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Runaway Wives: Husband Desertion in Medieval England
RUNAWAY WIVES: HUSBAND DESERTION IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND By Sara Butler Loyola University New Orleans Scholars of the medieval family would generally agree that the lot of the me- dieval wife was not an easy one. Medieval husbands held the upper hand in the power relationship, both legally and socially. Although Lawrence Stone's view of niarried life in the Middle Ages as "brutal and often hostile, with little communication, [and] much wife-beating" has since been called into question, more recent historians have still painted a somewhat unflattering picture.' Ju- dith Bennett writes that "[m]edieval people thought of conjugality as a hierar- chy headed by a husband who not only controlled his wife's financial assets and public behavior, but also freely enforced his will through physical violence."^ Indeed, she argues that wife-beating was "a normal part of marriage."^ Even Bar- bara Hanawalt, who has optimistically described peasant marriage in medieval England as a partnership, still concedes that occasional violence was acceptable and expected in marriage.'' What is more, the rules of coverture, which adhered to the biblical principal of husband and wife as one flesh represented at law by the husband, left a wife economically vulnerable. Because all real and movable property legally belonged to the husband as head of the household, a wife who fell out of favor with her husband might well find herself expelled from the family home, without any resources to fall back on.^ From a modern perspective, mari- tal practices hardly provided any sense of reassurance. At a time when families, more often than individuals, took the lead in spousal selection, and inheritance and status were the chief criteria, strong bonds of affection were not guaranteed. -
Mississippi Freedom Summer: Compromising Safety in the Midst of Conflict
Mississippi Freedom Summer: Compromising Safety in the Midst of Conflict Chu-Yin Weng and Joanna Chen Junior Division Group Documentary Process Paper Word Count: 494 This year, we started school by learning about the Civil Rights Movement in our social studies class. We were fascinated by the events that happened during this time of discrimination and segregation, and saddened by the violence and intimidation used by many to oppress African Americans and deny them their Constitutional rights. When we learned about the Mississippi Summer Project of 1964, we were inspired and shocked that there were many people who were willing to compromise their personal safety during this conflict in order to achieve political equality for African Americans in Mississippi. To learn more, we read the book, The Freedom Summer Murders, by Don Mitchell. The story of these volunteers remained with us, and when this year’s theme of “Conflict and Compromise” was introduced, we thought that the topic was a perfect match and a great opportunity for us to learn more. This is also a meaningful topic because of the current state of race relations in America. Though much progress has been made, events over the last few years, including a 2013 Supreme Court decision that could impact voting rights, show the nation still has a way to go toward achieving full racial equality. In addition to reading The Freedom Summer Murders, we used many databases and research tools provided by our school to gather more information. We also used various websites and documentaries, such as PBS American Experience, Library Of Congress, and Eyes on the Prize. -
Missouri State Archives Finding Aid 5.20
Missouri State Archives Finding Aid 5.20 OFFICE OF SECRETARY OF STATE COMMISSIONS PARDONS, 1836- Abstract: Pardons (1836-2018), restorations of citizenship, and commutations for Missouri convicts. Extent: 66 cubic ft. (165 legal-size Hollinger boxes) Physical Description: Paper Location: MSA Stacks ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Alternative Formats: Microfilm (S95-S123) of the Pardon Papers, 1837-1909, was made before additions, interfiles, and merging of the series. Most of the unmicrofilmed material will be found from 1854-1876 (pardon certificates and presidential pardons from an unprocessed box) and 1892-1909 (formerly restorations of citizenship). Also, stray records found in the Senior Reference Archivist’s office from 1836-1920 in Box 164 and interfiles (bulk 1860) from 2 Hollinger boxes found in the stacks, a portion of which are in Box 164. Access Restrictions: Applications or petitions listing the social security numbers of living people are confidential and must be provided to patrons in an alternative format. At the discretion of the Senior Reference Archivist, some records from the Board of Probation and Parole may be restricted per RSMo 549.500. Publication Restrictions: Copyright is in the public domain. Preferred Citation: [Name], [Date]; Pardons, 1836- ; Commissions; Office of Secretary of State, Record Group 5; Missouri State Archives, Jefferson City. Acquisition Information: Agency transfer. PARDONS Processing Information: Processing done by various staff members and completed by Mary Kay Coker on October 30, 2007. Combined the series Pardon Papers and Restorations of Citizenship because the latter, especially in later years, contained a large proportion of pardons. The two series were split at 1910 but a later addition overlapped from 1892 to 1909 and these records were left in their respective boxes but listed chronologically in the finding aid. -
