How to Detect IR?

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How to detect IR? Examples of IR equipment at the MIVIM laboratory, Laval University Visible photographs The passive approach is used when the object of interest has enough thermal contrast with respect to the background in order to be detected with an infrared Infrared sensor, e.g. a thermal IR thermograms camera. Muography Basics ❖ Discovered in 1930 Muons are Elementary particles coming naturally from the atmosphere ❖ Approximately 10,000 muons per minute strike each square meter ❖ About 2∼3 MILLIONS muons pass through our body each day. About 2∼3 MILLION muons pass through your body each day. Muon radiography’s basis is just like X-ray Silver Photographic Films Nagoya University Plastic Scintillator High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Gaz Detector Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) 3D Reconstruction SETUP 29/09/2016| 11 Thermal anomaly on Khufu’s Pyramid November 2015 292.4 50 292.2 292 100 Season : mid autumn (2015) 291.8 150 291.6 An unusual asymmetry was observed on right side of the 291.4 200 upper rafters , which should 291.2 normally be at the same IR, 04/11/2015, 05:52 am (before sunrise), cooled camera, photo lens, 175 m from50 the North100 Pyramid face150 (rain colormap200) 250 300 temperature as the rest of this part of the pyramid, given that this area is never directly exposed to the sun. Nevertheless, a higher temperature was systematically measured at the top right corner at every time of the day that was verified (early morning, day and night). Facing the rafters on the North face : 2 hotter areas detected. Distance 5 meters. 10:00 am 38 36 34 C) o 32 Pyramid 44 30 20 42 Temperature ( 28 40 Chevron top 40 26 Chevron top 60 Chevron bottom 38 V-bloc Chevron bottom Pyramide 80 36 6PM 9PM 12AM 3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM Time (hours) V-bloc 34 100 32 120 20 40 60 80 100 120 Where are we looking at? It’s impossible to setup emulsions films in the subterranean chamber because at such depth, as the number of observed / collected Muons is very low thanks to the massive volume of stones above. The area has been 3D reconstructed to be integrated in the simulations 3D Reconstruction with photogrammetry of the eroded area for Muons Simulation We observe a significant extra red area. There is an unknown void! Simulation Results ScanPyramids North Face Corridor 2017 detection SP-NFC What we should observe on the muographies from the Queen Chamber (simulations) Grand North North North Gallery West West West East East East East King’s Chamber South South South Nagoya NA Position Nagoya QA Position KEK Position 2 What we have obtained from the Queen Chamber (results) North North North West West West East East East East South South South Nagoya NA Position Nagoya QA Position KEK Position 2 What we have obtained from the Queen Chamber (results) North North North West West West East East East East South South South Nagoya NA Position Nagoya QA Position KEK Position 2 3 muography teams, 3 techniques, 99.9999% confidence level SP-BV The different muons excesses observed by 3 teams working independantly of each other Grand Gallery detect unambiguously the existence of ScanPyramids Big Void (SP-BV) SP-NFC.

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Muon Tomography Sites for Colombian Volcanoes
Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes A. Vesga-Ramírez Centro Internacional para Estudios de la Tierra, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Buenos Aires-Argentina. D. Sierra-Porta1 Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Centro de Modelado Científico, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo-Venezuela, J. Peña-Rodríguez, J.D. Sanabria-Gómez, M. Valencia-Otero Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia. C. Sarmiento-Cano Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. , M. Suárez-Durán Departamento de Física y Geología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona-Colombia H. Asorey Laboratorio Detección de Partículas y Radiación, Instituto Balseiro Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche-Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400, Bariloche-Argentina and Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina. L. A. Núñez Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela. December 30, 2019 arXiv:1705.09884v2 [physics.geo-ph] 27 Dec 2019 1Corresponding author Abstract By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo- magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is mod- eled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production.
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Robust Bayesian Joint Inversion of Gravimetric and Muographic Data
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ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, 63, 6, VO661, 2020; doi:10.4401/ag-8353 Muon Tomography sites for Colombian volcanoes Alejandra Vesga-Ramírez1, David Sierra-Porta*,2, Jésus Peña-Rodríguez3, José David Sanabria-Gómez3, Martha Valencia-Otero3, Christian Sarmiento-Cano4, 5 6 7 Mauricio Suárez-Durán , Hernán Asorey , Luis A. Núñez (1) Centro Internacional para Estudios de la Tierra, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Buenos Aires-Argentina (2) Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10 Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia (3) Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia (4) Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina (5) Departamento de Física y Geología, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona-Colombia (6) Laboratorio Detección de Partículas y Radiación, Instituto Balseiro. Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Bariloche-Argentina;Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, 8400, Bariloche-Argentina and Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas, 1650, Buenos Aires-Argentina (7) Escuela de Física, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga-Colombia and Departamento de Física, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela Article history: received October 23, 2019; accepted January 2, 2020 Abstract By using a very detailed simulation scheme, we have calculated the cosmic ray background flux at 13 active Colombian volcanoes and developed a methodology to identify the most convenient places for a muon telescope to study their inner structure. Our simulation scheme considers three critical factors with different spatial and time scales: the geo-magnetic effects, the development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere, and the detector response at ground level. The muon energy dissipation along the path crossing the geological structure is modeled considering the losses due to ionization, and also contributions from radiative Bremßtrahlung, nuclear interactions, and pair production.
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