolution of major MIS same time identified the essential utensils to attain textbooks. power. Three eras are apparent. The agricultural era lasted through the late 1800s. The industrial era Information Systems Theories extended from the late 1800s until the early 1960s. The information era began in the 1960s [11]. This The significant information systems theories include newest era has also been called the third wave [39], the following: the digital economy [[38], the network economy [37], the knowledge-based economy [30], and the era of 1. Structuration models explain how technological knowledge-based organizations [6]. change influences organization design over time. Adaptive structuration theory (AST) is based on Interest and writing in the field of information Gidden’s structuration theory. DeSanctis and Poole systems started in the late 1960s and grew throughout [15] adapted Giddens’ theory to investigate the the 1970s. Through this age, educational institutions interface between organizations and information initiated degree programs in MIS along with its systems. AST condemns the technocentric view of curriculum development. The emergence of technology use and stresses the social aspects. AST is conceptual material had immense implications a feasible approach for examining the role of throughout this time. Various perspectives on advanced information technologies in organization information systems demonstrate its study is a change. AST observes the change process from two multidisciplinary field. No definite theory or ends: (1) the variety of structures that are presented perspective rules. The major disciplines that by the advanced technologies and (2) the structures contribute include computer science, operations that surface as individuals interact with these technologies. The AST could be applied to examine Volume VII, No. 2, 2006 252 Issues in Information Systems Which Theory Applies: An Analysis of Information Systems Research the beginning of numerous innovations and objects that result in a new item. Accordingly, demonstrate how the structures of these innovations Diffusion of Innovations identifies “four critical invaded and impacted societies and how the social elements in the diffusion process: (a) the innovation, structures of those societies consecutively influenced (b) its communication from one individual to another, and adapted the innovations’ fundamental objectives. (c) the social system, and (d) over time" [34, p.12]. Rogers [34, 35] presents the notion of adopter 2. DeLone and Mclean’s model is viewed as a categories. Adopter categories are “the classifications comprehensive IS assessment model [12, 29, 36] that of members in a social system on the basis of is based on a review and integration of 180 research innovativeness" [35, p. 22]. These classifications studies. In that study a comprehensive classification include innovators (venturesome), early adopters was introduced that provided six major categories of (respect), early majority (deliberate), late majority information systems success. The six major (skeptical), and laggards (traditional). The rate of categories of IS success include (1) system quality, adoption of innovations is impacted by five factors: (2) information quality, (3) use, (4) user satisfaction, relative advantage, compatibility, trialibility, (5) individual impact, and (6) organizational impact observability, and complexity [35]. Applying this [12]. Each of these variables is a composite of concept, Rogers hypothesized that the innovativeness numerous and diverse constructs and measures. They variable is normally distributed over time and the argue that when measuring IS success, researchers adopter categories divide the distribution by standard should systematically combine measures from their deviations from the average time. Conversely, six IS success categories. They also stress the need Mahajan, Muller, and Srivastava [27] question this for additional research to test the model and for the assumption of normality and state that there is no selection of each IS success dimension. They present empirical evidence or validation on the size of the their results in terms of an IS Success Model as adopter categories being equal. Moore and Benbaset follows: [28] expanded on the five factors, producing eight factors: voluntariness, relative advantage, System quality and information quality impact both compatibility, image, ease of use, result use and user satisfaction. The amount of use can demonstrability, visibility, and trialibility that affect user satisfaction positively or negatively. Use influence the adoption of IT. and user satisfaction are direct antecedents of individual impact which results in impact on the 4. The knowledge-based view of the firm [21, 22] organization [12]. builds upon and extends the resource-based theory of the firm initially promoted by Penrose [32] and Several articles have been published which directly expanded by others [1]. It discusses the facets to or indirectly validate, challenge, critique or extend knowledge integration (efficiency, scope and the model itself [13]. Researchers such as Myers, flexibility) and the four primary mechanisms by Kappelman and Prybutok [29] have proposed which knowledge is coordinated (rules and directives, modification to DeLone and McLean’s IS success sequencing, routines and group problem solving and model to include service quality. The changes in the decision making). The knowledge-based perspective reformulated IS Success Model are largely changes in postulates that the services rendered by tangible degree, not in the scope of the variables that comprise resources depend on how they are combined and the model [13, 14]. applied, which is in turn a function of the firm’s know-how [1]. Knowledge-based resources are 3. Diffusion theory, initially developed for farming usually difficult to imitate and are socially complex; technologies, has been modified and utilized in therefore, the knowledge-based view of the firm several other disciplines and technologies, resulting posits that these knowledge assets may produce long- in a technique that is methodologically and term sustainable competitive advantage [1]. empirically mature [34]. Diffusion of Innovation theory (DIT) perceives innovations as being 5. Goodhue and Thompson [20] postulated that for an communicated through specific channels over time information system to have a positive impact on and within a particular social system. Rogers states, individual performance, the technology should be "diffusion is the process by which an innovation is exploited and must
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