DOCSLIB.ORG

The Downfall of the Port of Ostend in the 20Th Century: Causes and Consequences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Downfall of the Port of Ostend in the 20Th Century: Causes and Consequences MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MARITIME SCIENCE MASTER DISSERTATION Academic year 2018 – 2019 The downfall of the port of Ostend in the 20th century: causes and consequences Maxime Brackeniers Number of words: 28,268 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements Supervisor: Professor. dr. Frank Maes for the degree of: Master of Science in Maritime Science Assessor: Klaas Willaert Deze pagina is niet beschikbaar omdat ze persoonsgegevens bevat. Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent, 2021. This page is not available because it contains personal information. Ghent Universit , Librar , 2021. Acknowledgments In this preface I would like to thank everyone who helped me making this master dissertation possible. First of all I would like to acknowledge Prof. dr. Frank Maes for his guidance and advice throughout the writing of this master dissertation. Secondly, I would also like to thank Prof. dr. Christian Koninckx and Prof. dr. emeritus. Georges Allaert for their time and helpful advice. Thirdly, I would like to thank my family and friends for the support and guidance throughout the writing of this master dissertation. ii Table of content Permission ................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgments ................................................................................................... ii Introduction .............................................................................................................. v Glossary of abbreviations ...................................................................................... viii List of tables ........................................................................................................... ix List of figures .......................................................................................................... xi 1. A better understanding of the importance of the Belgian ports ................... 1 1.1. Importance of Belgian ports ....................................................................... 1 2. The history of the port of Ostend ................................................................ 4 2.1. The early period (800 AD. – 1600 AD.) ...................................................... 4 2.2. Ostend in the 17th and 18th century .......................................................... 5 2.3. Ostend in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century ............................. 8 2.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 10 3. Different causes for the decline of the port of Ostend in the 20th century . 11 3.1. The emergence of Zeebrugge as a port and its impact on the goods handled in the port of Ostend ................................................................................. 11 3.1.1. History of the port of Zeebrugge ............................................................... 11 3.1.2. A comparison between the evolution of the port of Zeebrugge and the port of Ostend in figures ............................................................................................... 13 3.1.3. Important investments done in the port of Zeebrugge during the second half of the 20th century .......................................................................................... 19 3.1.4. Important investments done in the port of Ostend during the second half of the 20th century ..................................................................................................... 22 3.1.5. The favourable conditions of the port of Zeebrugge over the port of Ostend 25 3.1.6. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 27 3.2. Shifting of the naval base from the port of Ostend to the port of Zeebrugge 29 3.2.1. History of the Belgian Royal Marine and its connection with the port of Ostend 29 3.2.2. Importance of the Belgian marine in the port of Ostend during the last decade of the 20th century .................................................................................... 31 3.2.3. Possible impact of the shift of the naval base from the port of Ostend to the port of Zeebrugge .................................................................................................. 34 3.2.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 35 3.3. The decline of the Belgian fishing industry and the disappearance of Ostend as the main fishing port of Belgium ............................................................ 36 3.3.1. History of the Belgian fishing industry ....................................................... 36 3.3.2. The decline of the Belgian fishing industry ............................................... 38 3.3.3. The impact of the decline of the Belgian fishing industry on the port of Ostend 41 3.3.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 46 iii 3.4. The downfall of the RMT .......................................................................... 48 3.4.1. The history of the Ostend-Dover line ........................................................ 48 3.4.2. The downfall of the RMT .......................................................................... 50 3.4.3. The impact of the downfall of the RMT on the port of Ostend ................... 54 3.4.3.1. The impact of the RMT on the port of Ostend during the period from 1991 until 1998 ................................................................................................. 