Index to Applicants in Marriage Application Books for Hendricks County, Indiana (1905-1950)
Index to Applicants in Marriage Application Books for Hendricks County, Indiana (1905-1950) Indexed by Meredith Thompson Avon, Indiana 2015 NOTE: This index is not meant to be a comprehensive listing of all the information that was included in the marriage application—you should always consult the actual entry in the marriage application book. BACKGROUND: In May 1905, a new Indiana law took effect, requiring the recording of detailed information about the bride and groom (such as their birthdates and birthplaces, as well as their occupations and information about any previous marriages) as well as information about their parents. In Hendricks County, the information from the marriage applications was initially kept in a separate set of books from the marriage record (which only recorded the names of the bride and groom, the date the marriage was performed, and the name of the person who performed the marriage). This separate set of marriage application books was used in Hendricks County from May 1905 through May 1950; then beginning in June 1950, the application information was recorded in the same set of books as the marriage record. The Archives section of the Hendricks County Government website (www.co.hendricks.in.us) has digital versions of these 1905-1950 marriage application books. The digital versions are also available as part of an Indiana marriage database on FamilySearch (www.familysearch.org). Additionally, these marriage application books have been microfilmed, and that microfilm is available locally at the Plainfield library, as well as the Indiana State Library in Indianapolis and the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. -
English Monks Suppression of the Monasteries
ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES by GEOFFREY BAS KER VILLE M.A. (I) JONA THAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON FIRST PUBLISHED I937 JONATHAN CAPE LTD. JO BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON AND 91 WELLINGTON STREET WEST, TORONTO PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE CITY OF OXFORD AT THE ALDEN PRESS PAPER MADE BY JOHN DICKINSON & CO. LTD. BOUND BY A. W. BAIN & CO. LTD. CONTENTS PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 9 I MONASTIC DUTIES AND ACTIVITIES I 9 II LAY INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 45 III ECCLESIASTICAL INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 72 IV PRECEDENTS FOR SUPPRESSION I 308- I 534 96 V THE ROYAL VISITATION OF THE MONASTERIES 1535 120 VI SUPPRESSION OF THE SMALLER MONASTERIES AND THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536-1537 144 VII FROM THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE TO THE FINAL SUPPRESSION 153 7- I 540 169 VIII NUNS 205 IX THE FRIARS 2 2 7 X THE FATE OF THE DISPOSSESSED RELIGIOUS 246 EPILOGUE 273 APPENDIX 293 INDEX 301 5 PREFACE THE four hundredth anniversary of the suppression of the English monasteries would seem a fit occasion on which to attempt a summary of the latest views on a thorny subject. This book cannot be expected to please everybody, and it makes no attempt to conciliate those who prefer sentiment to truth, or who allow their reading of historical events to be distorted by present-day controversies, whether ecclesiastical or political. In that respect it tries to live up to the dictum of Samuel Butler that 'he excels most who hits the golden mean most exactly in the middle'. -
Dorie & Joyce Ladner, 2011
Dr. Joyce Ann Ladner and Ms. Doris Ann Ladner, 9-20-11 Page 1 of 73 Civil Rights History Project Interview completed by the Southern Oral History Program under contract to the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of African American History & Culture and the Library of Congress, 2011 Interviewee: Miss Dorie Ann Ladner and Dr. Joyce Ann Ladner Interview date: September 20, 2011 Location: Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Interviewer: Joseph Mosnier, Ph.D. Videographer: John Bishop Length: 2:01:26 Note: Ms. Elaine Nichols, Project Curator for the NMAAHC, was present as an observer. Comments: Only text in quotation marks is verbatim; all other text is paraphrased, including the interviewer’s questions. JOSEPH MOSNIER: Today is Tuesday, September 20, 2011. My name is Joe Mosnier of the Southern Oral History program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. I’m with videographer John Bishop in Washington, D.C. at the Jefferson Building at the Library of Congress to record an oral history interview for the Civil Rights History Project, which is a joint undertaking of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Library of Congress. And we are really honored and privileged today to have with us Miss Doris Ann Ladner. DORIS ANN LADNER: Dorie. 1 Dr. Joyce Ann Ladner and Ms. Doris Ann Ladner, 9-20-11 Page 2 of 73 JM: Dorie Ladner, and, uh, Dr. Joyce Ladner, sisters, um, originally from Mississippi who have had – JOYCE ANN LADNER: Joyce Ann as well. JM: Joyce Ann as well. Uh, long, long histories of involvement in progressive struggle in the Movement and, uh, let me note as well, we’re delighted to have with us Elaine Nichols, who is the project curator at the museum. -
