Springer MRW: [AU:0, IDX:0]

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Springer MRW: [AU:0, IDX:0] Genregeschichte im Hollywoodkino Anja Peltzer Inhalt 1 Einleitung: Hollywoods Genrekino aus historisch-ökonomischer Perspektive ............. 2 2 Hollywood – Absolute Beginner ............................................................. 2 3 Das Studiosystem – Absolute Kontrolle ..................................................... 3 4 Blockbuster – Absolutes Spektakel .......................................................... 11 5 Fazit: Genrekino aus Hollywood – Absolute Wiederholung? ............................... 15 Literatur ........................................................................................... 17 Zusammenfassung Die Geschichte des Genrekinos aus Hollywood steht zum einen für die Etablie- rung eines ästhetischen Repertoires aus filmischen Mustern, die immer wieder und immer wieder neu in Szene gesetzt werden. Gleichzeitig steht sie auch für die Entwicklung einer hoch effizienten Industrie, die durch die standardisierte und radikal am Markt orientierte Filmproduktion maximale Gewinne erwirtschaften konnte. Um die Genregeschichte im Hollywoodkino nachzeichnen zu können, muss daher auch eine historisch-ökonomische Perspektive eingenommen werden. Dies ist Aufgabe und Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels, der zu diesem Zweck bei den Entstehungsjahren der Filmindustrie in Hollywood beginnt, anschließend auf die Etablierung und den Zerfall des Studiosystems eingeht, bevor dann auf das global erfolgreiche Megagenre ‚Blockbuster‘ eingegangen wird. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Blick auf das Verhältnis von Genrekino und Gesellschaft. Schlüsselwörter Hollywood · Genre · Studiosystem · Blockbuster · Medienökonomie A. Peltzer (*) Institut für Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Universität Mannheim, Mannheim, Deutschland E-Mail: [email protected] # Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2018 1 M. Stiglegger (Hrsg.), Handbuch Filmgenre, Springer Reference Geisteswissenschaften, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09631-1_16-1 2 A. Peltzer 1 Einleitung: Hollywoods Genrekino aus historisch- ökonomischer Perspektive Zu der Geschichte des Genrekinos in Hollywood gehört neben den vielen verschie- denen filmischen Genrebegründern und den nicht minder zahlreichen Filmen, die mit etablierten Genreregeln gebrochen und damit wiederum Genregeschichte geschrieben haben, vor allen Dingen auch die Entwicklung Hollywoods zu einem der weltweit erfolgreichsten Produktionsstandorten der Filmbranche. Denn unab- hängig davon, von welchen Genres noch die Rede sein wird, gilt immer: „The only thing Hollywood likes more than a good movie is a good deal“ (Robb 2004, S. 25). Die Genregeschichte im Hollywoodkino nachzuzeichnen, heißt somit zum einen den Blick auf die einzelnen Genres zu richten, wie es in diesem Band u. a. geschieht und zum anderen auch die Produktionsgeschichte Hollywoods zu fokussieren und damit eine historisch-ökonomische Perspektive einzunehmen. Letzteres ist Aufgabe und Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels, der zu diesem Zweck bei einigen wenigen Filmema- chern beginnt, die sich um 1900 nach Hollywood aufmachten, um dort Filme jenseits des bis dato etablierten Mainstreams drehen zu können (Abschn. 1). An- schließend wird auf die Etablierung und den Zerfall des Studiosystems eingegangen, innerhalb dessen der Genrefilm zur Höchstform aufgelaufen ist (Abschn. 2), bevor dann die Entwicklung des global erfolgreichen Megagenres ‚Blockbuster‘ skizziert wird (Abschn. 3). Das Fazit (Abschn. 