Zoellnerartscenter.Org 420 East Packer Avenue

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Zoellnerartscenter.Org 420 East Packer Avenue 2017.2018 SEASON SCHOOL SHOW STUDY GUIDE 420 EAST PACKER AVENUE ZOELLNERARTSCENTER.ORG BETHLEHEM, PA 18015 USING THIS STUDY GUIDE Dear Educator, On Friday, March 9, 2018, your class will attend a performance of Erth: Dinosaur Zoo LIVE! at Lehigh University’s Zoellner Arts Center. You can use this study guide to engage your students and enrich their Zoellner Arts Center field trip. Materials in this guide include information about the performance, what you need to know about coming to a show at Zoellner Arts Center, and interesting and engaging activities to use in your classroom prior to and following the performance. These activities are designed to go beyond the performance and connect the arts to other disciplines including: Paleontology History Archaeology Geography Non-verbal communication Teamwork Before attending the performance, we encourage you to: Review the “Know efore You Go” with your students. Learn more about Erth on page 3. Check out page 4 through 6 to help your students learn what it was like when dinosaurs roamed the earth. At the performance, we encourage you to: Help your students to stay focused throughout the show. Ask students to observe how various show components, like costumes, lights, and sound impact their experience at the theater. After the show, we encourage you to: Look through this study guide for activities, resources and terminology to use in your classroom. Have your students complete the quiz on page 32. We look forward to seeing you! Section 1: KNOW BEFORE YOU GO Be prepared and arrive early. Ideally, you should arrive at the Zoellner Arts Center 20-25 minutes before the show. Allow for travel time and bus unloading or parking and plan to be in your seats at least 15 minutes before the performance begins. Be aware and remain quiet. The theater is a “live” space. You can hear the performers easily, but they can also hear you. You can hear other audience members, too! Even the smallest sound, like rustling papers and whispering, can be heard throughout the theater. It is best to stay quiet so everyone can enjoy the performance without distractions. The international sign for “Quiet Please” is to silently raise your index finger to your lips. Show appreciation by applauding. Applause is the best way to show your enthusiasm and appreciation. Performers return their appreciation for your attention by bowing to the audience at the end of the show. It is always appropriate to applaud at the end of a performance, and it is customary to continue clapping until the curtain comes down or the “house lights” (the lights over the audience’s seats) are turned on again. Participate by responding to the action onstage. Sometimes during a performance, you may respond by laughing, crying or sighing. By all means, feel free to do so! Appreciation can be shown in many different ways, depending on the art form. For instance, an audience attending a string quartet performance will sit very still, while the audience at a popular music concert may be inspired to participate by clapping and shouting. The artists may ask you questions or invite you to participate in the show by clapping or even joining them on stage. You should feel free to join or not, but if spoken to directly, please respond politely. Concentrate to help the performers. These artists use concentration to focus their energy while on stage. If the audience is focused while watching the performance, the artists feel supported and are able to do their best work. They can feel that you are with them! Please note: Recording devices of any kind, including cameras, cannot be used during the performances. Please remember to silence your cell phone and all other mobile devices. The artists are performing challenging and sometimes dangerous work which can become more dangerous by outside distractions. 1 STUDY GUIDE INTRODUCTION This publication was created as a study guide for students preparing to see Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ which is touring theatres throughout North America beginning January 2014. Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ takes the audience on a tour through pre- historic Australia, bringing an eye-popping array of ancient creatures to life on stage. They will observe and interact with extraordinarily life-like creatures, just like those that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere millions of years ago. And, they will meet a menagerie of insects, mammals and dinosaurs in their ancient environment, in this highly imaginative, entertaining and educational live show. From the sweetly curious baby Dryosaur, to the peaceful hulk Titanosaur, and even the teeth-gnashing T-rex -- Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ is a unique interactive theater performance that stimulates the imagination in a way that connects children to their world. Erth’s large-scale puppets were developed in consultation with paleontologists, based on current science and interpretations of fossil evidence. Employing sophisticated design and electronics, these giants are brought to life by skilled performers and puppeteers, made all the more real through the magic of theatre. A scene from Dinosaur Zoo Live 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................. 2 ABOUT ERTH................................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE TIME OF DINOSAURS................................................................................... 4-6 WHAT IS A DINOSAUR?......................................................................................................................... 