Towards Automatically Evaluating Security Risks and Providing Cyber Intelligence
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Click Trajectories: End-To-End Analysis of the Spam Value Chain
Click Trajectories: End-to-End Analysis of the Spam Value Chain ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ z y Kirill Levchenko Andreas Pitsillidis Neha Chachra Brandon Enright Mark´ Felegyh´ azi´ Chris Grier ∗ ∗ † ∗ ∗ Tristan Halvorson Chris Kanich Christian Kreibich He Liu Damon McCoy † † ∗ ∗ Nicholas Weaver Vern Paxson Geoffrey M. Voelker Stefan Savage ∗ y Department of Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science Division University of California, San Diego University of California, Berkeley z International Computer Science Institute Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS) Berkeley, CA Budapest University of Technology and Economics Abstract—Spam-based advertising is a business. While it it is these very relationships that capture the structural has engendered both widespread antipathy and a multi-billion dependencies—and hence the potential weaknesses—within dollar anti-spam industry, it continues to exist because it fuels a the spam ecosystem’s business processes. Indeed, each profitable enterprise. We lack, however, a solid understanding of this enterprise’s full structure, and thus most anti-spam distinct path through this chain—registrar, name server, interventions focus on only one facet of the overall spam value hosting, affiliate program, payment processing, fulfillment— chain (e.g., spam filtering, URL blacklisting, site takedown). directly reflects an “entrepreneurial activity” by which the In this paper we present a holistic analysis that quantifies perpetrators muster capital investments and business rela- the full set of resources employed to monetize spam email— tionships to create value. Today we lack insight into even including naming, hosting, payment and fulfillment—using extensive measurements of three months of diverse spam data, the most basic characteristics of this activity. How many broad crawling of naming and hosting infrastructures, and organizations are complicit in the spam ecosystem? Which over 100 purchases from spam-advertised sites. -
In-Depth Evaluation of Redirect Tracking and Link Usage
Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies ; 2020 (4):394–413 Martin Koop*, Erik Tews, and Stefan Katzenbeisser In-Depth Evaluation of Redirect Tracking and Link Usage Abstract: In today’s web, information gathering on 1 Introduction users’ online behavior takes a major role. Advertisers use different tracking techniques that invade users’ privacy It is common practice to use different tracking tech- by collecting data on their browsing activities and inter- niques on websites. This covers the web advertisement ests. To preventing this threat, various privacy tools are infrastructure like banners, so-called web beacons1 or available that try to block third-party elements. How- social media buttons to gather data on the users’ on- ever, there exist various tracking techniques that are line behavior as well as privacy sensible information not covered by those tools, such as redirect link track- [52, 69, 73]. Among others, those include information on ing. Here, tracking is hidden in ordinary website links the user’s real name, address, gender, shopping-behavior pointing to further content. By clicking those links, or or location [4, 19]. Connecting this data with informa- by automatic URL redirects, the user is being redirected tion gathered from search queries, mobile devices [17] through a chain of potential tracking servers not visible or content published in online social networks [5, 79] al- to the user. In this scenario, the tracker collects valuable lows revealing further privacy sensitive information [62]. data about the content, topic, or user interests of the This includes personal interests, problems or desires of website. Additionally, the tracker sets not only third- users, political or religious views, as well as the finan- party but also first-party tracking cookies which are far cial status. -
Spamming Botnets: Signatures and Characteristics
Spamming Botnets: Signatures and Characteristics Yinglian Xie, Fang Yu, Kannan Achan, Rina Panigrahy, Geoff Hulten+,IvanOsipkov+ Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley +Microsoft Corporation {yxie,fangyu,kachan,rina,ghulten,ivano}@microsoft.com ABSTRACT botnet infection and their associated control process [4, 17, 6], little In this paper, we focus on characterizing spamming botnets by effort has been devoted to understanding the aggregate behaviors of leveraging both spam payload and spam server traffic properties. botnets from the perspective of large email servers that are popular Towards this goal, we developed a spam signature generation frame- targets of botnet spam attacks. work called AutoRE to detect botnet-based spam emails and botnet An important goal of this paper is to perform a large scale analy- membership. AutoRE does not require pre-classified training data sis of spamming botnet characteristics and identify trends that can or white lists. Moreover, it outputs high quality regular expression benefit future botnet detection and defense mechanisms. In our signatures that can detect botnet spam with a low false positive rate. analysis, we make use of an email dataset collected from a large Using a three-month sample of emails from Hotmail, AutoRE suc- email service provider, namely, MSN Hotmail. Our study not only cessfully identified 7,721 botnet-based spam campaigns together detects botnet membership across the Internet, but also tracks the with 340,050 unique botnet host IP addresses. sending behavior and the associated email content patterns that are Our in-depth analysis of the identified botnets revealed several directly observable from an email service provider. Information interesting findings regarding the degree of email obfuscation, prop- pertaining to botnet membership can be used to prevent future ne- erties of botnet IP addresses, sending patterns, and their correlation farious activities such as phishing and DDoS attacks. -