4) schließt den Artikel ab und hinterfragt das Verhältnis von Zeitgeist und (global) erfolgreichem Kino. 2 Hollywood – Absolute Beginner Ausgerechnet die Frau eines Prohibitionisten, der für den gemeinsamen Lebens- abend ca. 48 Hektar in der Nähe von Los Angeles erstanden hatte, taufte den Ort auf den Namen ‚Hollywood‘. Als sich das Paar dort 1894 niederließ, lebten dort vielleicht einige hundert Menschen. Dies sollte sich jedoch rasch ändern. Den Anfang macht Regisseur Francis Boggs, der dort 1907 mit seinem Filmteam auf- tauchte. Das milde Klima lockte ihn, in der Hoffnung dort verlässlicher und weniger aufwendig arbeiten zu können. 1909 folgte ihm sein Kollege D. W. Griffith und 1911 eröffnete die Firma Nestor das erste Studio am noch recht einsamen Sunset Boule- vard und produzierte – dank des stabilen und milden Klimas – einen Film nach dem anderen. Ihrem Beispiel folgten andere Filmemacher und nach nur wenigen Monaten drehten immerhin schon 15 Firmen in Hollywood ihre Filme (Brownlow 1997, S. 54–55) und 1919 entstanden bereits 80 % der amerikanischen Filme im Süden Kaliforniens (Grob 2002, S. 258). Die Flucht nach Kalifornien war allerdings nicht nur der Suche nach besseren Produktionsbedingungen geschuldet, sondern man wollte auch dem immensen Einfluss der in New York ansässigen Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC) entweichen. Die MPPC war ein monopolistisches Kon- sortium aus den neun damalig größten Filmproduzenten: Edison, Biograph, Vita- graph, Essanay, Selig, Kalem, Méliès und Pathé. Keiner von ihnen überlebte die zwanziger Jahre. Genregeschichte im Hollywoodkino 3 Diese ersten Jahre (1907–1928), von den ersten Produktionen in Hollywood bis zur Einführung des Tonfilms, werden auch das ‚Golden Age‘ von Hollywood genannt. Hier entstanden Chaplins Tramp Abenteuer (The Kid/Der Vagabund und das Kind oder nur Das Kind 1921, The Gold Rush/Goldrausch 1925), Griffiths überlange Filme wie Birth of a Nation (Die Geburt einer Nation, 1915) und Intolerance (Intoleranz: Die Tragödie der Menschheit, 1916) sowie John Fords erste Western wie The Iron Horse (Das eiserne Pferd, 1924) oder Four Sons (Vier Söhne, 1927). Diese Filme sind die Ergebnisse einer Zeit in Hollywood, in der viel expe- rimentiert wurde und in welcher der Regisseur relativ unabhängig arbeiten konnte. Die jungen Filmstudios zeigten sich innovativ in der Nutzung des neuen Mediums. Sie griffen das Konzept europäischer Filmemacher auf und produzierten längere Filme, die differenziertere Geschichten erzählten und wandten sich damit von der bis dahin üblichen Form des bewährten, kurzen Ein- oder auch Zweiakters ab, an welcher die MPPC festhielt. Die Einspielergebnisse von D.W. Griffiths Birth of a Nation lieferten den eindeutigen Beweis, dass dem Konzept des abendfüllenden narrativen Spielfilms die Zukunft des Kinos gehörte. Die große filmische Freiheit auf der einen Seite und der immense Erfolg der Filme beim Publikum auf der anderen Seite, lies Hollywood schnell an Umfang und Macht zunehmen. Aber auch wenn die abendfüllenden Spielfilme mehr Geld als die Einakter einspielten, so kosteten sie in ihrer Herstellung natürlich auch erheblich mehr. Folglich wuchs der Druck auf die Regisseure Filme zu produzieren, die auch das investierte Geld wieder einspielen sollten. Hollywood, das in den frühen dreißiger Jahren von der Depression eingeholt worden war und immense Verluste an den Kinokassen hinnehmen musste, begegnete dem Absatzrisiko der Spielfilme mit einer stetig zunehmenden Standardisierung des Filmemachens, was die Etablierung von Genrefilmen enorm vorantreiben sollte. Spielfilme wurden gewissermaßen in Serie produziert. Lief ein Film erfolgreich, so wurde er direkt zur Vorlage für weitere Produktionen. Aus der primär marktorien- tierten Herstellung von Filmen bei zentralistischen Managementstrukturen entwi- ckelte sich das sogenannte Studiosystem und der „produktionsdefinierte Genrefilm“ (Altman 2006, S. 258) wurde zu seinem Verkaufsschlager. 