54 3.4.3.2. The impact of the abolishment of the RMT in 1997 on the port of Ostend during the period from 1997 until 2002 ..................................................... 56 3.4.4. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 60 4. A glance at the future............................................................................................. 62 4.1. The evolution of the port of Ostend since the end of the 20th century .............. 62 5. Final conclusion ..................................................................................................... 65 6. Reference list ........................................................................................................ 66 iv Introduction Since their existence, ports have always been important gateways for the exchange of goods, people and ideas. These exchanges have determined the importance that specific regions have attained in world history throughout time by creating contacts with foreign societies (Antunes, 2010). Thus, it can be said that ports have been centres of commerce for both Coastal states and certain land bound countries. Regardless of the harbour’s main marine activity, ships are obliged to leave from one port and arrive at the same or another port. Thus, ports can be perceived as entry and exit points of a certain country. The reason for entering or leaving a port can differ however. Common reasons are fishing, trading, cruising or even to conduct a war (Koninckx & Serruys, 2016). These reasons are showing that ports can play an important role in the long-term growth of a state and in the regional development of a region. Despite the fact that ports conduct an important role in the economy of a country and the fact that ports are often seen as connection points with overseas countries, these ports can still face periods of decline in their existence. The decline of ports can be caused by multiple macroeconomic or microeconomic factors or by a confluence of factors which may for example depend on the current economic situation of a country or on the competition between ports. This master dissertation examines the decline of the port of Ostend in the 20th century and the main causes and consequences of this decline. The focus will primarily be put on the last three decades of the 20th century, since the decline was at its peak during this period. To find an answer on our research, the decline of Ostend in the 20th century will be proven by asking different questions. The questions are as follows: - Can the emergence of the port of Zeebrugge have had an impact on the decline of the port of Ostend in the 20th century? - Can the shifting of the naval base from the port of Ostend to the port of Zeebrugge have had an impact on the decline of the port of Ostend in the 20th century? - Can the decline of the Belgian fishing industry have had an impact on the decline of the port of Ostend in the 20th century? - Can the abolishment of the Regie voor Maritiem Transport have had an impact on the decline of the port of Ostend in the 20th century? To provide an answer to the main research question, a qualitative research has been used, but for some assumptions numbers and figures are used. The information is gathered from sources obtained from the internet, libraries, the archive of Ostend, interviews with Prof. dr. emeritus. Georges Allaert and Prof. dr. emeritus. Christian Koninckx and a presentation given by Jan Allaert, commercial director of the port of Ostend. v This master dissertation will consist out of four chapters and each of these chapters will handle a specific subject. By creating certain chapters, it will be easier to give an answer to the research question in a structured and well-ordered way. In the first chapter “A better understanding of the Belgian ports”, the definition of the word “seaport” that will be used throughout
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Economic Importance of the Belgian Ports : Flemish Maritime Ports, Liège Port Complex and the Port of Brussels – Report 2006
    Economic importance of the Belgian ports : Flemish maritime ports, Liège port complex and the port of Brussels – Report 2006 Working Paper Document by Saskia Vennix June 2008 No 134 Editorial Director Jan Smets, Member of the Board of Directors of the National Bank of Belgium Statement of purpose: The purpose of these working papers is to promote the circulation of research results (Research Series) and analytical studies (Documents Series) made within the National Bank of Belgium or presented by external economists in seminars, conferences and conventions organised by the Bank. The aim is therefore to provide a platform for discussion. The opinions expressed are strictly those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bank of Belgium. Orders For orders and information on subscriptions and reductions: National Bank of Belgium, Documentation - Publications service, boulevard de Berlaimont 14, 1000 Brussels Tel +32 2 221 20 33 - Fax +32 2 21 30 42 The Working Papers are available on the website of the Bank: http://www.nbb.be © National Bank of Belgium, Brussels All rights reserved. Reproduction for educational and non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that the source is acknowledged. ISSN: 1375-680X (print) ISSN: 1784-2476 (online) NBB WORKING PAPER No. 134 - JUNE 2008 Abstract This paper is an annual publication issued by the Microeconomic Analysis service of the National Bank of Belgium. The Flemish maritime ports (Antwerp, Ghent, Ostend, Zeebrugge), the Autonomous Port of Liège and the port of Brussels play a major role in their respective regional economies and in the Belgian economy, not only in terms of industrial activity but also as intermodal centres facilitating the commodity flow.