SEO Techniques for Various Applications - a Comparative Analyses and Evaluation
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 20-24 www.iosrjournals.org SEO Techniques for various Applications - A Comparative Analyses and Evaluation Sandhya Dahake1, Dr. V. M. Thakare2 , Dr. Pradeep Butey3 1([email protected], G.H.R.I.T., Nagpur, RTM Nagpur University, India) 2([email protected] , P.G. Dept of Computer Science, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, India) 3([email protected], Head, Dept of Computer Science, Kamla Nehru College, Nagpur, India) Abstract : In this information times, the website management is becoming hot topic and search engine has more influence on website. So many website managers are trying o make efforts for Search Engine Optimization (SEO). In order to make search engine transfer information efficiently and accurately, to improve web search ranking different SEO techniques are used. The purpose of this paper is a comparative study of applications of SEO techniques used for increasing the page rank of undeserving websites. With the help of specific SEO techniques, SEO committed to optimize the website to increase the search engine ranking and web visits number and eventually to increase the ability of selling and publicity through the study of how search engines scrape internet page and index and confirm the ranking of the specific keyword. These technique combined page rank algorithm which helps to discover target page. Search Engine Optimization, as a kind of optimization techniques, which can promote website’s ranking in the search engine, also will get more and more attention. Therefore, the continuous technology improvement on network is also one of the focuses of search engine optimization. -
Redirect URL
July 2012 Redirect URL User Guide Welcome to AT&T Website Solutions SM We are focused on providing you the very best web hosting service including all the tools necessary to establish and maintain a successful website. This document contains information that will help you to redirect pages from your site to other locations. You can use it to create a new Domain Redirection as well. © 2012 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. AT&T products and services are provided or offered by subsidiaries and affiliates of AT&T Inc. under the AT&T brand and not by AT&T Inc. AT&T, AT&T logo and all other AT&T marks contained herein are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property and/or AT&T affiliated companies. All other trademarks are the property of their owners. This document is not an offer, commitment, representation or warranty by AT&T and is subject to change. Your Web Hosting service is subject to the Terms and Conditions (T&Cs), which may be found at http://webhosting.att.com/Terms-Conditions.aspx . Service terms and Fees are subject to change without notice. Please read the T&Cs for additional information. © 2010 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights re served. AT&T and the AT&T logo are trademarks of AT&T Intellectual Property. Table of ContenContentstststs Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Create a New Redirect ................................................................................................................................... -
Detection of Malicious Urls by Correlating the Chains of Redirection in an Online Social Network (Twitter)
International Journal of Research Studies in Computer Science and Engineering (IJRSCSE) Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2014, PP 33-38 ISSN 2349-4840 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4859 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Detection of Malicious URLs by Correlating the Chains of Redirection in an Online Social Network (Twitter) 1MD.Sabeeha, SK.Karimullah, 2P.Babu 1PG Schalor,CSE, Quba college of engineering and technology 2, Associate professor, QCET, NELLORE ABSTRACT: Twitter is prone to malicious tweets containing URLs for spam, phishing, and malware distribution. Conventional Twitter spam detection schemes utilize account features such as the ratio of tweets containing URLs and the account creation date, or relation features in the Twitter graph. These detection schemes are ineffective against feature fabrications or consume much time and resources. Conventional suspicious URL detection schemes utilize several features including lexical features of URLs, URL redirection, HTML content, and dynamic behavior. However, evading techniques such as time-based evasion and crawler evasion exist. In this paper, we propose WARNINGBIRD, a suspicious URL detection system for Twitter. Our system investigates correlations of URL redirect chains extracted from several tweets. Because attackers have limited resources and usually reuse them, their URL redirect chains frequently share the same URLs. We develop methods to discover correlated URL redirect chains using the frequently shared URLs and to determine their suspiciousness. We collect numerous tweets from the Twitter public timeline and build a statistical classifier using them. Evaluation results show that our classifier accurately and efficiently detects suspicious URLs. We also present WARNINGBIRD as a near real-time system for classifying suspicious URLs in the Twitter stream. -