3 Das Studiosystem – Absolute Kontrolle Auch wenn die Etablierung einer Genrepraxis keine Erfindung des Studiosystems ist – bereits die Einakter in den Nickelodeons auf den Jahrmärkten firmierten unter Genre-Etiketten wie Melodrama, Western, Comedy (Bowser 1990), die selbst wie- derum Vorläufer in der Unterhaltungsliteratur des 19. Jahrhunderts hatten – so kann aber die Entwicklung und Etablierung eines Produktionsprozesses, der die Standar- disierung und Entwicklung kommerziell erfolgreicher filmischer Stoffe gleicher- maßen vorantrieb, durchaus als die Hervorbringung Hollywoods betrachtet werden. Eine erfolgreiche Genrepraxis in Hollywood kennzeichnet, dass sie die Erwartungen des zahlenden Publikums und die Anforderungen eines Wirtschaftsunternehmens gleichermaßen erfüllt. Das Studiosystem stellte solche Produktionsbedingungen her 4 A. Peltzer und etablierte letztlich neun narrative Grundmuster (Bronfen und Grob 2013, S. 22), die die Studios in den verschiedenen Genres – Western, Musical, Slapstick Comedy, Screwball Comedy, Melodrama, Bio-Pic, Mantel-Degen-Filme, Horrorfilm, Thriller, Krimi, SciFi etc. – stets so zu variieren wussten, dass sie immer wieder ihr Publikum fanden. Zentrale Charakteristika dieser Filmkultur, die den klassischen Hollywood- stil mit seinen Genres hervorbringen sollte, waren neben der Organisation der Studios wie Fabriken, die Stars, die Studiomogule mit ihren Vorstellungen von amerikanischer Kultur, rigide Verleihmethoden und eine strenge Selbstzensur. Wie diese verschiedenen Aspekte ineinandergriffen und welchen einzelnen Beitrag sie jeweils zum weltweiten Erfolg des ‚Classical Hollywood Cinema‘ beitrugen, darum geht es im Folgenden. Aus den jungen Studios, die sich zur Jahrhundertwende in Kalifornien niederge- lassen hatten, entwickelten sich in den dreißiger und vierziger Jahren erfolgreiche Wirtschaftsunternehmen, die fast alle „mit diktatorischen Zugriff regiert [wurden], meist von osteuropäischen Immigranten, die schon in den zehner Jahren (manche noch früher) die kommerziellen Möglichkeiten des Kinos entdeckt hatten“ (Blumen- berg 1978, S. 11). Im Zentrum standen acht Studios, die so genannten
Recommended publications
  • The Glorious Career of Comedienne Judy Holliday Is Celebrated in a Complete Nine-Film Retrospective
    The Museum of Modern Art For Immediate Release November 1996 Contact: Graham Leggat 212/708-9752 THE GLORIOUS CAREER OF COMEDIENNE JUDY HOLLIDAY IS CELEBRATED IN A COMPLETE NINE-FILM RETROSPECTIVE Series Premieres New Prints of Born Yesterday and The Marrying Kind Restored by The Department of Film and Video and Sony Pictures Born Yesterday: The Films of Judy Holliday December 27,1996-January 4,1997 The Roy and Niuta Titus Theater 1 Special Premiere Screening of the Restored Print of Born Yesterday Introduced in Person by Betty Comden on Monday, December 9,1996, at 6:00 p.m. Judy Holliday approached screen acting with extraordinary intelligence and intuition, debuting in the World War II film Winged Victory (1944) and giving outstanding comic performances in eight more films from 1949 to 1960, when her career was cut short by illness. Beginning December 27, 1996, The Museum of Modern Art presents Born Yesterday: The Films of Judy Holliday, a complete retrospective of Holliday's short but exhilarating career. Holliday's experience working with director George Cukor on Winged Victory led to a collaboration with Cukor, Garson Kanin, and Kanin's wife Ruth Gordon, resulting in Adam's Rib (1949), Born Yesterday (1950), The Marrying Kind (1952), and // Should Happen To You (1952). She went on to make Phffft (1954), The Solid Gold Cadillac (1956), Full of Life (1956), and, for director Vincente Minnelli, Bells Are Ringing (1960). -more- 11 West 53 Street, New York, New York 10019 Tel: 212-708-9400 Fax: 212-708-9889 2 The Department of Film and Video and Sony Pictures Entertainment are restoring the six films that Holliday made at Columbia Pictures from 1950 to 1956.