    [Show full text]
  • Fietsen Met Zeezicht 10 Nieuwe Fietsroutes
    FIETSEN MET ZEEZICHT 10 NIEUWE FIETSROUTES verken het vernieuwde fietsnetwerk aan de Kust! 1 VAN DE PANNE TOT KNOKKE-HEIST e Kust nodigt uit om te fietsen. Een fietstochtje met zeezicht Dbrengt de gezondheid van een mens naar topniveau. Het is heerlijk vertoeven aan de Kust. Elke kustgemeente heeft haar troeven. Strand en zee zijn dichtbij en altijd zijn er mooie en lekkere plekjes om even halt te houden. www.dekust.be Van De Panne tot Knokke-Heist. Voor jong en minder jong. De Kust is een heerlijke bestemming voor een korte dichtbijvakantie. Meer nog, een verblijf aan de Kust doet altijd deugd. Met deze unieke fietspocket ontdek je 10 fietsroutes op het vernieuwde fietsnetwerk aan de Kust. De nieuwe paden, knooppunten, De Panne 6 verbindingsassen op het netwerk Koksijde-Oostduinkerke 10 loodsen je langs mooie natuur, Nieuwpoort 14 adresjes, bezienswaardigheden,... Middelkerke-Westende 18 in elke kustgemeente. Oostende 22 Bredene 26 Veel fietsplezier! De Haan-Wenduine 30 Blankenberge 34 Zeebrugge 38 Knokke-Heist 42 Colofon Realisatie: Westtoer, Dirk Marteel en Helena Wullepit & Roularta Custom Media: Els Vanhuysse, Project Manager Special Products, Meiboomlaan 33, 8800 Roeselare, tel. 051 26 61 11 | Redactie: Sophie Allegaert | Vormgeving: Erik Desombere | Kaartjes: Hans Vanneste | Eindredactie: Evy Alliet • Met dank aan Westtoer voor het ter beschikking stellen van de beelden. Verantwoordelijke uitgever: Sophie Van Iseghem, p/a Roularta Media Group NV, Meiboomlaan 33, 8800 Roeselare. Deze uit- gave is een gratis bijlage bij Nest. Met dank aan de partners voor de informatie. 2 3 ONTDEK HET VERNIEUWDE FIETSNETWERK IN WEST-VLAANDEREN West-Vlaanderen en de Kust in het bijzonder zijn de fiets- bestemming bij uitstek.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramsgate Development Plan 1
    Ramsgate Development Plan 1. Overview 1.1 Ramsgate’s Economy 1 1.2 Visitors 1.3 Town Centre 1.4 Coastal Frontage 2. Challenges 3 2.1 Historical 2.2 Pre COVID 2.3 Post COVID 3. Opportunities 6 3.1 Town Centre 3.2 Visitors 3.3 Active Ramsgate 3.4 Relocation (Down from London) and elsewhere 3.5 Maritime Heritage 3.6 Fishing 3.7 Individual Skills Development 4. Development Projects – Town Centre 9 4.1 Town Centre/High Street 4.2 Future High Street Scheme 4.3 Project Motorhouse 4.4 Radford House 4.5 Creative Industries 5. Development Projects – Seafront 14 5.1 Ramsgate Port 5.1.1 Commercial Fishing 5.1.2 Commercial Port 5.1.3 Marine Energy 5.1.4 Royal Harbour and Historic Waterfront 5.1.5 Ship Repair 5.1.6 TDC Report on Ports Future 5.2 Clock House and Pier Yard 5.2.1 Pier Yard 5.2.2 Clock House 5.3 Beach Club 5.4 Ramsgate Tunnels 5.5 Granville Hotel 5.6 Granville Theatre 6. Policy Considerations, National and Local 23 6.1 National 6.2 Thanet District Council/KCC/MP 6.3 Ramsgate Town Council 1. Overview Thanet’s Local Development Plan, describes Ramsgate as a coastal town and former seaport, characterised by handsome Georgian and Victorian buildings, its unique Royal Harbour, and south facing sandy beach. It has a compact town centre which is a mixture of deprivation and opportunity. It has a thriving waterfront bordering the Royal Harbour and marina. It is well-served by a fast rail service from London (just over an hour) and by bus routes linking it to other parts of Thanet, Dover, and Canterbury.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Report No. 183 Report No. 183
