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Temples of India TEMPLES OF INDIA A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOCRAPHY SUBMITTED !N PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF iHagter of librarp Science 1989-90 BY ^SIF FAREED SIDDIQUI Roll. No. 11 Enrolment. No. T - 8811 Under the Supervision of MR. S. MUSTAFA K. Q. ZAIDI Lecturer DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIIVi UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 1990 /> DS2387 CHECKED-2002 Tel t 29039 DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE AUGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH 202001 (India) September 9, 1990 This is to certify that the PI* Lib* Science dissertation of ^r* Asif Fareed Siddiqui on ** Temples of India t A select annotated bibliography " was compiled under my supervision and guidance* ( S. nustafa KQ Zaidi ) LECTURER Dedicated to my Loving Parents Who have always been a source of Inspiration to me CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i - ii LISTS OF PERIODICALS iii - v PART-I INTRODUCTION 1-44 PART-II ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 45 - 214 PART-III INDEX 215 - 256 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere and earnest thanks to my teacher and supervisor Mr. S.Mustafa K.Q. Zaidi, Lecturer, Department of Library Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh who inspite of his many pre-occupation spared his precious time to guide and inspire me at each and every step during the course of this study. His deep and critical understanding of the problem helped me a lot in compiling this bibliography. I am highly indebted to Professor Mohd. Sabir Husain, Chairman, Department of Library Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for his able guidance and suggestions whenever needed. I am also highly indebted to Mr. Almuzaffar Khan,Reader, Department of Library Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh whose invaluable guidance and suggestions were always available to me. I would like to pay my regards to Professor Noorul Hasan Khan, University Librarian, Aligarh Muslim Universife- , Aligarh, Mr. Shabahat Husain, Reader, and Mr, Hasan Zamarr^id^ Lecturer, Department of Library Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for their generous help and cooperation whenever needed. ( ii ) I am also thankful to my parents* uncle Professor Noor Mohd., Chairman, Department of Sociology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and other family members, who have been inspiring me with immense encouragement during the stages of ray study. I am also grateful to Mr. I.H. Malick, Mr.Shyam Singh and classmates for their help and cooperation at every stage of this study. In the last but not least I am also thankful to Mr, Abdul Quadir for typing the project in a short span of time. ( ASIP-PAREED SIDDIQUI ) LIST OF JOURNALS DOCUMENTED Journals* Title Place Frec,uency Annals of the BhandarJcar Orzentai Kesearch institute Poona Quarterly Bengal Past and Present Calcutta bi-annual East and West Economic and Political weekly- Bombay Weekly Hindustan Times New Delhi Daily Illustrated Weekly of India Bombay Weekly Indian and Foreign Review New Delhli Serai Monthly Indian Economic and Social History Review Belhi Quarterly Indian Express New Delhi Daily Indian Railways New Delhi Monthly Inaica Bombay bi-annual Itihas Hyderabad bi-annual Journal of Ancient Indian History Calcutta bi-annual Journal o± Oriental Quarterly Institute Baroda Journal of Orissan History Journal of the Asiatic iiaocic-cy (Bengal) Calcutta wuaaterly Journal of the Asiatic Society, Boiobay Bombay Quarter!y Joux'nal of the Bihar and Orissa is.es^-arch Society Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Kendriya Sanskrit Vidya- pee tha Allahabad Quarterly Journal df the Karnat^ka University (Social Science) Mysore Annual Joux'nal of the Royal Asiatic .^ / Society of Bengal (newseries) Calcutta Journal of the United Provinces Historical Society Lucknow Journal of the Uttar Pradesh Historical Society. See Journal of the United Provinces Hisco­ rreal Society. Laksna T-alitkala New Delhi Link New Delhi Weekly Man in India Bombay Quarterly Marg Ranchi Quarterly Organiser New Delhi Weekly Orissa Historical Research Journal Bhubaneswar Quarterly Purana Varanasi bi-annual Roopa Lekha New Delhi bi-annual Social Weltare New Delhi Monthly Times of India New '^Ihi Daily Vishveswaranand Indolegical Journal Hoshiarpu: bi-annual INTRODUCTION At a time when people of Europe lived in caves and dressed in animal skins an advanced urban culture flowered in the Incius Valley a culture which produced elobcrate and skill fully crafted art facts houses of burnt bricks and well planned drainage system Ruins discovered at l-tohanjodaro in Sind, Harappa in the Punjab and at Nalanda in the Bihar, Juggest that this society first enlarged between 4500^and 5000 year ago the country in which we live is full of Monuments