    [Show full text]
  • Honey, You Know I Can't Hear You When You Aren
    Networking Knowledge Honey, You Know I Can’t Hear You (Jun. 2017) Honey, You Know I Can’t Hear You When You Aren’t in the Room: Key Female Filmmakers Prove the Importance of Having a Female in the Writing Room DR ROSANNE WELCH, Stephens College MFA in Screenwriting; California State University, Fullerton ABSTRACT The need for more diversity in Hollywood films and television is currently being debated by scholars and content makers alike, but where is the proof that more diverse writers will create more diverse material? Since all forms of art are subjective, there is no perfect way to prove the importance of having female writers in the room except through samples of qualitative case studies of various female writers across the history of film. By studying the writing of several female screenwriters – personal correspondence, interviews and their writing for the screen – this paper will begin to prove that having a female voice in the room has made a difference in several prominent films. It will further hypothesise that greater representation can only create greater opportunity for more female stories and voices to be heard. Research for my PhD dissertation ‘Married: With Screenplay’ involved the work of several prominent female screenwriters across the first century of filmmaking, including Anita Loos, Dorothy Parker, Frances Goodrich and Joan Didion. In all of their memoirs and other writings about working on screenplays, each mentioned the importance of (often) being the lone woman in the room during pitches and during the development of a screenplay. Goodrich summarised all their experiences concisely when she wrote, ‘I’m always the only woman working on the picture and I hold the fate of the women [characters] in my hand… I’ll fight for what the gal will or will not do, and I can be completely unfeminine about it.’ Also, the rise of female directors, such as Barbra Streisand or female production executives, such as Kathleen Kennedy, prove that one of the greatest assets to having a female voice in the room is the ability to invite other women inside.
    [Show full text]
  • {DOWNLOAD} the More the Merrier Ebook
    THE MORE THE MERRIER PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Anne Fine | 160 pages | 28 Nov 2006 | Random House Children's Publishers UK | 9780440867333 | English | London, United Kingdom The More the Merrier PDF Book User Ratings. It doesn't sound that hard to think up but the events that lead toward the end result where the parts that are hard to think up when writing. Washington officials objected to the title and plot elements that suggested "frivolity on the part of Washington workers". Release Dates. Edit page. Emily in Paris. Joe asks Connie to go to dinner with him. User Reviews. Dingle calls Joe to meet him for dinner. Apr 28, Or that intimate scene where McCrea gives a carrying case to Jean Arthur. External Sites. Their acting is so subtly romantic in that scene. Two's a Crowd screenplay by Garson Kanin uncredited [1]. Save Word. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. The Good Lord Bird. It's shocking how believably he pulls off the scene in which McCrea and Arthur wander around the apartment without bumping into each other. Quotes [ first lines ] Narrator : Our vagabond camera takes us to beautiful Washington, D. Alternate Versions. If you like classic comedies then this must be on your watch list. Share the more the merrier Post the Definition of the more the merrier to Facebook Share the Definition of the more the merrier on Twitter. The More the Merrier Writer New York: Limelight Editions. September 16, Rating: 4. Tools to create your own word lists and quizzes. Variety Staff. You may later unsubscribe.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Using Scannx OS15000 PC
    OTTERBEIN 1 South Grove Street UNIVERSITY Westerville, OH 43081 TEL (614)823-1600 Office of Marketing and fax (614)823-1360 www.otterbein.edu Communications Contact: Jennifer Hill, (614) 823-1605 [email protected] FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 5, 2010 OTTERBEIN UNIVERSITY THEATRE ANNOUNCES 2010-2011 SEASON BORN YESTERDAY By Garson Kanin Directed by Christina Kirk October 14-17, 21-23, 2010 Fritsche Theatre at Cowan Hall, 30 S. Grove St. Born Yesterday is one of America’s original screwball comedies! Harry Brock is a business tycoon who goes to Washington trying to break into the ‘special interest’ business with an ethically-challenged senator. He realizes that his fiancee, Billie Dawn, may need a makeover to fit his new inside-the-beltway image. To ensure that Billie gets properly ‘culturefied,’ Brock hires a D.C. journalist to give the seemingly dim-witted blonde a crash course in politics, history, literature, and—of course—true love. Andrew Lippa’s THE WILD PARTY Book, Music and Lyrics by Andrew Lippa Based on a poem by Joseph Moncure March Guest Directed by Mo Ryan Chorographer by Stella Hiatt-Kane November 4-6, 11-13, 2010 Campus Center Theatre, 100 W. Home St. Adapted from a book-length poem written in and about the Roaring Twenties, The Wild Party tells the story of Queenie and Burrs, a vaudeville couple whose relationship is marked by vicious behavior and recklessness, mirroring the times in which they live. They decide to throw a party to end all parties, inviting an assortment of people living on the edge for one wild evening in their Manhattan apartment.