OWASP Asia 2008 Rsnake.Pdf
1 Robert Hansen - CEO SecTheory LLC Bespoke Boutique Internet Security Web Application/Browser Security Network/OS Security http://www.sectheory.com/ Advisory capacity to VCs/start-ups Founded the web application security lab http://ha.ckers.org/ - the lab http://sla.ckers.org/ - the forum 2 iHumble I want to explain the history… Only a few know the whole story. Sit back and relax, it’s story time. 3 We’ve all heard these sentiments: “If you find a vulnerability, we ask that you share it with us. If you share it with us, we will respond to you with a time we will fix that hole.” Scott Petry – Director @ Google (We’ll be coming back to this!) 4 It all started four years ago… We found that redirection vulnerabilities were being used by phishers in a number of sites, Visa, Doubleclick, eBay and of course, Google to confuse consumers. Timeframes for fixes: Visa closed their hole down within hours Double Click within days (partially) eBay within weeks Google still hasn’t closed them (~4 years later) Every company agrees it’s a hole. Everyone 5 Word gets out – fast! http://blogs.geekdojo.net/brian/archive/2004/10/14/googlephishing.aspx http://lists.virus.org/dshield-0602/msg00156.html http://blog.eweek.com/blogs/larry_seltzer/archive/2006/03/05/8240.aspx http://thespamdiaries.blogspot.com/2006/03/google-used-as-url-cloaking-device- in.html http://www.docuverse.com/blog/donpark/EntryViewPage.aspx?guid=e08af74b- 8b86-418c-94e0-7d29a7cb91e2 http://email.about.com/od/outlooktips/qt/et043005.htm http://listserv.educause.edu/cgi- bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0511&L=security&T=0&F=&S=&P=15599 http://www.zataz.com/news/13296/google-corrige-une-faille.html http://google.blognewschannel.com/archives/2007/02/22/google-changes-redirects- adds-nofollow-to-blogger/ http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2007/02/google-redirect-notice.html And others… 6 Everyone has vulns. -
Real-Time Detection System for Suspicious Urls Krishna Prasad Chouty Governors State University
Governors State University OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship All Capstone Projects Student Capstone Projects Fall 2015 Real-Time Detection System for Suspicious URLs Krishna Prasad Chouty Governors State University Anup Chandra Thogiti Governors State University Kranthi Sudha Vudatha Governors State University Follow this and additional works at: http://opus.govst.edu/capstones Part of the Digital Communications and Networking Commons, and the Information Security Commons Recommended Citation Chouty, Krishna Prasad; Thogiti, Anup Chandra; and Vudatha, Kranthi Sudha, "Real-Time Detection System for Suspicious URLs" (2015). All Capstone Projects. 164. http://opus.govst.edu/capstones/164 For more information about the academic degree, extended learning, and certificate programs of Governors State University, go to http://www.govst.edu/Academics/Degree_Programs_and_Certifications/ Visit the Governors State Computer Science Department This Project Summary is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Capstone Projects at OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of OPUS Open Portal to University Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REAL-TIMEDETECTION SYSTEM FOR SUSPICIOUS URL’S By Krishna Prasad, Chouty B.Tech, JAWAHARLAL NEHURU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2012 AnupChandra, Thogiti B.Tech, JAWAHARLAL NEHURU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2011 Kranthi Sudha, Vudatha B.Tech, JAWAHARLAL NEHURU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, -
Towards Electronic Persistence Using ARK Identifiers
Towards Electronic Persistence Using ARK Identifiers John A. Kunze California Digital Library University of California, Office of the President, Oakland, CA 94612, USA [email protected] Abstract. The ARK (Archival Resource Key) is the only persistent naming scheme for internet information objects that squarely faces the service issues underlying practical electronic permanence. The ARK is a specially constructed, actionable URL encapsulating a globally unique identity that is independent of the current service provider. Each ARK is by definition bound to three things: (a) object access, (b) object meta- data, and (c) a faceted commitment statement. These service bindings provide the best way for service providers to communicate their varied commitments to objects. It is for these reasons that the California Digital Library is pursuing the use of ARKs. 1 Introduction Web users know the irritation of broken URLs [2]. Returning to a web address only to find the desired object missing is more than an irritation for scholars and catalogers, whose trades rely on persistent reference. If there is one thing that distinguishes a digital library from a mere web site, it is that libraries do their best to provide reliable, persistent access through durable links. To that end much discussion and development activity has focused on persistent identifiers, in other words, on links that continue to provide access into the indefinite fu- ture. The popular vision of ubiquitous, technologically-hardened identifiers has a deceptively simple problem statement: 1. The goal: long-term identifiers. 2. The problem: URLs break. 3. Why URLs break: because objects are moved, removed, and replaced. -
PIA National Agency Marketing Guide!