    REPORT NO. 183 HISTORICAL SECTION CANADIAN MILITARY HEADQUARTERS CANADIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE OPERATIONS IN NORTH WEST EUROPE, 1944. PART IV: FIRST CANADIAN ARMY IN THE PURSUIT (23 AUG - 30 SEP) CONTENTS PAGE THE GENERAL STRATEGIC PLAN ........................ 1 THE 2 CDN CORPS PLAN OF PURSUIT TO THE SEINE ............... 4 THE GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY WEST OF THE SEINE ................. 5 THE ENEMY'S PLIGHT ............................ 6 THE ADVANCE TO THE SEINE BY 2 CDN CORPS .................. 8 THE ADVANCE OF 1 BRIT CORPS, 17 AUG 44 ..................16 FIRST CDN ARMY PLANS FOR THE SEINE CROSSINGS ...............25 PREPARATIONS BY 2 CDN CORPS ........................27 4 CDN ARMD DIV BRIDGEHEAD, 27 - 28 AUG ..................31 3 CDN INF DIV BRIDGEHEAD, 27 - 30 AUG ...................33 CLEARING THE FORET DE LA LONDE, 4 CDN INF BDE OPERATIONS 27 - 30 AUG ...36 OPERATIONS OF 6 CDN INF BDE, 26 - 30 AUG .................45 THE GERMAN CROSSINGS OF THE SEINE .....................49 THE ADVANCE FROM THE SEINE BRIDGEHEADS ..................50 2 CDN INF DIV RETURNS TO DIEPPE, 1 SEP ..................60 THE ARRIVAL AT THE SOMME .........................62 THE GERMAN RETREAT FROM THE SEINE TO THE SOMME ..............66 1 REPORT NO. 183 THE THRUST FROM THE SOMME .........................68 2 CDN CORPS ARMOUR REACHES THE GHENT CANAL ................72 2 CDN INF DIV INVESTS DUNKIRK .......................77 ALLIED PLANS FOR FUTURE OPERATIONS ....................85 2 CDN CORPS TASKS, 12 SEP .........................89 2 REPORT NO. 183 CONTENTS PAGE OPERATIONS OF 1 POL ARMD DIV EAST OF THE TERNEUZEN CANAL, 11 - 22 SEP ...90 FIRST CDN ARMY'S RESPONSIBILITY - TO OPEN ANTWERP TO SHIPPING .......92 4 CDN ARMD DIV'S ATTEMPT TO BRIDGE THE LEOPOLD CANAL, 13 - 14 SEP .....96 THE CLEARING OPERATIONS WEST OF THE TERNEUZEN CANAL 14 - 21 SEP ......99 2 CDN INF DIV IN THE ANTWERP AREA, 16 - 20 SEP ............
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Towns
    House of Commons ODPM: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Committee Coastal Towns Session 2005–06 Volume II: Written Evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 27 March 2006 HC 1023-II Published on 18 April 2006 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £18.50 The ODPM: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Committee The ODPM: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and its associated bodies. Current membership Dr Phyllis Starkey MP (Labour, Milton Keynes South West) (Chair) Sir Paul Beresford MP (Conservative, Mole Valley) Mr Clive Betts MP (Labour, Sheffield Attercliffe) Lyn Brown MP (Labour, West Ham) John Cummings MP (Labour, Easington) Greg Hands MP (Conservative, Hammersmith and Fulham) Martin Horwood MP (Liberal Democrats, Cheltenham) Anne Main MP (Conservative, St Albans) Mr Bill Olner MP (Labour, Nuneaton) Dr John Pugh MP (Liberal Democrats, Southport) Alison Seabeck MP (Labour, Plymouth, Devonport) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on
    [Show full text]
  • Belgium-Luxembourg-7-Preview.Pdf