7-10 WELL-KNOWN DINOSAURS THROUGHTOUT THE WORLD..................................................................... 11 Tyrannosaurus................................................................................................................. 12 TriceratopS......................................................................................................................... 13 Stegasaurus........................................................................................................................ 14 DIplodocus............................................................................................................................ 15 Apatosaurus........................................................................................................................ 16 VelocirapTOR...................................................................................................................... 17 Spinosaurus......................................................................................................................... 18 Brachiosaurus.................................................................................................................... 19 Meganeura .......................................................................................................................... 20 Dryosaur............................................................................................................................... 21 Leaellynasaura................................................................................................................ 22 Titanosaur.......................................................................................................................... 23 SCALES, SpIKES, FEATHERS OR FUR?............................................................................................ 24 & 25 IN THE AIR................................................................................................................................................. 26 BELOW THE WAVES................................................................................................................................... 26 FOSSILS....................................................................................................................................................... 27 IMpORTANT NAMES IN pALEONTOLOGY.......................................................................................28 & 29 WHERE ARE THEY NOW?.......................................................................................................................... 30 ABOUT THE pUPPETS................................................................................................................................ 31 QUIZ............................................................................................................................................................. 32 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................... 33 GLOSSARY & ANSWERS.................................................................................................................. 34 & 35 2 ABOUT ERTH Erth Visual & Physical, Inc. is a highly creative ‘visual and physical’ theatre company based in Sydney, Australia. Since its beginnings in 1990, the company has created installations, site specific productions, performance artistry, and original live theatre -- always striving to provide audiences with eye popping visual experiences. Giant puppetry, stiltwalkers, inflatable environments, aerial and flying creatures: Erth is all these things, and more. They have built an Australia-wide,
Recommended publications
  • Neural Spine Bifurcation in Sauropods Palarch’S Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 10(1) (2013)
    Wedel & Taylor, Neural Spine Bifurcation in Sauropods PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 10(1) (2013) NEURAL SPINE BIFURCATION IN SAUROPOD DINOSAURS OF THE MORRISON FORMATION: ONTOGENETIC AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS Mathew J. Wedel* & Michael P. Taylor# *Corresponding author. College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific and College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854, USA. [email protected] #Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. [email protected] Wedel, Mathew J. & Michael P. Taylor. 2013. Neural Spine Bifurcation in Sauropod Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation: Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Implications. – Pal- arch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 10(1) (2013), 1-34. ISSN 1567-2158. 34 pages + 25 figures, 2 tables. Keywords: sauropod, vertebra, neural spine, ontogeny, Morrison Formation AbsTrAcT It has recently been argued that neural spine bifurcation increases through ontogeny in several Morrison Formation sauropods, that recognition of ontogenetic transforma- tion in this ‘key character’ will have sweeping implications for sauropod phylogeny, and that Suuwassea and Haplocanthosaurus in particular are likely to be juveniles of known diplodocids. However, we find that serial variation in sauropod vertebrae can mimic on- togenetic change and is therefore a powerful confounding factor, especially when deal- ing with isolated elements whose serial position cannot be determined. When serial po- sition is taken into account, there is no evidence that neural spine bifurcation increased over ontogeny in Morrison Formation diplodocids. Through phylogenetic analysis we show that neural spine bifurcation is not a key character in sauropod phylogeny and that Suuwassea and Haplocanthosaurus are almost certainly not juveniles of known diplodo- cids.
