LANGUAGE and LEARNING a Discourse Analytical Study of the Children TV Programme Team Umizoomi

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LANGUAGE and LEARNING a Discourse Analytical Study of the Children TV Programme Team Umizoomi UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y HUMANIDADES DEPARTAMENTO DE LINGÜÍSTICA LANGUAGE AND LEARNING A discourse analytical study of the children TV programme Team Umizoomi Informe final de Seminario de Grado para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Inglesas Autores Francisca Contreras Rocuant María Paz Contreras Theoduloz María José Navarro Allende Dante Noziglia Farías Felipe Parra Aravena Camila Rodríguez Bravo Camila Saldías Sandoval Loreto Segovia Fuentes Profesor Guía Saeid Atoofi Santiago, Chile Diciembre 2015 LANGUAGE AND LEARNING 2 ABSTRACT Modern children TV shows are heavily geared to engage children in learning new contents. Similar to any educational context, the transfer of knowledge in children TV shows is informed by three prominent psychological theories: behaviourism, cognitivism, and sociocultural theory. Much research about learning in children TV shows utilise psychological methods and theory that, for the most part, ignore the role of language as a discourse strategy and a semiotic resource that interact with learning. An episode of the children TV show Team Umizoomi, titled The Elephant Sprinkler, was selected as a point of departure to understand the relationship between communicative resources such as discourse strategies and semiotic sign system, on the one hand, and learning within the framework of three major psychological learning theories, on the other hand. Discourse analytical methods were used to process and analyse data. Results suggest that the episode heavily utilises discourse strategies and also the Peircean sign system theory that relates to sociocultural theory of learning. This research may be useful for scholars from diverse academic and professional areas that aim at education. Similarly, the findings may contribute positively to improve television productions for future children TV shows. This study faced limitations in terms of data selection as well as the lack of real target audience’s reactions. Keywords: Behaviourism, Children TV Shows, Cognitivism, Discourse Strategies, Education, Learning, Learning Theories, Semiotics, Sociocultural Theory. LANGUAGE AND LEARNING 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Primeramente, agradecemos como grupo a todas las personas que contribuyeron directa e indirectamente en este estudio y, por sobre todo, a nuestro profesor de seminario, Saeid Atoofi, por su apoyo incondicional, por creer en nosotros y por guiarnos en este proceso. Quiero agradecer por sobre todas las cosas a mi familia y a mis amigos. En especial, a ti, mamá, conocida por muchos como “la mejor madre de todas”; siempre he sentido que tengo tu apoyo sea lo que sea que haya hecho o decida hacer (eres realmente la mejor). Y a mis maravillosos amigos, por todo su apoyo, interés, ¡y aguante! Por quererme y querer hacer de mí una mejor persona. El karma me ha favorecido poniéndolos a ustedes en mi camino, y lo valoro mucho. También quiero agradecer a los profesores de este programa, muchos de los cuales son verdaderas joyas y gracias a los que he aprendido tanto durante estos cuatro años… Y mis gatos que se han sentado sobre mi notebook mientras escribía...Y a todos quienes directa o indirectamente me han ayudado en mi camino, incluso sin yo saberlo. I’m a lucky woman. ¡Gracias! Francisca Contreras Rocuant Quiero agradecer en primer lugar a mi familia, que siempre han estado conmigo en todos los momentos importantes de mi vida y estoy segura que siempre estarán ahí, además quisiera remarcar el hecho que mi familia me ha apoyado en todo momento y me ha aconsejado y motivado durante mis años de estudio. También quiero agradecer al profesor Saeid Atoofi, porque nos apoyó y nos dio la confianza y libertad para la elaboración de esta tesis y también para poder desarrollarnos como futuros profesionales; además me gustaría agradecer a mis compañeros de seminario por el trabajo que hicimos en estos meses y porque siempre, siempre fuimos capaces de resolver los pequeños problemas. También quiero agradecer a mis amigas que estuvieron conmigo estos años e hicieron este proceso más fácil, finalmente agradecer a Dios por permitirme llegar a este punto y poder lograr mis objetivos. María Paz Contreras Theoduloz LANGUAGE AND LEARNING 4 Mis profundos agradecimientos van, en primer lugar, a mis padres, puesto que todos estos años me han entregado todo y más de lo necesario; es gracias a ellos que hoy en día valoro y aprecio la gran arma y obsequio de la educación. Gracias papá por heredarme ese amor por lo que uno hace, y a ti mamá por entregarme el coraje para atreverme a hacer cosas nuevas o difíciles. Agradezco también a mis hermanas quienes me aconsejaron muchas veces y tantas otras me dieron una mano cuando el camino se hizo cuesta arriba. A todos los profesores que he tenido durante mi vida y forjaron en mí la motivación y la fuerza de