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Belgium & Luxembourg Bruges, Ghent & Antwerp & Northwest Belgium Northeast Belgium p83 p142 #_ Brussels p34 Wallonia p183 Luxembourg p243 #_ Mark Elliott, Catherine Le Nevez, Helena Smith, Regis St Louis, Benedict Walker PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to BRUSSELS . 34 ANTWERP Belgium & Luxembourg . 4 Sights . 38 & NORTHEAST Belgium & Luxembourg Tours . .. 60 BELGIUM . 142 Map . 6 Sleeping . 62 Antwerp (Antwerpen) . 144 Belgium & Luxembourg’s Eating . 65 Top 15 . 8 Around Antwerp . 164 Drinking & Nightlife . 71 Westmalle . 164 Need to Know . 16 Entertainment . 76 Turnhout . 165 First Time Shopping . 78 Lier . 167 Belgium & Luxembourg . .. 18 Information . 80 Mechelen . 168 If You Like . 20 Getting There & Away . 81 Leuven . 174 Getting Around . 81 Month by Month . 22 Hageland . 179 Itineraries . 26 Diest . 179 BRUGES, GHENT Hasselt . 179 Travel with Children . 29 & NORTHWEST Haspengouw . 180 Regions at a Glance . .. 31 BELGIUM . 83 Tienen . 180 Bruges . 85 Zoutleeuw . 180 Damme . 103 ALEKSEI VELIZHANIN / SHUTTERSTOCK © SHUTTERSTOCK / VELIZHANIN ALEKSEI Sint-Truiden . 180 Belgian Coast . 103 Tongeren . 181 Knokke-Heist . 103 De Haan . 105 Bredene . 106 WALLONIA . 183 Zeebrugge & Western Wallonia . 186 Lissewege . 106 Tournai . 186 Ostend (Oostende) . 106 Pipaix . 190 Nieuwpoort . 111 Aubechies . 190 Oostduinkerke . 111 Ath . 190 De Panne . 112 Lessines . 191 GALERIES ST-HUBERT, Beer Country . 113 Enghien . 191 BRUSSELS P38 Veurne . 113 Mons . 191 Diksmuide . 114 Binche . 195 MISTERVLAD / HUTTERSTOCK © HUTTERSTOCK / MISTERVLAD Poperinge . 114 Nivelles . 196 Ypres (Ieper) . 116 Waterloo Ypres Salient . 120 Battlefield . 197 Kortrijk . 123 Louvain-la-Neuve . 199 Oudenaarde . 125 Charleroi . 199 Geraardsbergen . 127 Thuin . 201 Ghent . 128 Aulne . 201 BRABO FOUNTAIN, ANTWERP P145 Contents UNDERSTAND Belgium & Luxembourg Today .
    [Show full text]
  • Belgium-Luxembourg-6-Contents.Pdf
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Belgium & Luxembourg Bruges & Antwerp & Western Flanders Eastern Flanders p83 p142 #_ Brussels p34 Western Wallonia p182 The Ardennes p203 Luxembourg p242 #_ THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Helena Smith, Andy Symington, Donna Wheeler PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Belgium BRUSSELS . 34 Antwerp to Ghent . 164 & Luxembourg . 4 Around Brussels . 81 Westmalle . 164 Belgium South of Brussels . 81 Hoogstraten . 164 & Luxembourg Map . 6 Southwest of Brussels . 82 Turnhout . 164 Belgium North of Brussels . 82 Lier . 166 & Luxembourg’s Top 15 . 8 Mechelen . 168 Need to Know . 16 BRUGES & WESTERN Leuven . 173 First Time . 18 FLANDERS . 83 Leuven to Hasselt . 177 Hasselt & Around . 178 If You Like . 20 Bruges (Brugge) . 85 Tienen . 178 Damme . 105 Month by Month . 22 Hoegaarden . 179 The Coast . 106 Zoutleeuw . 179 Itineraries . 26 Knokke-Heist . 107 Sint-Truiden . 180 Travel with Children . 29 Het Zwin . 107 Tongeren . 180 Regions at a Glance . .. 31 De Haan . 107 Zeebrugge . 108 Lissewege . 108 WESTERN Ostend (Oostende) . 108 WALLONIA . 182 MATT MUNRO /LONELY PLANET © PLANET /LONELY MUNRO MATT Nieuwpoort . 114 Tournai . 183 Oostduinkerke . 114 Pipaix . 188 St-Idesbald . 115 Aubechies . 189 De Panne & Adinkerke . 115 Belœil . 189 Veurne . 115 Lessines . 190 Diksmuide . 117 Enghien . 190 Beer Country . 117 Mons . 190 Westvleteren . 117 Waterloo Battlefield . 194 Woesten . 117 Nivelles . 196 Watou . 117 Louvain-la-Neuve . 197 CHOCOLATE LINE, BRUGES P103 Poperinge . 118 Villers-la-Ville . 197 Ypres (Ieper) . 119 Charleroi . 198 Ypres Salient . 123 Thuin . 199 HELEN CATHCART /LONELY PLANET © PLANET /LONELY HELEN CATHCART Comines . 124 Aulne . 199 Kortrijk . 125 Ragnies . 199 Oudenaarde .
