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8BI0 02 Que 20160525.Pdf Write your name here Surname Other names Pearson Edexcel Centre Number Candidate Number Level 3 GCE Biology B Advanced Subsidiary Paper 2: Core Physiology and Ecology Tuesday 7 June 2016 – Afternoon Paper Reference Time: 1 hour 30 minutes 8BI0/02 You may need a ruler, a pencil and a calculator. Total Marks Instructions • Use black ink or ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. • Answer all questions. • Show your working in any calculation questions and include units in your answer where appropriate. • Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. • You may use a scientific calculator. • In questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to structure your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or follow on from each other where appropriate. Information • The total mark for this paper is 80. • The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Advice • Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. • Try to answer every question. • Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over P49832A ©2016 Pearson Education Ltd. *P49832A0136* 3/3/2/2/2/ Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided. THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . 1 Cholera is a disease caused by a bacterial infection that affects the absorption of water in the small intestine. (a) The photograph shows part of one epithelial cell from the wall of the small intestine. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT This cell is adapted to absorb substances by active transport. State what is meant by the term active transport. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................RAFT..................................................................................................................................................... De...............................................................................................................................xempl...............................................................................................................................ar ...................... DeRxeAmFpTlar DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT 2 *P49832A0236* (b) The bacteria that cause cholera release a toxin. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT This toxin affects the CFTR protein found in the membrane of intestinal epithelium cells. The toxin causes the CFTR protein to pump more chloride ions out of these cells into the intestine. This causes a lot of water to be lost in the faeces. Explain how the toxin causes this water loss. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (c) The CFTR protein is also found in the membrane of epithelial cells in the lungs. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic condition caused by mutations of the allele for the CFTR protein. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT This can result in the production of thick, highly viscous mucus in the bronchioles and bronchi. Explain why the blood of people with cystic fibrosis has a low oxygen concentration. (2) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................RAFT..................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................xempl...............................................................................................................................ar ...................... DeRxeAmFpTlar De.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT 3 *P49832A0336* Turn over (d) There is a high frequency of mutated CFTR alleles in some human populations. In an experiment, three groups of genetically modified mice were infected with THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT cholera bacteria. The relative volume of water in their faeces was measured. The results are shown in the table. Relative volume of Group water in faeces Mice with two normal CFTR alleles 1.0 DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT Mice with one normal and one mutated 0.5 CFTR allele Mice with two mutated CFTR alleles 0.1 Use the information in the table to explain why the mutated CFTR allele has a high frequency in some human populations. THIS AREA WRITE IN DO NOT (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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