    [Show full text]
  • Judy Holliday's Urban Working Girl Characters in 1950S Hollywood Film Judith E
    University of Massachusetts Boston ScholarWorks at UMass Boston American Studies Faculty Publication Series American Studies 2010 Judy Holliday's Urban Working Girl Characters in 1950s Hollywood Film Judith E. Smith University of Massachusetts Boston, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/amst_faculty_pubs Part of the American Film Studies Commons, American Popular Culture Commons, Jewish Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Judith E., "Judy Holliday's Urban Working Girl Characters in 1950s Hollywood Film" (2010). American Studies Faculty Publication Series. Paper 6. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/amst_faculty_pubs/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the American Studies at ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Studies Faculty Publication Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at UMass Boston. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judy Holliday's Urban Working Girl Characters in 1950s Hollywood Film Judith Smith. American Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston A Jewish-created urban and cosmopolitan working girl feminism persisted in the 1950s as a cultural alternative to the suburban, domestic consumerism critiqued so eloquently by Betty Friedan in The Feminine Mystique . The film persona of Jewish, Academy Award-winning actress Judy Holliday embodied this working girl feminism. Audiences viewed her portrayals of popular front working girl heroines in three films written by the Jewish writer and director Garson Kanin, sometimes in association with his wife, the actress Ruth Gordon, and directed by the Jewish director George Cukor in the early 1950s: Born Yesterday (1950), The Marrying Kind (1952), and It Should Happen to You (1954).
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Tragedy, Echoed by a Chorus of Veterans - the New York Times
    The Lunatic Is on the Air: A Stoppard Radio Play for Pink Floyd's 'Dark Side of the Moon' - NYTimes.com MARCH 28, 2013, 8:51 AM The Lunatic Is on the Air: A Stoppard Radio Play for Pink Floyd’s ‘Dark Side of the Moon’ By DAVE ITZKOFF The 40th anniversary of the release of “The Dark Side of the Moon,” that best-selling Pink Floyd album, technically occurred earlier this month. But in the case of a seminal prog-rock record that deals with the nature of time (and the slowing-down thereof), we’ll forgive Tom Stoppard if his unique effort to celebrate this milestone doesn’t actually arrive until the summer. Mr. Stoppard, the celebrated playwright of “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead” and “The Coast of Utopia” and a screenwriter of “Shakespeare in Love,” among many other works, has written a new play for British radio that will mark the 40 years since “The Dark Side of the Moon” was released in March 1973, The Guardian reported. But this latest dramatic work is no simple narrative of how Roger Waters, David Gilmour and company spent several months at Abbey Road recording songs like “Money,” “Time” and “Breathe.” This one’s … a little weird. Describing Mr. Stoppard’s radio play, called “Dark Side,” at its Web site, the BBC called it “a fantastical and psychedelic story based on themes from the seminal album” that incorporates “music from the album and a gripping story that takes listeners on a journey through their imaginations.” (So keep your black-light posters handy, apparently.) Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Born Yesterday
    42nd Season • 403rd Production SEGERSTROM STAGE / OCTOBER 14 - NOVEMBER 20, 2005 David Emmes Martin Benson PRODUCING ARTISTIC DIRECTOR ARTISTIC DIRECTOR presents BORN YESTERDAY BY Garson Kanin SCENIC DESIGN COSTUME DESIGN LIGHTING DESIGN Michael Ganio Frances Kenny York Kennedy COMPOSER/SOUND DESIGN PRODUCTION MANAGER STAGE MANAGER Jim Ragland Jeff Gifford Randall K. Lum* DIRECTED BY Warner Shook HONORARY PRODUCERS CORPORATE PRODUCER Larry and Dee Higby Haskell & White LLP Presented by special arrangement with Samuel French, Inc. Born Yesterday • SOUTH COAST REPERTORY P1 CAST OF CHARACTERS Billie Dawn ............................................................................... Jennifer Lyon* Harry Brock ........................................................................... Richard Ziman* Paul Verrall ..................................................................... Paul Morgan Stetler* Ed Devery ................................................................................ Richard Doyle* Senator Hedges/Assistant Hotel Manager ............................. Hal Landon Jr.* Mrs. Hedges/Helen ..................................................................... Jane Macfie* Eddie Brock ........................................................................ Alan Blumenfeld* Bellhop/Barber .............................................................................. Dale Jones* Bellhop/Bootblack/Waiter ................................................... Derek Armstrong Manicurist .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BORN YESTERDAY by Garson Kanin Directed by Susi Damilano
    For immediate release Publicist: Anne Abrams [email protected] San Francisco Playhouse presents BORN YESTERDAY By Garson Kanin Directed by Susi Damilano Press Opening: Saturday, January 27th at 8pm Performances: January 23 – March 10, 2018 Tues, Wed, Thurs 7pm / Fri, Sat 8pm / Sat 3pm, Sun 2pm Preview Performances: January 23 – 26 at 8pm SAN FRANCISCO (December 2017) — San Francisco Playhouse (Artistic Director Bill English; Producing Director Susi Damilano) announced casting for the third show of its 2017-18 Mainstage Season—Born Yesterday. Written by Garson Kanin, the play premiered on Broadway in 1946. Susi Damilano will direct the San Francisco Playhouse revival. Harry, a ruthless, thuggish millionaire—with his showgirl fiancée, Billie, in tow—comes to Washington to bribe a senator and enrich his business interests. He soon hires a reporter to clean up Billie’s image; but as she awakens to a world full of possibilities, she starts to question corruption’s stranglehold over the disadvantaged. “When I read this play, I was immediately struck by how resoundingly its message still rings after 70 years,” said Producing Director Susi Damilano. “The timeless story of integrity triumphing over political self-interest feels as relevant as ever—and, I hope, will provide us with an opportunity to reflect on our own human nature.” The cast of Born Yesterday will feature Millie Brooks*, Michael Torres*, Anthony Fusco*, Ed Berkeley*, Jason Kapoor*, Louis Parnell*, Derek Fischer, Terry Bamberger, Casey Robert Spiegel, Marty Lee Jones, and Melissa Quine. Garson Kanin (Playwright) was an esteemed theater and film director as well as a prolific writer.
    [Show full text]
  • Mademoiselle Et Son Bébé De Garson Kanin
    MADEMOISELLE ET SON BÉBÉ DE GARSON KANIN ANALYSE )ademoiselle et son !é!é 45achelor )other6 est une comédie américaine de 7arson 8anin, qui traite avec lég'reté du th'me autrement sérieu% des enfants a!andonnés. 9e scénario est adapté d"une histoire de (eli% :ackson, un écrivain allemand plus tard émigré au% ;tats& <nis. ,ette histoire avait été écrite pour le film 8leine )utti 49a petite m're6, une comédie austro-hongroise de =>?@, produite par :oe Pasternak et dirigée par Aenry 8oster. )ademoiselle et son !é!é connait un grand succ's aupr's du pu!lic et fut nommé au% .scars. $n =>@B, Normal Caurog en produit un remake, sous le titre 9e 5é!é de )ademoiselle RÉSUMÉ 45undle of Joy6 2 il en fait une comédie musicale avec $ddie (isher et De!!ie 3eynolds, deu% chanteurs e%tr-mement populaires des années 1>@D. Polly Parish, jeune vendeuse dans un magasin de ans les années =>?D, 7inger 3ogers devient une New York, est licenciée par son patron alors que la période grande vedette de comédies musicales, reconnue pour ses de Noël prend fin. Dépitée, elle marche dans la ville, et talents de danseuse. #u% c0tés de (red #staire, elle apparaEt trouve un bé!é a!andonné sur un porche, devant l"#ssistance dans les plus grands succ's de cet Fge d"or, dont Cop Aat pu!lique. Elle entre pour le remettre au% mains des 49’homme du dessus6 en =>?@. 5ien que ses capacités employés, mais ceu%&ci sont persuadés qu"elle est la m're de d"actrice demeurent plus discr'tes, celles&ci sont révélées en l"enfant et demandent des e%plications.