    [Show full text]
  • 71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Description of the Sauropod Dinosaur Amanzia (“Ornithopsis
    Schwarz et al. Swiss J Geosci (2020) 113:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-020-00355-5 Swiss Journal of Geosciences ORIGINAL PAPER Open Access Re-description of the sauropod dinosaur Amanzia (“Ornithopsis/Cetiosauriscus”) greppini n. gen. and other vertebrate remains from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Reuchenette Formation of Moutier, Switzerland Daniela Schwarz1* , Philip D. Mannion2 , Oliver Wings3 and Christian A. Meyer4 Abstract Dinosaur remains were discovered in the 1860’s in the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Reuchenette Formation of Moutier, northwestern Switzerland. In the 1920’s, these were identifed as a new species of sauropod, Ornithopsis greppini, before being reclassifed as a species of Cetiosauriscus (C. greppini), otherwise known from the type species (C. stewarti) from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of the UK. The syntype of “C. greppini” consists of skeletal elements from all body regions, and at least four individuals of diferent sizes can be distinguished. Here we fully re-describe this material, and re-evaluate its taxonomy and systematic placement. The Moutier locality also yielded a theropod tooth, and fragmen- tary cranial and vertebral remains of a crocodylomorph, also re-described here. “C.” greppini is a small-sized (not more than 10 m long) non-neosauropod eusauropod. Cetiosauriscus stewarti and “C.” greppini difer from each other in: (1) size; (2) the neural spine morphology and diapophyseal laminae of the anterior caudal vertebrae; (3) the length-to-height proportion in the middle caudal vertebrae; (4) the presence or absence of ridges and crests on the middle caudal cen- tra; and (5) the shape and proportions of the coracoid, humerus, and femur.
    [Show full text]
  • Erths Dinosaur Zoo Live! Study Guide
    STUDY GUIDE INTRODUCTION This publication was created as a study guide for students preparing to see Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ which is touring theatres throughout North America beginning January 2014. Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ takes the audience on a tour through pre- historic Australia, bringing an eye-popping array of ancient creatures to life on stage. They will observe and interact with extraordinarily life-like creatures, just like those that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere millions of years ago. And, they will meet a menagerie of insects, mammals and dinosaurs in their ancient environment, in this highly imaginative, entertaining and educational live show. From the sweetly curious baby Dryosaur , to the peaceful hulk Titanosaur , and even the teeth-gnashing T-rex -- Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ is a unique interactive theater performance that stimulates the imagination in a way that connects children to their world. Erth’s large-scale puppets were developed in consultation with paleontologists, based on current science and interpretations of fossil evidence. Employing sophisticated design and electronics, these giants are brought to life by skilled performers and puppeteers, made all the more real through the magic of theatre. A scene from Dinosaur Zoo Live 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CLASS 11: ANATOMY & SAUROPODOMORPHS I. BASIC DINOSAUR ANATOMY Anatomical Orientation Anterior
    CLASS 11: ANATOMY & SAUROPODOMORPHS I. BASIC DINOSAUR ANATOMY Anatomical orientation Anterior - front Posterior - back Dorsal - top Ventral - bottom Proximal - near Distal - far Medial - towards the middle Lateral - towards the side Major parts of the skeleton you should know Vertebral column: cervical (neck), thoracic (attach to rib), sacral (attach to pelvis), and caudal (tail) vertebrae. Sacral vertebrae = sacrum Forelimb: Scapula, Coracoid, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Wrist (carpels), Finger bones (metacarpels and phalanges) Hindlimb: Pelvis = Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Ankle (tarsals = Astragalus, Calcaneum), Toe bones (metatarsals and phalanges) Head bony parts: Lower jaw: dentary (with teeth), articular (lower jaw joint), others bones Upper jaw: premaxilla and maxilla (both with teeth), quadrate (upper jaw joint) Skull: skull roof bones (nasals, frontals, parietals, etc.), cheek and eye bones (jugal, lacramal, post-orbital, etc.), palate bones, braincase, occipital condyle (head-neck joint) Head holes: foramen magnum (hole where spinal cord enters braincase), antorbital fenestra, upper and lower temporal fenestra, mandibular fenestra (on lower jaw) Sauropodomorpha All herbivores Shared derived traits Small head (5% body length), long neck with at least 10 vertebrae, elongate peg- like teeth with coarsely serrated crowns, large thumb with claw, long femur, large obturator foramen in pubis Prosauropoda few easily diagnosed shared features whopping big thumb claw that is further twisted, elongate cervical vertebrae (Also: small 5th digit on hind foot, iguana-like teeth) Some used gastroliths Quadrupeds and facultative bipeds Plateosaurus, Anchisaurus, Mussasaurus (representative genera) Known from Late Triassic through Early Jurassic Global distribution (Pangean) These represent the earliest plant-eating dinosaurs, which presumably evolved from bipedal meat eaters.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Abstract
