Messrs Bowe, Land Adjacent to Elizabeth Terrace
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MESSRS BOWE, LAND ADJACENT TO ELIZABETH TERRACE, WHITEHAVEN, CUMBRIA HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT February 2017 Wardell Armstrong Cocklakes Yard, Carlisle, Cumbria CA4 0BQ, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)1228 564820 Fax: +44(0)1228 560025 www.wa‐archaeology.com DATE ISSUED: February 2017 JOB NUMBER: CL11940 OASIS REFERENCE: wardella2‐275258 REPORT NUMBER: RPT‐001 GRID REFERENCE: NX 98575 19111 MESSRS BOWE LAND ADJACENT TO ELIZABETH CRESCENT, WHITEHAVEN, CUMBRIA HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT February 2017 PREPARED BY: EDITED BY: APPROVED BY: Cat Peters Richard Newman Frank Giecco Researcher Project Manager Technical Director This report has been prepared by Wardell Armstrong with all reasonable skill, care and diligence, within the terms of the Contract with the Client. The report is confidential to the Client and Wardell Armstrong accepts no responsibility of whatever nature to third parties to whom this report may be made known. No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written approval of Wardell Armstrong. DESK BASED ASSESSMENTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION Wardell Armstrong is the trading name of Wardell Armstrong LLP, Registered in England No. OC307138. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY Registered office: Sir Henry Doulton House, Forge Lane, Etruria, Stoke‐on‐Trent, ST1 5BD, United Kingdom TOPOGRAPHIC AND LANDSCAPE SURVEY HISTORIC BUILDING RECORDING UK Offices: Stoke‐on‐Trent, Cardiff, Carlisle, Edinburgh, Greater Manchester, London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Sheffield, Taunton, Truro, West Bromwich. International Offices: Almaty, Moscow ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Messrs Bowe Elizabeth Crescent, Whitehaven Heritage Impact Assessment CONTENTS SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. 2 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Circumstances of Project ............................................................................................ 3 1.2 The Purpose of the Heritage Impact Assessment ..................................................... 3 1.3 National Planning Policy and Legislative Framework ............................................... 3 1.4 Local Planning Policies ................................................................................................ 4 2 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Documentary Sources ................................................................................................ 5 2.3 Site Visit ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Impact Assessment Tables ......................................................................................... 5 2.5 Heritage Impact Assessment ...................................................................................... 6 2.6 Reporting .................................................................................................................... 7 2.7 Glossary ....................................................................................................................... 7 3 DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Location and Geology ................................................................................................. 8 3.2 Historic Landscape Character ..................................................................................... 8 3.3 Archaeological and Historical Background ................................................................ 8 3.4 Previous Archaeological Works ................................................................................ 18 3.5 Designated Heritage Assets ...................................................................................... 18 3.6 Undesignated Heritage Assets ................................................................................. 18 3.7 The Character of the Development ......................................................................... 18 4 SITE VISIT .......................................................................................................................... 20 5 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................... 24 5.1 Summary of Heritage Asset Significance ................................................................. 24 5.2 Magnitude of Impact on Heritage Assets ................................................................ 24 5.3 Heritage Statement .................................................................................................. 25 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................. 26 6.1 Primary Sources ........................................................................................................ 26 6.2 Secondary Sources .................................................................................................... 27 6.3 Internet Sources ....................................................................................................... 28 6.4 Other Sources ........................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX 1: HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT TABLES ........................................................... 30 CL11940/RPT‐001 February 2017 Messrs Bowe Elizabeth Crescent, Whitehaven Heritage Impact Assessment APPENDIX 2: LIST OF HERITAGE ASSETS .................................................................................. 33 APPENDIX 3: FIGURES .............................................................................................................. 39 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES Figure 1: Site location Figure 2: Detailed site location Figure 3: Location of heritage assets within an 800m radius of the study area Figure 4: Hodskinson and Donald’s Plan of Cumberland, 1774 Figure 5: Plan of Akebank Tenement and Harras Park, nd Figure 6: Plan of Harris Park, c. 1810 Figure 7: Wood’s Plan of the Borough of Whitehaven, 1830 Figure 8: Creighton’s Plan of Whitehaven, 1835 Figure 9: First Edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1863 Figure 10: Brodie’s Plan of the Parliamentary and Municipal Borough of Whitehaven, 1894 Figure 11: Second Edition Ordnance Survey Map, 1899 Figure 12: Third Ordnance Survey Map, 1925 Figure 13: Ordnance Survey Map, 1962 PLATES Plate 1: RCHME Prospect of Whitehaven from the Sea by Jan Wyck, 1686 10 Plate 2: Read’s View of Whitehaven Port, c. 1715 (after Burkett 1995) 11 Plate 3: Google Earth imagery, 31st December 2003 18 Plate 4: General view of site from Scilly Bank to the east, facing west 20 Plate 5: Public footpath to the east of the site, facing north‐north‐east 21 Plate 6: Eastern set of gate stoops, facing north‐west 21 Plate 7: Western set of gate stoops, facing south 22 Plate 8: Eastern stone gate stoop, facing east 22 Plate 9: Western stone gate stoop, facing east 22 Plate 10: Southern field boundary from south‐east of site, facing west‐north‐west 23 Plate 11: Southern field boundary from western extent of site, facing south‐east 23 CL11940/RPT‐001 February 2017 Messrs Bowe Elizabeth Crescent, Whitehaven Heritage Impact Assessment SUMMARY Wardell Armstrong was commissioned by Messrs Bowe to undertake a Heritage Impact Assessment for land adjacent to Elizabeth Crescent, Whitehaven (NGR: NX 98575 19111) to support a planning application for a development at the site. This work comprised a consultation of sources relating to the area’s development and a site visit. This Heritage Impact Assessment summarised the results of the research and site visit. This Heritage Impact Assessment is designed to show the impact on the heritage significance of upstanding heritage assets within the 800m study area, and the potential for encountering as‐yet unknown heritage assets within the site boundary. The proposed development site has been found to lie within agricultural land associated with Harras Park Farm. During the mid to late 18th century, the wider environs was exploited by Sir James Lowther’s Whingill mining landscape, and six associated pits with adjoining waggonways and quarries dotting the area. At around this time, the land was reorganised into smaller fields, and a former field boundary dating to this period once lay within the proposed development site. Before this, the land was known as Harras Park, an area consisting of ten plots of land, the proposed development site being within a plot known as ‘Long Rush’. Harras Park originated as a tract of land associated with Holme Cultram Abbey. It was a grange in existence by 1220 as a monastic grange, and it could be that the present Harras Park Farm is on the site of the foundation. The present southern boundary of the proposed development site, a typical Cumbrian kest, has been found to have traces dating back to at least the late 17th century, and may be of medieval origin. This study found that a development within the site boundary would