    [Show full text]
  • 715783 BAT-GREEN SUPPLY CHAINS-IMPLICATIONS and CHALLENGES for RHINE-SCHELDT DELTA SEAPORTS T.Pdf 1 13/08/2019 11:12
    Green Supply Chains Implications and challenges for Rhine-Scheldt Delta Seaports Report prepared for Report prepared by 715783_PDF_Cover_Study_GreenSupplyChains_BAT.indd 1 13/08/2019 10:56 715783_BAT-GREEN SUPPLY CHAINS-IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR RHINE-SCHELDT DELTA SEAPORTS T.pdf 1 13/08/2019 11:12 | Green Supply Chains: implications and challenges for Rhine-Scheldt Delta Seaports | 715783_BAT-GREEN SUPPLY CHAINS-IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR RHINE-SCHELDT DELTA SEAPORTS T.pdf 2 13/08/2019 11:12 | Green Supply Chains: implications and challenges for Rhine-Scheldt Delta Seaports | GREEN SUPPLY CHAINS IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR RHINE-SCHELDT DELTA SEAPORTS FINAL REPORT – 17 JULY 2019 PUBLICATION PREPARED FOR ING Belgium PUBLICATION PREPARED BY Theo Notteboom (University of Antwerp), Larissa van der Lugt (Erasmus UPT), Niels van Saase (Erasmus UPT), Steve Sel (VIL) and Kris Neyens (VIL) 715783_BAT-GREEN SUPPLY CHAINS-IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR RHINE-SCHELDT DELTA SEAPORTS T.pdf 3 13/08/2019 11:12 | Green Supply Chains: implications and challenges for Rhine-Scheldt Delta Seaports | DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this report reflect the personal views of the analysts about the subject of this report. No part of the compensation(s) of the analyst(s) was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the inclusion of specific views in this report. This report was prepared on behalf of ING Belgium N.V. (“ING”), solely for the information of its clients. This report is not, nor should it be construed as, an investment advice or an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument or product.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Importance of the Belgian Ports: Flemish Maritime Ports, Liège Port Complex and the Port of Brussels – Report 2012
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Mathys, Claude Working Paper Economic importance of the Belgian ports: Flemish maritime ports, Liège port complex and the port of Brussels – Report 2012 NBB Working Paper, No. 260 Provided in Cooperation with: National Bank of Belgium, Brussels Suggested Citation: Mathys, Claude (2014) : Economic importance of the Belgian ports: Flemish maritime ports, Liège port complex and the port of Brussels – Report 2012, NBB Working Paper, No. 260, National Bank of Belgium, Brussels This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/144472 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die
    [Show full text]
  • A D I N K E R
    35/36 37/38 Tombes militaires belges dans le cimetière d’Adinkerke DE PANNE EN DE EERSTE WERELDOORLOG Belgische Soldatengräber auf dem Friedhof von Adinkerke 39 ADINKERKE 7 DE PANNE ET LA PREMIÈRE GUERRE MONDIALE 34 40 Belgian military graves at Adinkerke cemetery 33 ☞ HELDENWEG - DORPSSTRAAT DE PANNE UND DER ERSTE WELTKRIEG 41 DE PANNE AND WORLD WAR ONE De burgerlijke begraafplaats van Adinkerke is gelegen rond de Sint-Audomaruskerk. 