    23 combined with postcranial data from a conspecific specimen (R. thorntoni) to construct the first full body skeletal reconstruction of this genus. ___________________________________________________________________________ Diversity of sauropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup of southern England Michael P. Taylor School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK The Lower Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup of southern England has yielded many fragmentary specimens of sauropod dinosaurs. Wealden sauropod taxonomy is convoluted, with most genera erected on nondiagnostic specimens and most specimens having been referred at various times to many different genera. To investigate the relationships of Wealden sauropods, I performed a cladistic analysis at the specimen level. I added seven new taxa to the matrix of Harris (2006), six based on dorsal vertebrae and one on appendicular material. These specimens could be scored for an average of 16.6 characters, only 5% of the total of 331, and for this reason an initial analysis including all seven specimens was uninformative: all but one of the new taxa were in a polytomy at the base of Neosauropoda. I then performed seven separate analyses, each including just one of the Wealden specimens. In these analyses, the specimens were recovered as representatives of many different groups: Diplodocinae, basal Flagellicaudata, Brachiosauridae, Titanosauria and basal Somphospondyli. In a third approach, based on Reduced Consensus, the analysis containing all seven new taxa was subjected to seven separate sets of a posteriori deletions, each removing all but one of the new taxa. The positions of many of new taxa changed dramatically from the separate analyses: for example, one new taxon jumped from Somphospondyli to Diplodocimorpha while another moved in the opposite direction from Diplodocinae to Macronaria.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Sauropod Locomotion
    eight The Evolution of Sauropod Locomotion MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF A SECONDARILY QUADRUPEDAL RADIATION Matthew T. Carrano Sauropod dinosaur locomotion, fruitful but also have tended to become canal- like that of many extinct groups, has his- ized. In this regard, the words of paleontologist torically been interpreted in light of potential W. C. Coombs (1975:23) remain particularly apt, modern analogues. As these analogies—along as much for their still-relevant summary of the with our understanding of them—have shifted, status quo in sauropod locomotor research as perspectives on sauropod locomotion have fol- for their warning to future workers: lowed. Thus early paleontologists focused on the “whalelike” aspects of these presumably aquatic It is a subtle trap, the ease with which an entire reptilian suborder can have its habits and habi- taxa (e.g., Osborn 1898), reluctantly relinquish- tat preferences deduced by comparison not ing such ideas as further discoveries began to with all proboscideans, not with the family characterize sauropod anatomy as more terres- Elephantidae, not with a particular genus or trial. Although this debate continued for over a even a single species, but by comparison with century, the essentially terrestrial nature of certain populations of a single subspecies. Deciding that a particular modern animal is sauropod limb design was recognized by the most like sauropods is no guarantee of solving early 1900s (Hatcher 1903; Riggs 1903). Aside the problem of sauropod behavior. from a few poorly received attempts (e.g., Hay 1908; Tornier 1909), comparisons have usually Similarly, modern analogues play a limited been made between sauropods and terrestrial role in illuminating the evolution of sauropod mammals, rather than reptiles.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of a Maastrichtian Sauropod Dinosaur from Egypt
    Palaeont. afr., 34, 63-67 ( 1997) FIRST RECORD OF A MAASTRICHTIAN SAUROPOD DINOSAUR FROM EGYPT by Oliver W. M-.-Rauhut1 and Christa Werner2 1 University of Bristol, Department of Geology, Wills Memorial Building, Queen 's Road Bristol BS8 I RJ, England, UK. 2FSP GEOSYS, TU Berlin, Ackerstr. 71-76, D-13355 Berlin, Germany. ABSTRACT A left femur of a small sauropod dinosaur was found in the Maastrichtian part of the Ammonite Hill Member ofthe Dahkla Formation ofsouthwe stern Egypt. it represents the first dinosaur remains of certain Maastrichtian age from Egypt and the second record of dinosaurs from this stage within Africa. Moreover, the Egy ptian specimen shows similarities to femora ofbrachiosaurids, possibly extending the temporal range of this family up to the very end of the Mesozoic. KEYWORDS: Africa, Maastrichtian, Dinosauria, Sauropoda, Brachiosauridae INTRODUCTION the Dahkla Formation of southwestern Egypt. This Africa is the "Lost World" of the dinosaurian era record provides further information on our relatively (Russell1995). In his 1990 synopsis, Weishampellisted poor knowledge of Cretaceous dinosaurs of Africa. only a few dinosaur-bearing localities ofCretaceous age on this continent. Although more have been discovered GEOLOGICAL AND STRATIGRAPHICAL since (Jacobset a/. 