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De L'intrusion D'un Lexique Allogène De l’intrusion d’un lexique allogène : l’exemple des éléments néoclassiques Marine Lasserre To cite this version: Marine Lasserre. De l’intrusion d’un lexique allogène : l’exemple des éléments néoclassiques. Lin- guistique. Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2016. Français. NNT : 2016TOU20012. tel-01723307 HAL Id: tel-01723307 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01723307 Submitted on 5 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSETHÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : l’Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès Présentée et soutenue le 26/02/2016 par : Marine Lasserre De l’intrusion d’un lexique allogène. L’exemple des éléments néoclassiques JURY Fabio Montermini Directeur de Recherche, CNRS/U. Toulouse Jean Jaurès Directeur Fiammetta Namer Professeur, U. de Lorraine Rapporteur Florence Villoing Professeur, U. de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense Rapporteur Mark Aronoff Distinguished Professor, Stony Brook University Examinateur Gilles Boyé Maître de Conférences, U. de Bordeaux Montaigne Examinateur Jesse Tseng Chargé de Recherche, CNRS/U. Toulouse Jean Jaurès Examinateur École Doctorale et spécialité : CLESCO : Sciences du langage Unité de Recherche : CLLE-ERSS (UMR 5263) Remerciements Ce travail long et pas toujours facile a été fortement allégé, facilité, égayé par de nombreuses personnes que je tiens à remercier. Tout d’abord, je remercie Fabio Montermini, mon directeur de thèse, qui a accepté de diriger cette thèse sans même me connaître, et qui, tout au long de ce travail, a été particulièrement disponible et à l’écoute, indulgent et pédagogue. Il m’a fait confiance depuis le début et je tiens à lui exprimer toute ma gratitude. Je tiens également à remercier les membres de mon jury de thèse : Fiammetta Namer et Florence Villoing pour avoir accepté d’en être les rapporteurs et Mark Aronoff, Gilles Boyé et Jesse Tseng d’en être les examinateurs. Je les remercie chacun également pour les conseils et avis éclairés dispensés tout au long de mon doctorat et les discussions partagées. En particulier, je remercie Gilles Boyé de m’avoir fait découvrir et aimer la morphologie en Master et de m’avoir, un jour, soufflé l’idée de ce sujet de thèse qui m’a passionnée. Je remercie également Mark Aronoff de m’avoir si bien accueillie à l’université de Stony Brook, m’avoir permis d’assister à ses cours et avoir pris du temps pour discuter autour de mes recherches. Plus largement, je remercie la morphosphère et plus particulièrement, pour les discussions, les conseils, Michel Roché, Delphine Tribout, Stéphanie Lignon ou Olivier Bonami. J’ai une pensée particulière pour les filles de la doctorantomor- phosphère, qui, même pour celles qui ont déjà soutenu, sont, souvent à distance, d’un soutien sans faille : Jana Strnadová, Aurore Koehl, Edwige Dugas, Aurélie Guerrero. Mon doctorat n’aurait pas pu mieux se passer qu’au sein de l’ERSSopôle, qui m’a offert des conditions idéales, tant sur le point de l’intégration dans l’équipe que de soutien moral, technique et financier. Je remercie en particulier Nabil Hathout, qui m’a fait gagner beaucoup de temps dans la collecte de mes données, mais aussi Basilio Calderone, Fabio Del Prete, Cécile Fabre, Hélène Giraudo, Mai Ho-Dac, Josette Rebeyrolle, Ludovic Tanguy, Jean-Michel Tarrier et tous les autres. Sans Laurence Lamy et Nathalie Moulic, toute la partie administrative aurait été bien iii iv REMERCIEMENTS plus pénible, et je les remercie pour leur aide et leur bonne humeur communicative. L’ERSSodoctorantosphère a été au top également et a donné lieu à des moments de partage, de soutien, de solidarité et de franche rigolade, au feu le 6ème étage. Plus particulièrement je dois beaucoup à : — Caroline Atallah, qui mériterait une page de remerciements entière pour elle tant elle a été présente, du début jusqu’aux derniers instants et d’un soutien sans faille. Nos sessions gerçoises et nos aventurière JéToulogiques resteront longtemps dans ma mémoire... — ... aventures dans lesquelles Cécile Viollain, ma Céçaïle, n’était pas en reste (merci pour le selfie-floc). Ses connaissances anglophones ont souvent eu rai- son de mon anglophobie. Et l’année passée avec elle en tant que représentante des doctorants restera, je pense, inoubliable (surtout la chasse aux œufs de Pâques dans les couloirs du 6ème), — Luce Lefeuvre, avec qui j’ai également partagé une année en tant que repré- sentante, et avec qui j’ai