Muographic Monitoring of the Volcano-Tectonic Evolution of Mount
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Muon Tomography Sites for Colombian Volcanoes
Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes A. Vesga-Ramírez Centro Internacional para Estudios de la Tierra, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Buenos Aires-Argentina. D. Sierra-Porta1 Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Centro de Modelado Científico, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo-Venezuela, J. Peña-Rodríguez, J.D. Sanabria-Gómez, M. Valencia-Otero Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia. C. Sarmiento-Cano Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. , M. Suárez-Durán Departamento de Física y Geología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona-Colombia H. Asorey Laboratorio Detección de Partículas y Radiación, Instituto Balseiro Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche-Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400, Bariloche-Argentina and Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. L. A. Núñez Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela. December 30, 2019 arXiv:1705.09884v2 [physics.geo-ph] 27 Dec 2019 1Corresponding author Abstract By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo- magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is mod- eled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production. -
Muon Tomography Algorithms for Nuclear Threat Detection
Muon Tomography Algorithms for Nuclear Threat Detection Richard Hoch 1, Debasis Mitra 1, Kondo Gnanvo 2, and Marcus Hohlmann 2 1D epartment of Computer Science & 2D epartment of Physics and Space Sciences Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA [email protected], {rhoch, hohlmann, kgnanvo}@fit.edu Abstract. In this article on Muon Tomography we report our work on the development of an intelligent pattern detection system for materials with high atomic numbers (Z) for Homeland Security application. Muons are naturally produced in the upper atmosphere by primary cosmic rays and are used as passive probes of a cargo volume. By sensing the incoming and outgoing tracks and measuring the momentum of each muon for a probed volume one may derive the scattering parameters. A statistical algorithm is being used to estimate scattering densities of the material in each unit volume (voxel) of the probed volume. The article describes the algorithm and some results from our simulation experiments. 1. Introduction Nuclear materials that pose a homeland security threat typically have high atomic numbers (Z > 82). It is of vital importance to develop smart, efficient, and inexpensive systems to detect such highZ materials without opening a container. Muons are produced by primary cosmic rays at the upper atmosphere provide an excellent source as passive probes for discriminating materials with different Z, without extra radiation or incurring any extra cost for the probe generation. Highly penetrating muon tracks may suffer from multiple scatterings by Coulomb Fig. 1. Scattering of a particle interaction with nuclei of atoms on its path. The amount of scattering depends on the charge Z of the corresponding nucleus [3] (Fig. -
Muon Tomography for Imaging and Verification of Spent Fuel
IAEA-CN-184/9 Muon Tomography for Imaging and Verification of Spent Fuel G. Jonkmans1, V. N. P. Anghel1, C. Jewett, M. Thompson1 1 Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, Canada [email protected] Abstract This paper explores the use of cosmic ray muons to image the content of, and to detect high-Z Special Fissionable Material inside, shielded containers. Cosmic ray muons are a naturally occurring form of radiation, are highly penetrating and exhibit large scattering angles on high-Z materials. Specifically, we investigated how radiographic and tomographic techniques can be effective for non-invasive nuclear material accountancy of spent fuel inside dry storage containers. We show that the tracking of individual muons, as they enter and exit a structure, can potentially improve the accuracy and availability of data on Dry Storage Containers (DSC) used for spent fuel storage at CANDU plants. This could be achieved in near real time, with the potential for unattended and remotely monitored operations. We show that the expected sensitivity to perform material accountancy, in the case of the DSC, exceeds the IAEA detection target for nuclear material accountancy. 1. Introduction Because of their unique ability to penetrate matter, cosmic ray muons can be used to image the interior of structures. Recently, a number of groups have extended the concept of muon radiography to the tracking of individual muons as they enter and exit a structure. Most current efforts have been toward demonstrating the potential for muon tomography to detect the smuggling of Special Nuclear Material (SFM) in cargo. This paper explores the application of muon tomography for nuclear material accountancy of spent fuel inside Dry Storage Containers (DSC) used to store spent CANDU® fuel. -
Imaging the Core of Fukushima Reactor with Muons
MUON TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING THE CORE OF FUKUSHIMA REACTOR WITH MUONS The 9.0-magnitude earthquake, followed by the vast tsunami on March 11, 2011, caused a nuclear crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi reactors. Damage of the reactor cores attracted worldwide attention to the issue of the fundamental safety of nuclear energy. The Japanese government announced a cold shutdown in December 2011, and began a new phase of cleanup and decommissioning. However, it is difficult to plan the dismantling of the reactors without a used experiments and modeling to show how muon imaging with de- realistic estimate of the extent of the damage to the cores and knowl- tectors external to the reactors can enable damage assessment inside edge of the location of the melted fuel. Access to the reactor buildings Fukushima. Physical Review Letters, AIP Advances, and the Journal of is very limited due to high radiation fields. Los Alamos researchers have Applied Physics have published different aspects of this work. Image from “Los Alamos, Toshiba probing Fukushima with cosmic rays,” Los Alamos National Laboratory YouTube video. Muon imaging offers the potential to image the nuclear reactor cores with- out access to the cores. The method utilizes naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons to image dense objects. There are two types of muon imaging: transmission and scattering. In practical applications, muon transmission imaging often suffers from poor position resolution due to the continuous scattering along the muon path, and from poor signal-to-noise ratio due to the small detection area (typically on the order of 2 m2). In addition, calcu- lating transmission requires precise knowledge the incident muon flux that can be difficult to estimate. -
How to Detect IR?