Special Report: Agents’ Guide to Internet Marketing PIA National Agency Marketing Guide2011 Brought to you by these sponsors: A product of the PIA Branding Program Seaworthy Insurance... The Choice When It Comes To Security And Superior Service In Marine Coverage n Featuring policies for pleasure boats, yachts, super yachts and commercial charter boats n Excellent claims service provided by boating experts, including 24-hour dispatch of assistance n Competitive commission structure and low premium volume commitment n Web-based management system allows agents to quote, bind, track commissions and claims status online, any time Become a Seaworthy Agency today, visit www.seaworthyinsurance.com or call toll-free 1-877-580-2628 PIA National Marketing Guide_7x9.5live.indd 1 4/21/11 3:31 PM elcome to the second edition of the PIA National Agency Marketing Guide! The 2011 edition of this PIA Branding Program publication follows the highly Wacclaimed 2010 edition, which focused on agent use of social media. While social media continues to be of major interest to agents across America, many of the questions coming in to PIA National’s office this year had to do with the Internet. PIA mem- bers wanted to know how to best position their agency website, how to show up in search engines, how to use email marketing, and more. Our special report, the Agents’ Guide to Internet Marketing, helps to answer these questions. Whether you handle most of your agency’s marketing in-house, or whether you outsource many of these functions, you’ll find a treasure trove of things to implement, things to consider and things to watch out for. -
Henry Bramwell, President, Visionary Graphics
#sbdcbootcamp Understanding who our target audience is and where they spend their time, you can build an organic presence by focusing on content that speaks to their needs and wants. What Is SEO? Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a website or a web page in a search engine's unpaid results—often referred to as "natural," "organic," or "earned" results. SEO Approach BLACK HAT WHITE HAT Black Hat SEO • Exploits weaknesses in search engine algorithms to obtain high rankings for a website. • Keyword Stuffing, Cloaking, Hidden Text and links and Link Spam. • Quick, unpredictable and short-lasting growth in rankings. White Hat SEO • Utilize techniques and methods to improve search rankings in accordance with the Search Engine’s Guidelines. • High quality content, website HTML optimization, relevant inbound links, social authority . • Steady, gradual, last growth in rankings. Meta Tags Meta Tags explain to search engines and (sometimes) searchers themselves what your page is about. Meta Tags are inserted into every page of your website code. How SEO Has Changed OLD SEO NEW SEO Focus on singular Focus on long tail keyword keywords, keyword intent and searcher’s needs How SEO Has Changed • When search engines were first created, early search marketers were able to easily find ways to make the search engine think that their client's site was the one that should rank well. • In some cases it was as simple as putting in some code on the website called a meta keywords tag. The meta keywords tag would tell search engines what the page was about. -
A Study on Topologically Dedicated Hosts on Malicious Web Infrastructures
Finding the Linchpins of the Dark Web: a Study on Topologically Dedicated Hosts on Malicious Web Infrastructures Zhou Li, Sumayah Alrwais Yinglian Xie, Fang Yu XiaoFeng Wang Indiana University at Bloomington MSR Silicon Valley Indiana University at Bloomington {lizho, salrwais}@indiana.edu {yxie, fangyu}@microsoft.com [email protected] Abstract—Malicious Web activities continue to be a major misdeeds. Indeed, such infrastructures become the backbone threat to the safety of online Web users. Despite the plethora of the crimes in today’s cyberspace, delivering malicious forms of attacks and the diversity of their delivery channels, web content world wide and causing hundreds of millions in the back end, they are all orchestrated through malicious Web infrastructures, which enable miscreants to do business in damage every year. with each other and utilize others’ resources. Identifying the Malicious Web infrastructures. Given the central role linchpins of the dark infrastructures and distinguishing those those infrastructures play, an in-depth understanding of their valuable to the adversaries from those disposable are critical for gaining an upper hand in the battle against them. structures and the ways they work becomes critical for coun- In this paper, using nearly 4 million malicious URL paths teracting cybercrimes. To this end, prior research investi- crawled from different attack channels, we perform a large- gated the infrastructures associated with some types of chan- scale study on the topological relations among hosts in the nels (e.g., Spam [2], black-hat Search-Engine Optimization malicious Web infrastructure. Our study reveals the existence (SEO) [11]) and exploits (e.g., drive-by downloads [23]).