aimé partager de longues discussions (et surtout de nombreux ragots !), — mes compagnons bureauticoles du feu C616 : Fanny Lalleman, Florian Sa- vreux, Willy Beaujean, Laure-Anne Johnsen, et (pendant deux ou trois jours !), Léa Courdès-Murphy, — Marianne Vergez-Couret grâce à qui j’ai pu dé-crochet de la thèse et découvrir une nouvelle passion, — Giusi Todaro et Matilde Accattoli desquelles je me suis très vite sentie proche et avec qui, j’espère, on ne rompra pas le lien, qu’il soit morphologique ou pas, — Karla Orihuela pour sa bonne humeur au quotidien, — François Morlane-Hondère et ses qualités de LATEXomane, — et tous les autres : Laury Garnier, Emilie Chorin, Manuel Perez, Marie- France Roquelaure, Stéphanie Lopez, Maxime Warnier, Aleksandra Miletić, etc., — et j’ai une pensée pour Simon Leva avec qui on a commencé la même année, mais qui est parti vers d’autres aventures moins linguistofères. Je n’oublie pas ceux qui m’ont apporté une aide salvatrice à un moment donné : Matteo Pascoli qui, en deux-trois manipulations de données, m’a fait gagner un temps énorme, Marta Cagliani qui a eu la patience de traiter certaines données, Sébastien Garot qui m’a éclairée de ses connaissances mathologiques, la latinologue Olga Spevak pour m’avoir aidée dans mes recherches bibliographiques sur le latin, et Marie-Laure Maraval pour le temps qu’elle m’a accordé pour la mise en forme de ma base de données. REMERCIEMENTS v Je remercie les membres du département de linguistique de l’Université de Stony Brook (et pas que), pour leur accueil chaleureux, et en particulier Jiwon Yun, Seongyeon Ko, Donna Di Donato et Rob Pasternak. Je remercie du fond du cœur ma famille et en particulier mes parents qui m’ont offert, bien plus qu’un abri Toulousicole, un soutien constant, des petites et grandes attentions et par-dessus tout leur confiance. Je remercie également ma sœur Anne- Sophie pour ses encouragements. Elle et Maman ont également usé de leurs dons fautedorthographovores et je les en remercie. Je remercie mes amis, qui l’étaient avant cette aventure thésalogique et qui ont bien voulu le rester. Par un petit mot ou une distraction, par un intérêt pour mes recherches ou même grâce à quelques heures de baby-sitting, ils m’ont permis de tenir le cap. Merci à Laurie et Chloé (et à nos activités biérotoniques !), à Sarah, Mélanie, Perrine (qui est passée par là il y a peu !), Margaux, Cindy, Namo, Sophie, Cyril, Jean-Renaud, David, Vadim, Damien, Evelyne, Elysandre, Seb et les autres. Le plus Marinophile d’entre tous, mon Julien, m’a prouvé, par son soutien, ses encouragements, ses blagues et son amour, que j’avais bien trouvé Saussure à mon pied. Enfin, je remercie Charlie pour avoir bien voulu, sans trop rechigner, partager, lors de sa première année, sa Maman avec sa petite sœur Thésounette. Et l’on constate ainsi que, dans une langue comme le français, la possibilité de créations sans cesse renouvelées s’allie parfaitement avec la fidélité aux racines mêmes. Comment ne pas s’émerveiller d’une telle vitalité ? (Jacqueline de Romilly, Dans le Jardin des Mots) vii Table des matières Introduction 1 1 Des composés grecs aux composés néoclassiques 7 1.1 Un lexique allogène pour un vocabulaire savant . 8 1.1.1 Le mécanisme de l’emprunt . 9 1.1.2 Aperçu translinguistique . 13 1.1.3 Pourquoi un lexique allogène ? . 24 1.2 Du grec ancien aux langues modernes . 30 1.2.1 La composition en grec ancien . 30 1.2.2 La composition en latin . 37 1.2.3 La pénétration d’éléments classiques en français moderne . 43 1.3 Les composés néoclassiques dans la littérature . 51 1.3.1 Qu’est-ce qu’un élément néoclassique ? . 51 1.3.2 Éléments néoclassiques, affixes, lexèmes . 55 1.3.3 Quelles sont les caractéristiques des constructions néoclas- siques ? . 63 2 Questions méthodologiques 71 2.1 Choix du cadre théorique . 72 2.1.1 Un objet d’étude peu homogène . 73 2.1.2 Des schémas dans le lexique . 80 2.1.3 La construction du sens des mots construits . 90 2.2 L’utilisation de la Toile en morphologie . 95 2.2.1 Une ressource inestimable . 95 2.2.2 Problèmes qui se posent . 96 2.2.3 Écueils à éviter et précautions à prendre lors de l’utilisation de la Toile . 99 2.3 Création de la base de données NeoClassy . 101 ix x TABLE DES MATIÈRES 2.3.1 Choix des éléments néoclassiques à étudier . 101 2.3.2 Présentation des éléments néoclassiques choisis . 105 2.3.2.1 -logie, -logue . 106 2.3.2.2 -cratie, -crate . 106 2.3.2.3 -phobe, -phobie . 108 2.3.2.4 -phone . 108 2.3.2.5 -phage . 109 2.3.2.6 -vore . 110 2.3.2.7 -cide .
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