How to detect IR? Examples of IR equipment at the MIVIM laboratory, Laval University Visible photographs The passive approach is used when the object of interest has enough thermal contrast with respect to the background in order to be detected with an infrared Infrared sensor, e.g. a thermal IR thermograms camera. Muography Basics ❖ Discovered in 1930 Muons are Elementary particles coming naturally from the atmosphere ❖ Approximately 10,000 muons per minute strike each square meter ❖ About 2∼3 MILLIONS muons pass through our body each day. About 2∼3 MILLION muons pass through your body each day. Muon radiography’s basis is just like X-ray Silver Photographic Films Nagoya University Plastic Scintillator High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Gaz Detector Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) 3D Reconstruction SETUP 29/09/2016| 11 Thermal anomaly on Khufu’s Pyramid November 2015 292.4 50 292.2 292 100 Season : mid autumn (2015) 291.8 150 291.6 An unusual asymmetry was observed on right side of the 291.4 200 upper rafters , which should 291.2 normally be at the same IR, 04/11/2015, 05:52 am (before sunrise), cooled camera, photo lens, 175 m from50 the North100 Pyramid face150 (rain colormap200) 250 300 temperature as the rest of this part of the pyramid, given that this area is never directly exposed to the sun. Nevertheless, a higher temperature was systematically measured at the top right corner at every time of the day that was verified (early morning, day and night). Facing the rafters on the North face : 2 hotter areas detected. -
Feasibility Study of a New Cherenkov Detector for Improving Volcano Muography
sensors Article Feasibility Study of a New Cherenkov Detector for Improving Volcano Muography Domenico Lo Presti 1,2,† , Giuseppe Gallo 1,3,*,† , Danilo L. Bonanno 2,† , Daniele G. Bongiovanni 3,†, Fabio Longhitano 2,† and Santo Reito 2,† 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy “E. Maiorana”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] 2 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] (D.L.B.); [email protected] (F.L.); [email protected] (S.R.) 3 National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123 Catania, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 18 January 2019; Accepted: 5 March 2019; Published: 8 March 2019 Abstract: Muography is an expanding technique for internal structure investigation of large volume object, such as pyramids, volcanoes and also underground cavities. It is based on the attenuation of muon flux through the target in a way similar to the attenuation of X-ray flux through the human body for standard radiography. Muon imaging have to face with high background level, especially compared with the tiny near horizontal muon flux. In this paper the authors propose an innovative technique based on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation by Silicon photo-multipliers arrays to be integrated in a standard telescope for muography applications. Its feasibility study was accomplished by means of Geant4 simulations for the measurement of the directionality of cosmic-ray muons. -
Muon Geotomography: Selected Case Studies Rsta.Royalsocietypublishing.Org Doug Schouten
Muon geotomography: selected case studies rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org Doug Schouten CRM Geotomography Technologies, Inc., 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Review Vancouver, Canada DS, 0000-0002-0452-6320 Cite this article: Schouten D. 2018 Muon geotomography: selected case studies. Phil. Muon attenuation in matter can be used to infer the average material density along the path length Trans. R. Soc. A 377: 20180061. of muons underground. By mapping the intensity http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0061 of cosmic ray muons with an underground sensor, a radiographic image of the overburden above the Accepted: 12 October 2018 sensor can be derived. Multiple such images can be combined to reconstruct a three-dimensional density model of the subsurface. This article One contribution of 22 to a Theo Murphy summarizes selected case studies in applying muon meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’. tomography to mineral exploration, which we call muon geotomography. Subject Areas: This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting geophysics, high energy physics, issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’. particle physics Keywords: 1. Introduction muon tomography, muon geotomography, geophysics Muon radiography is a means of inferring average material density by measuring the attenuation of muons along a path length through matter. Muon tomography Author for correspondence: uses tomographic methods to derive three-dimensional Doug Schouten density maps from multiple muon radiographic images. e-mail: [email protected] Measurements of the muon intensity attenuation were first used by George [1] to measure the overburden of a railway tunnel, and by Alvarez et al. [2]insearches for hidden chambers within pyramids. More recently, muon radiography has been used in volcanology [3–7], in mineral exploration [8,9] and in various other industrial and security applications as summarized in [10]. -