voluntad, gracias. Doy las gracias a cada persona que cruzó por mi camino y me entregó lecciones de las que aprender, ya sean buenas o malas, no sería quien soy hoy de no ser por ustedes. María José Navarro Allende Quiero agradecer, en primer lugar a mis padres, gracias a su infinito e incondicional apoyo, a su gran cariño, afecto y dedicación entregados durante toda mi vida que me han permitido tomar decisiones importantes en este proceso llamado Universidad. Te agradezco papá por estar ahí para levantarme en los momentos más complicados de mi vida, además darme la energía para continuar cada vez que lo necesité; y a ti mamá por el ánimo y la perseverancia para lograr mis metas trazadas; a mis abuelitas que iluminaron mi camino con su sabiduría. En segundo lugar, a mis compañeros de seminario y a nuestro profesor guía Saeid Atoofi que sin su esfuerzo y su completa disposición no podríamos haber logrado culminar este informe; a mis profesores que me dieron las herramientas y la motivación para atreverme a enfrentar nuevos proyectos académicos en el futuro. Finalmente a Dios que me diste el refugio y la tranquilidad durante estos años. Dante Noziglia Farías LANGUAGE AND LEARNING 5 Agradezco a madre por su infinito apoyo y amor. También a Fernanda por ser uno de los pilares fundamentales en mi vida. A los amigos y amigas que han estado conmigo desde siempre y que estoy seguro seguirán haciéndolo. A Camila por ser una gran compañera y amiga de locuras. Además, quiero agradecer a la hermosa música que hace la banda Explosions in the Sky porque gracias a ellos logré concentrarme y motivarme. Igualmente agradezco a la gente que conocí en esta carrera, a mis compañeros en este proyecto y a los profesores que confiaron en mis capacidades. Felipe Parra Aravena Quiero agradecer a mi familia y amigos por estar presentes durante este proceso, el más importante de mi vida. Agradecer especialmente a mis queridas amigas: Déborah, Mónica y Constanza por no dejarme caer nunca, por su infinito cariño y por no irse de mi lado; a mi amiga Carol por permanecer todos estos años, por ser una luz que alumbró el más difícil de los caminos; a mis compañeros de Seminario y a nuestro profesor, porque tuvimos más alegrías que tristezas, más risas que rabias, porque a pesar de la incertidumbre salimos adelante; y especialmente a mi amigo Felipe, por ser mi fiel compañero de aventuras, por ser un hermano para mí, por el camino profesional que estamos apenas iniciando y que espero continuemos construyendo por mucho tiempo más. A todas las personas nombradas, gracias por su apoyo y amor incondicional, por apartarme del dolor, por enseñarme a vivir. Camila Rodríguez Bravo LANGUAGE AND LEARNING 6 Quiero agradecer a mi familia por su apoyo incondicional a lo largo de toda mi vida. A mis papás, gracias por ser unos padres maravillosos y por apoyarme en las decisiones que he tomado; ustedes, con su esfuerzo y amor, han estado detrás de mí para levantarme en mis tropezones y guiándome como persona. A mi hermana Fabiola que siempre me acompañaste y me escuchaste cuando tuve que llorar y saltamos abrazadas y contentas cuando lograba mis metas. A mis tatas, paternos y maternos, y mi tía Susana. Agradezco especialmente a mi pololo, Alexis, porque siempre estuviste ahí, me comprendiste y escuchaste cuando estuve angustiada y formaste parte de mis alegrías también. Agradezco a mi profesor guía Saeid Atoofi y a las profesoras Pascuala y Ximena y también a mis compañeros de seminario. Finalmente, y aunque no soy de religiones, agradezco a Dios, porque creo que me ayudaste varias, demasiadas veces. Camila Saldías Sandoval Primeramente, agradeceré a mis papás, a mi hermana y hermano por su infinito apoyo y comprensión durante mi desarrollo académico, pero sobre todo a mis papás por darme todas las herramientas para llegar hasta donde me encuentro ahora, sacrificándose todos los días por mi bienestar. Quiero también agradecer a mis primos José y Mario y a mis tías paternas por siempre brindarme su ayuda y una sonrisa en los momentos más necesarios. Me siento además agradecida de mi lela por poner sus ilusiones en mi futuro. Adicionalmente, doy las gracias a mis amigos Mirko y Janny por su compañía y ánimos incondicionales. Gracias también a mis compañeros de seminario por ser parte de este último proceso y a los profesores que creyeron en mí y me impulsaron a lo largo de la carrera. Finalmente, a mis amigas y compañeras que estuvieron conmigo desde el primer año, muchas gracias. Loreto Segovia LANGUAGE AND LEARNING 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………… 10 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK………………………………………………… 17 2.1 LEARNING THEORIES……………………………………………………… 17 2.1.1 Behaviourism……………………………………………………………. 17 2.1.2 Cognitivism……………………………………………………………… 22 2.1.3 Sociocultural theory……………………………………………………... 27 2.2 DISCOURSE STRATEGIES…………………………………………………. 31 2.2.1 The notion of discourse…………………………………………………. 31 2.2.2 Discourse Strategies…………………………………………………….. 35 2.2.3 Language and its relation as facilitator and mediator of learning……….
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