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue of New Plays 2016–2017
    PRESORTED STANDARD U.S. POSTAGE PAID GRAND RAPIDS, MI PERMIT #1 Catalogue of New Plays 2016–2017 ISBN: 978-0-8222-3542-2 DISCOUNTS See page 6 for details on DISCOUNTS for Educators, Libraries, and Bookstores 9 7 8 0 8 2 2 2 3 5 4 2 2 Bold new plays. Recipient of the Obie Award for Commitment to the Publication of New Work Timeless classics. Since 1936. 440 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016 Tel. 212-683-8960 Fax 212-213-1539 [email protected] OFFICERS Peter Hagan, President Mary Harden, Vice President Patrick Herold, Secretary David Moore, Treasurer Stephen Sultan, President Emeritus BOARD OF DIRECTORS Peter Hagan Mary Harden DPS proudly represents the Patrick Herold ® Joyce Ketay 2016 Tony Award winner and nominees Jonathan Lomma Donald Margulies for BEST PLAY Lynn Nottage Polly Pen John Patrick Shanley Representing the American theatre by publishing and licensing the works of new and established playwrights Formed in 1936 by a number of prominent playwrights and theatre agents, Dramatists Play Service, Inc. was created to foster opportunity and provide support for playwrights by publishing acting editions of their plays and handling the nonprofessional and professional leasing rights to these works. Catalogue of New Plays 2016–2017 © 2016 Dramatists Play Service, Inc. CATALOGUE 16-17.indd 1 10/3/2016 3:49:22 PM Dramatists Play Service, Inc. A Letter from the President Dear Subscriber: A lot happened in 1936. Jesse Owens triumphed at the Berlin Olympics. Edward VIII abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson. The Hindenburg took its maiden voyage. And Dramatists Play Service was founded by the Dramatists Guild of America and an intrepid group of agents.
    [Show full text]
  • Born Yesterday by Ariel Schudson
    Born Yesterday By Ariel Schudson Originally penned by Garson Kanin with assistance from wife and creative partner Ruth Gordon, “Born Yester- day” began as a successful Broadway play. The original stage cast included such luminaries as Paul Douglas, Jean Arthur, Judy Holliday and even Lon Chaney Junior in one non-Broadway production! Eventually, the play moved towards Hollywood and became the film re- leased by Columbia Pictures, receiving certification in September of 1950. The screenplay was credited to Albert Mannheimer (who also received an Oscar nomination), but it was not the one that was ultimately used. None of the major players liked it -- not Garson Kanin, not George Cukor, and especially not Columbia studio head Harry Cohn. William Holden, Broderick Crawford and Judy Holliday. As a result of this mutual dissatisfaction with the Courtesy Library of Congress Collection. Mannheimer draft, Cohn brought on the Epstein twins, Julius and Philip, to doctor the sick script. The Epsteins any erotic implications in the script. But Cukor’s relation- may have been credited as final draft authors, but there ship with Columbia (and with Cohn) was strong enough is cogent evidence that it was Kanin himself who that much of the dialogue remained untouched. Thus, penned the draft that hit the screen (once again, in tan- the world was introduced to Billie Dawn, a feminist role dem with perennial partner Ruth Gordon in addition to model and one of the most vibrant filmic representations buddy George Cukor). The regular correspondence that of female power, intelligence and strength. Garson (“Gar” in the letters) Kanin and George Cukor kept throughout the production shows the immense in- Most of the film’s humor can be found in Judy Holliday’s put the writer had in the ways in which the script was magnificent depiction of this loud and bawdy former edited or transformed.
    [Show full text]
  • Garson Kanin's Born Yesterday Is An
    Pictured above: William Holden, Judy Holliday and Broderick Crawford Garson Kanin’s Born Yesterday is an all- the part with the following demands: $2,500 American comedy that was conceived abroad. per week plus a percentage of the gross, a While stationed in London during World War personal hairdresser, a chauffeured limousine, II, Kanin began writing a play for his friend, and final approval over advertising and the movie star Jean Arthur, that combined elements hiring of key personnel. of Shaw’s Pygmalion with a comical exposé of The play’s leading male character was a gruff governmental corruption. The premise of the and uncouth junk tycoon named Harry Brock, piece was to show that any one person has whose abrasive personality was modeled the power to facilitate change, and in order to on the tough-talking president of Columbia illustrate this point dramatically, Kanin created Pictures, Harry Cohn. Kanin had offered the a protagonist, Billie Dawn, who is unpolished, part of Harry Brock to Broderick Crawford, uneducated, and unaccomplished. who declined (although he would end up Returning to New York after the war, Kanin playing the part in the 1950 film). All other found a likely producer in Max Gordon, who attempts to secure an established actor at a was suffering through a dry spell despite reasonable price had also fallen short. Running having a number of Broadway hits under his out of options, Gordon and Kanin decided to belt, including The Band Wagon, The Women, take a chance on Paul Douglas, who at the and My Sister Eileen .
    [Show full text]