An Abstract of the Dissertation Of
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Can Liao for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nuclear Engineering presented on May 31, 2018. Title: A Cosmic-ray Muon Tomography System for Safeguarding Dry Storage Casks. Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Haori Yang Because of the growth of the nuclear power industry in the United States and the policy to ban reprocessing of commercial spent nuclear fuel, the spent fuel inventory at commercial reactor sites has been increasing. With the Yucca Mountain project on hold, more spent fuel is expected to be stored in dry storage casks (DSC) at the independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI) for extended periods of time. These fuel assemblies are practically inaccessible for inspection purposes, as reopening a DSC would require special facilities and be tremendously expensive. There is currently no practical method to verify the content of a DSC once continuity of knowledge is lost, but cosmic ray muon imaging is under development as a method that could meet this need. Imaging with these muons has been demonstrated to be a viable non-destructive assay method for high-Z materials, such as those inside used nuclear fuel assemblies. Most often a gas-based detector system has been used. In this work, we report on a proof-of-concept muon tomography system made out of plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers. The prototype muon tomography system was designed, built, assembled and tested for the purpose of monitoring used nuclear fuel content inside dry storage casks. First, the simulation study suggested muon was a promising tool to image dense objects and benchmarked the idea of utilizing the muon image for cask inspection. -
Imaging a Dry Storage Cask with Cosmic Ray Muons
Project No. 14-6656 Imaging a Dry Storage Cask with Cosmic Ray Muons Fuel Cycle Research and Development Haori Yang Oregon State University Collaborators University of Tennessee, Knoxville Dan Vega, Federal POC Mike Miller, Technical POC Final Technical Report Project Title: Imaging a Dry Storage Cask with Cosmic Ray Muons Covering Period: October 2014 through December 2017 Date of Report: Mar. 31, 2018 Recipient: Oregon State University B308 Kerr Administration Corvallis, OR 97331 Identification Number: DE-NE0008292 Principal Investigator: Haori Yang, 541-737-7057, [email protected] Co-PI: Jason Hayward, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); David Chichester, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Graduate Students: Can Liao, [email protected] Zhengzhi Liu, [email protected] Project Objective: The goal of this project is to build a scaled prototype system for monitoring used nuclear fuel (UNF) dry storage casks (DSCs) through cosmic ray muon imaging. Such a system will have the capability of verifying the content inside a DSC without opening it. Because of the growth of the nuclear power industry in the U.S. and the policy decision to ban reprocessing of commercial UNF, the used fuel inventory at commercial reactor sites has been increasing. Currently, UNF needs to be moved to independent spent fuel storage installations (ISFSIs), as its inventory approaches the limit on capacity of on-site wet storage. Thereafter, the fuel will be placed in shipping containers to be transferred to a final disposal site. The ISFSIs were initially licensed as temporary facilities for ~20-yr periods. Given the cancellation of the Yucca mountain project and no clear path forward, extended dry-cask storage (~100 yr.) at ISFSIs is very likely. -
Creation of a Geant4 Muon Tomography Package for Imaging of Nuclear Fuel in Dry Cask Storage