dated from 2500 BC to AD. ARCHITECTURE HISTORY Architecture as the enduring expression of the idea of men who planned and constructed noble edifices is certainly more useful for, the most characterstic records of former generation are their building, A careful study of those monu­ ments of the past will reveal to us* as nothing else can* the mines working of the minds of the persons responsible for their coi:istr^cT:ion, The written record gain meaning and color from architecture construction dike the Khaj raho Temple Complex Brahma tempxe at Khajuraho (IS ). The Marble Jain Temple at Dilwara, i^^ajasthan and the Jaganatha Temple at puri Orissa refelect ( TF ) the emotions and ideas of the ruler who built them. Similarly materials of artistic production take sculptures. Inscriptions ancient coins and Jewellary are important source for the field of history and histo­ rical research. Architectural remains in India so far as at present known, begin with the Buddhist period. There are found in sinall nxxmhers, rude stone monuments, such as Dolmens and cromrlechs, of uncertain age. But, though they may be considered Buildings of sorts they can not be classed as architecture. Relies a very great antiquity have, recently been brought to light in Sind Much of what was left upon the surface from early times have been removed by uhe people as suitable material for building there villa;, , homes for example the temple remains in navshidabad, west Bengal (14S) were used by the people as suitable material for building in this respect old bricks buildings of all ages when once aban­ doned owing to desecration, '. have suffered badly the old brick being more easly handled than stone. Starting from Sindh districts to South India immediately contiguous since Terri- •tailal boundaries do not co-ineide with those of the various styles of architecture that will be noticed. Thus it will be necessary to over step these boundaries in to the Gujarat, the Deceaxi plato, Karnataka and the Tamil Uadu are to pick up the out-line excimple of tne style described in various forms in w different temples and architecture, ,5uch as Hoysala* Shikara, Nagara* Dravida etc. Scattered throughout the length of Western India from the northern frontiers of jfiir.d to River Savitri from Savitri to Beraghat is foxind as great and a collection of ancient monuments as are to be met with in any other part of India of equal extent, indeed nin-tenths of rock cut temples of the Buddhist are to be found within the area, B^ohist, Jain, Hindu Muhammadans with the later partuguese Dutch Armenian and English remains help to make up a good.>y assortment, Stupas cave aad structural temples, mosques, toumbs, palaces fort churches, convents and graveyards are all represented, of^ceu quite near one anotlier succeeding each others from one end of the country to the other Just as varied as these reliijs of the raasoncraft are the peoples, languages and religious beliefs which gave rise to them, «part from Muhammadans and European these are practically no remarks of civil architecture to be found wells and tanks there are but these partake more txf religious character it being a particularly meritorious action to construct them as ensuring a hazier state in the hereafter Hinduism was all over the country and such was the case with others so that all people respected the temples of their gods to whatever state they paiu allegiance they were spared during invasion and raids and generally the person of their priesst were sacred, i^ot so witn civil buildings such as palaces which every showed no hesita­ tion in demolishing. Hence the construction of building of thc-t nature was a bad speculation and they were run up cheaply, though perhaps of gaudy materials the have all gone the way ot those who built them, but we got some idea of what tney were like from sculptures and beinhing such as may be seen ia the sculptures at the sanchi (170) take and the frescoes at the Ajanta caves once a temple was deserated it was abond- oned however costly a structure it may originally have been, it th€3fn feli a pray to the vandal for the sake of its materials. Commencing then, v/ith Bt^hist remains in the cave (^16) temples stand first. These rock temples and the monasteries and nui^ries which generally accompanied them are to be found mostly in the lov>ely places and ravines they were, thus secluded from the busy centers of population where the monk could free from all distractions concentrate their minds upon their stuaies and worship amidst the silence of the hills and forests. In this sequestered retreats they fashioned in bowels of tne mountain colxamned temples and halls, finished to the minutest detail and ornament with the utmost care. A close examination of these Rock temples ( :3 0?) shows that they follow wooden prototypes and this may be seen in the Nasik caisyes where not only are the beams and joint faithfully copied but the
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