“Two Voices:” an Oral History of Women Communicators from Mississippi Freedom Summer 1964 and a New Black Feminist Concept ______
THE TALE OF “TWO VOICES:” AN ORAL HISTORY OF WOMEN COMMUNICATORS FROM MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM SUMMER 1964 AND A NEW BLACK FEMINIST CONCEPT ____________________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia ________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ____________________________________________ by BRENDA JOYCE EDGERTON-WEBSTER Dr. Earnest L. Perry Jr., Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled: THE TALE OF “TWO VOICES:” AN ORAL HISTORY OF WOMEN COMMUNICATORS FROM MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM SUMMER 1964 AND A NEW BLACK FEMINIST CONCEPT presented by Brenda Joyce Edgerton-Webster, a candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. Earnest L. Perry, Jr. Dr. C. Zoe Smith Dr. Carol Anderson Dr. Ibitola Pearce Dr. Bonnie Brennen Without you, dear Lord, I never would have had the strength, inclination, skill, or fortune to pursue this lofty task; I thank you for your steadfast and graceful covering in completing this dissertation. Of greatest importance, my entire family has my eternal gratitude; especially my children Lauren, Brandon, and Alexander – for whom I do this work. Special acknowledgements to Lauren who assisted with the audio and video recording of the oral interviews and often proved herself key to keeping our home life sound; to my fiancé Ernest Evans, Jr. who also assisted with recording interviews and has supported me in every way possible from beginning to end; to my late uncle, Reverend Calvin E. -
The College and Canons of St Stephen's, Westminster, 1348
The College and Canons of St Stephen’s, Westminster, 1348 - 1548 Volume I of II Elizabeth Biggs PhD University of York History October 2016 Abstract This thesis is concerned with the college founded by Edward III in his principal palace of Westminster in 1348 and dissolved by Edward VI in 1548 in order to examine issues of royal patronage, the relationships of the Church to the Crown, and institutional networks across the later Middle Ages. As no internal archive survives from St Stephen’s College, this thesis depends on comparison with and reconstruction from royal records and the archives of other institutions, including those of its sister college, St George’s, Windsor. In so doing, it has two main aims: to place St Stephen’s College back into its place at the heart of Westminster’s political, religious and administrative life; and to develop a method for institutional history that is concerned more with connections than solely with the internal workings of a single institution. As there has been no full scholarly study of St Stephen’s College, this thesis provides a complete institutional history of the college from foundation to dissolution before turning to thematic consideration of its place in royal administration, music and worship, and the manor of Westminster. The circumstances and processes surrounding its foundation are compared with other such colleges to understand the multiple agencies that formed St Stephen’s, including that of the canons themselves. Kings and their relatives used St Stephen’s for their private worship and as a site of visible royal piety. -
The Essex Antiquarian
THE ESSEX ANTIQUARIAN A MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE BIOGRAPHY, GENEALOGY, HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF ESSEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS SlDNEY PERLEY, EDITOR. ILLUSTRATED. SALEM, MASS. : Qe @ssex '3Itltiquarian. 1901. CONTENTS. ABORIGINES,OUR, 39. INSCRIPTIONS.See Brad'ordInsrrip/ions. AGER,WILLIAM, Will of, 132. KENNING,JANE, Will of, 57. ANDREWSNOTES, 6. KENT, RICHARD,Will of, 149. ANNABLENOTES, 63. KNOWLTON,JOHN and MARGARY,Wills of, 52. ANNISNOTES, 76. LIVERMORE,HARRIET, 7. ANSWERS,95, 80; 100, 32; 133, 32; 154, 48: LOST AT SEA, 157. 163, 64; 165, 16; 170, 16; 193, 64; 194, MII.IARD, THOMAS,Will of, 41. 64; 197. 32; 204, 144; 2082 192; 2.57, C6; NORFOLKCOUNTY RECORDS, OLD, 12, 46, 77, 3075 1447 192; 320,329 48; 3219 48; 322, 133, 179. 96; 323, 80; 330, 144; 3408 192; 3429 192. PASSACONAWAY,87. ANTRUMNOTE, 71. PIKE. TOHN. sr.. Will of. I ~6. ARCHERNOTES, 86, 120. PI~RIMST~NGER,"'T~~, 7. AVERILL,WILLIAM, Will of, 30. PUMP,THE TOWN,71. BABSONGENEALOGY, I. PUMP,THE OLD TOWN,71. BACONFAMILY, 24. QUERIES,316-320, 16; 321, 322, 32; 323, 324, BACON,WILLIAM, Will of, 45. 48; 325-3299 64; 330-334, 80; 335, 3369 BADCOCKFAMILY, 37. 96; 337-3421 144; 343' 344, 192. BADGERGENEAWGY, 49. QUILTER,MARK, Will of, 70. BAGLEYGENEALOGY, 65. SALEM,15. BAILEY-BAYLEYGENEALOGIES, 81, 110, 123. SALEM,PART OF, IN 1700, NO. 6, 33. BAKERGENEALOGIES, 158, 163, 166, 168. SALEM,PART OF, IN 1700, NO. 7, 145. BLIGH'S,PEGGY, VOYAGE, FROM, 23. SALEMQUARTERLY COURT RECORDSAND FILES, BRADFORCINSCRIPTIONS: 26, 55, 88, 120, 169. Ancient Burying Ground, 17, 41, 58, 72, 92, SCOTT,THOMAS, Will of, 92. -
Images from Freedom Summer, 1964 Michael Edmonds, Stephen Haller