Project No. 13-5376 Creation of a Geant4 Muon Tomography Package for Imaging of Nuclear Fuel in Dry Cask Storage Fuel Cycle Research and Development Leeri Tsoukalas Purdue University Dan Vegas, Federal POC Mike Miller, Technical POC PURDUE UNIVERSITY School of Nuclear Engineering 400 Central Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907 FINAL REPORT Project Title: Creation of a Geant4 Muon Tomography Package for Imaging of Nuclear Fuel in Dry Cask Storage (13-5376) Institution: School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University Workscope: FC-3 PICSNE Workpackage: NU-13-IN-PU__0301-03 Project Period: December 1, 2013 to November 30, 2015 Principal Investigator: Prof. Lefteri H. Tsoukalas, 765-496-9696, [email protected] West Lafayette, IN March 2016 ii PURDUE UNIVERSITY Document No: School of Nuclear Engineering Document Title: Final Report DOCUMENT REVISION SHEET Revision Description of Date Initials Notes Revision Prepared Reviewed 1 Original Version March 2016 SC LHT For submission to NEUP File Name: NEUP_Project_13-5376_FY2013_Final Report Revision: 1 iii Executive Summary This is the final report of the NEUP project “Creation of a Geant4 Muon Tomography Package for Imaging of Nuclear Fuel in Dry Cask Storage”, DE-NE0000695. The project started on December 1, 2013 and this report covers the period December 1, 2013 through November 30, 2015. The project was successfully completed and this report provides an overview of the main achievements, results and findings throughout the duration of the project. Additional details can be found in the main body of this report and on the individual Quarterly Reports and associated Deliverables of the project, uploaded in PICS-NE. -
Data Analysis and Detector Troubleshooting for the Silicon Muon Scanner
DOE/NV/03624--0230 FERMILAB-PUB-18-503-E Data Analysis and Detector Troubleshooting for the Silicon Muon Scanner V. Glasser, Cuyamaca College R. Lipton, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory August %&'( Abstract Muon tomography is the calculation of the density distribution of a material from the probable angles of muon Coulomb scattering in a sampled object. This allows the probing of internal object structures that cannot otherwise be observed. It has many important applications for both national security and other fields, such as archaeology and geology. Its uses range from detecting radioactive material intended for nuclear *eaponry to searching for hidden chambers in the ,gyptian pyramids. In this project *e intend to demonstrate the capability of a tomographic system *hich uses cosmic rays as the muon source and tracks each muon's initial and final trajectories to ascertain information about their scattering pattern. This method can be used to determine the structure or composition of an object, such as testing to see if a nuclear fuel cask is empty or full. /e intend this as an early R&D exploration into the practicality of implementing silicon microstrip sensors in border scans for radioactive contraband, as an alternative to existing drift tube technology. 1. Introduction 2ne of they key advantages to muon tomography is the ability to probe matter at sufficiently accurate resolution *ith ambient particles that are constantly penetrating the sample under normal conditions, exposing it to no additional radiation. /e can use muons present due to cosmic rays to image sam!les *ith no additional muon source necessary [1, 2]. -
Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data
Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data for the Density Imaging of the Puy de Dôme Volcano (France) Anne Barnoud, Valérie Cayol, Peter Lelièvre, Angelie Portal, Philippe Labazuy, Pierre Boivin, Lydie Gailler To cite this version: Anne Barnoud, Valérie Cayol, Peter Lelièvre, Angelie Portal, Philippe Labazuy, et al.. Ro- bust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data for the Density Imaging of the Puy de Dôme Volcano (France). Frontiers in Earth Science, Frontiers Media, 2021, 8, 10.3389/feart.2020.575842. hal-03108803 HAL Id: hal-03108803 https://hal.uca.fr/hal-03108803 Submitted on 13 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 11 January 2021 doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.575842 Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data for the Density Imaging of the Puy de Domeˆ Volcano (France) Anne Barnoud 1,2*, Valérie Cayol 2, Peter G. Lelièvre 3, Angélie Portal 2,4, Philippe Labazuy 2, Pierre Boivin 2 and Lydie Gailler 2 1LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, Clermont-Ferrand, France, 3Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada, 4BRGM, DRP/IGT, Orléans, France Imaging the internal structure of volcanoes helps highlighting magma pathways and monitoring potential structural weaknesses.