30 42 Verspreid over dit kerkhof zijn vandaag nog 8 graven van Belgische militairen terug te 32 vinden. Verder zijn er op het kerkhof ook nog grafstenen voor burgerlijke slachtoffers uit WO I. Le cimetière civil d’Adinkerke est situé autour de l’église Saint-Omer. Aujourd’hui encore, 31 on y trouve 8 tombes de soldats belges. Le cimetière accueille aussi plusieurs dépouilles de victimes civiles de la 1re GM. 26 Der zivile Friedhof von Adinkerke ist rund um die Sankt-Audomarus-Kirche gelegen. e Herwerkte versie 3 druk Bij onderwerpen aangeduid met is bijkomende informatie voorhanden op de Verteilt über diesen Friedhof sind heute noch 8 Gräber von belgischen Soldaten zu fi nden. Version révisée 3e édition 27/28 Standbeeld voor de militaire website www.depanne.be/cultuur/WOI. 4 Außerdem befi nden sich auf dem Friedhof noch Grabsteine ziviler Opfer aus dem Ersten Überarbeitete Fassung 3. Druck 29 slachtoffers van Adinkerke en de Weltkrieg. Revised version 3rd edition Colofon Lorsque le symbole apparaît, vous pouvez consulter Veurne-Bewesterpoort (WO I - WO II) The civil cemetery of Adinkerke is situated around the Sint-Audomarus church. Eight notre site Internet www.depanne.be/cultuur/WOI, pour une multitude d’informations Info en coördinatie - Informations et coordination - Informationen und graves of Belgian militaries can still be found spread across this cemetery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Coastal Dunes in the Western Belgian Coastal Plain 35 10
    33—41 Eiszeitalter u, Gegenwart 35 Hannover 1985 3 fig., 1 tab. The Evolution of the Coastal Dunes in the Western Belgian Coastal Piain RUDOLF DE CEUNYNCK*) Evolution, coastal dunes, correlation, C14 dating, Holocene pollen diagram. Belgium (Western Coastal Piain) Abstract : Two main dune systems exist in the area west of Nieuwpoort: the Younger Dunes along the ptesent coastline, and the Oldet Dunes isolated within the coastal plain near the French botder and also running parallel to the coast. Both systems have recently been subjected to geological and palynological investigations. The Older dune system is believed to be oldet than 4300 B. P. The Younger Dune-area appears to have a complex history. A sttetch of older dune- sediments (however not as old as these of the Older dunesystem) was found underneath the Younger Dunes, also near the French border. The age of these sediments is ranging from 2800 B. P. to 900 B. P. Fuftheimore two subphases of Younger Dune-formation are distinguished. Prior to the 14th century A. D. the dune area consisted of a relatively level plain. The completion of this plain matked the end of an active eolian phase. This phase started in the 11th century A. D., probably as the result of an increased incidence of storm-floods at that time (the Dunkerque-3 transgression). From the end of the 14th century on, large parabolic dunes partially butied the fotmer landsurface. Some of them are still moving nowadays. Here the evolution of the Younget Duneatea neat De Panne is described in more detail including aspects of the vegetational history of the dune area and adjacent coastal plain.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Importance of the Belgian Ports: Flemish Maritime Ports, Liège Port Complex and the Port of Brussels – Report 2016
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Coppens, François; Mathys, Claude; Merckx, Jean-Pierre; Ringoot, Pascal; Van Kerckhoven, Marc Working Paper The economic importance of the Belgian ports: Flemish maritime ports, Liège port complex and the port of Brussels – Report 2016 NBB Working Paper, No. 342 Provided in Cooperation with: National Bank of Belgium, Brussels Suggested Citation: Coppens, François; Mathys, Claude; Merckx, Jean-Pierre; Ringoot, Pascal; Van Kerckhoven, Marc (2018) : The economic importance of the Belgian ports: Flemish maritime ports, Liège port complex and the port of Brussels – Report 2016, NBB Working Paper, No. 342, National Bank of Belgium, Brussels This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/182219 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.
    [Show full text]