Images from Freedom Summer, 1964 Michael Edmonds, Stephen Haller The Southern Quarterly, Volume 52, Number 1, Fall 2014, pp. 51-63 (Article) Published by The University of Southern Mississippi, College of Arts and Sciences For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/567249 [ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID-19 pandemic. ] VOL. 52, NO. 1 (FALL 2014) 51 Images from Freedom Summer, 1964 MICHAEL EDMONDS and STEPHEN HALLER Freedom Summer was extensively photographed by the news media, embedded professionals such as Herbert Randall and Danny Lyon, many participants, and bystanders or other observers. In this photo essay, we have collected images from the vast civil rights collections at The University of Southern Mississippi (USM) and the Wisconsin Historical Society. They range from poignant to powerful, offering a condensed visual story. These glimpses of Freedom Summer coincided in part with the Freedom Summer 1964 50th Anniversary Conference held at USM in Hattiesburg, Mississippi (June 19-21, 2014), the Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th Anniversary Conference in Jackson, Mississippi (June 25-29, 2014), and the 50 Years After Freedom Summer conference at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio (October 12-14, 2014). The Wisconsin Historical Society owns more than ten thousand photographs related to the civil rights movement. They include a fi lmstrip assembled by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) early in 1965 from images taken during Freedom Summer to build support for their attempt to unseat Mississippi’s segregationist congressional delegation. The fi lmstrip contains more than seventy images; eight are shown here. -
THE DISSOLUTION of the MONASTERIES: an ECONOMIC STUDY by John Clifford Solomon
THE DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERIES: AN ECONOMIC STUDY by John Clifford Solomon Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History APPROVED: M. A. Alexander, Chairman T. C. Howard W. E. Mackie May, 1982 Blacksburg, Virginia ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Thomas Howard and Dr. William Mackie for their helpful suggestions and criticisms of this paper. I also greatly appreciate the friendship and encouragement that I received from my fellow graduate students particularly Ms. Wendy Walker. The writer would also like to thank Mrs. Connie Aikens for her diligence and patience in typing my manuscript. I am especially grateful to Dr. Michael Alexander, who gave so willingly of himself during the preparation of this paper. Most of all I would like to thank my parents, Saul and Alberta, for their love, understanding, and willingness to listen. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments ii Introduction 1 Chapters I. The Road to Dissolution 12 II. The Dissolution and the Successors to the Monks ............... 35 III. The Dissolution and its Contribution to Industrial Development in England . 71 IV. The Dissolution and its Contribution to Agriculture . 104 Bibliography 137 Vita 148 Abstract iii Introduction When Henry VIII ascended the throne in 1509 there were close to 850 monastic foundations of various size, descrip- tion, and wealth in England. ·These included over 500 monasteries, 136 nunneries, and 200 friaries, in addition of course to several thousand chantries and various minor religious establishments. During the 1520's some twenty- nine of the smaller monasteries were dissolved by Cardinal Wolsey for his special purposes; and between 1535 and 1540 Henry VIII and his chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, dissolved all the remaining ones. -
Eyesontheprize-Studyguide 105.Pdf
A Blackside Publication A Study Guide Written by Facing History and Ourselves Copyright © 2006 Blackside, Inc. All rights reserved. Cover photos:(Signature march image) James Karales; (Front cover, left inset image) © Will Counts, Used with permission of Vivian Counts; (All other inset images) © Bettmann/Corbis Design by Planet Studio For permissions information, please see page 225 FOREWORD REP. JOHN LEWIS 5th Congressional District, Georgia The documentary series you are about to view is the story of how ordinary people with extraordinary vision redeemed “If you will protest courageously and democracy in America. It is a testament to nonviolent passive yet with dignity and …. love, when resistance and its power to reshape the destiny of a nation and the history books are written in future generations, the historians will the world. And it is the chronicle of a people who challenged have to pause and say, ‘There lies a one nation’s government to meet its moral obligation to great people, a black people, who humanity. injected new meaning and dignity We, the men, women, and children of the civil rights move- into the very veins of civilization.’ ment, truly believed that if we adhered to the discipline and This is our challenge and our philosophy of nonviolence, we could help transform America. responsibility.” We wanted to realize what I like to call, the Beloved Martin Luther King, Jr., Community, an all-inclusive, truly interracial democracy based Dec. 31, 1955 on simple justice, which respects the dignity and worth of every Montgomery, Alabama. human being. Central to our philosophical concept of the Beloved Community was the willingness to believe that every human being has the moral capacity to respect each other.