1996), our knowledge ofCretaceous SETTING African dinosaur faunas is still rather poor. In the The Dakhla Formation outcrops not only in the Dahk:la African dinosaur assemblages of Cretaceous age Oasis, but in vast areas all over southern Egypt. This sauropods predominate. Thus, the Early Cretaceous Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary sequence includes sauropods ofAfrica include diplodocoids, titanosaurids, transgressive/regressive cycles with distinct regional brachiosaurids and probable camarasaurids (Lavocat facies differentiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Sauropods Had Long Necks; and Why Giraffes Have Short Necks
    TAYLOR AND WEDEL – LONG NECKS OF SAUROPOD DINOSAURS 1 of 39 Why sauropods had long necks; and why giraffes have short necks Michael P. Taylor, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, England. [email protected] Mathew J. Wedel, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific and College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854, USA. [email protected] Table of Contents Abstract............................................................................................................................................2 Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 Museum Abbreviations...............................................................................................................3 Long Necks in Different Taxa..........................................................................................................3 Extant Animals............................................................................................................................4 Extinct Mammals........................................................................................................................4 Theropods....................................................................................................................................5 Pterosaurs....................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide Introduction
    STUDY GUIDE INTRODUCTION This publication was created as a study guide for students preparing to see Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ which is touring theatres throughout North America beginning January 2014. Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ takes the audience on a tour through pre- historic Australia, bringing an eye-popping array of ancient creatures to life on stage. They will observe and interact with extraordinarily life-like creatures, just like those that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere millions of years ago. And, they will meet a menagerie of insects, mammals and dinosaurs in their ancient environment, in this highly imaginative, entertaining and educational live show. From the sweetly curious baby Dryosaur, to the peaceful hulk Titanosaur, and even the teeth-gnashing T-rex -- Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ is a unique interactive theater performance that stimulates the imagination in a way that connects children to their world. Erth’s large-scale puppets were developed in consultation with paleontologists, based on current science and interpretations of fossil evidence. Employing sophisticated design and electronics, these giants are brought to life by skilled performers and puppeteers, made all the more real through the magic of theatre. A scene from Dinosaur Zoo Live 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Early Evolution of Titanosauriform Sauropod Dinosaurs by Michael
    Early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs by Michael Daniel DʼEmic A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Geology) in The University of Michigan 2011 Committee: Associate Professor Jeffrey A. Wilson, chair Assistant Professor Catherine Badgley Professor Tomasz K. Baumiller Professor Daniel C. Fisher Professor Rob van der Voo © Michael DʼEmic 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my dissertation committee: C. Badgley, T. Baumiller, D. Fisher, R. van der Voo, and J. A. Wilson for advice and guidance during the project. Special thanks to J. A. Wilson for constant support, guidance, and research opportunities over the years. Thanks for field assistance and support from P. Christenson, T. Churchill, B. Dauksewicz, B. Foreman, P. Gingerich, A. Hayden, D. Klein, S. Macone, C. Manz, K. Melstrom, D. Raisanen, A. Tillett, and C. Youngs. Thanks to M. Fox (YPM), D. Nixon (SMU), C. Manz, K. Melstrom, and B. Sanders (UM) for preparation. Special thanks to A. Pan, L. Ballinger (FWMSH) and D. Colodner (ASDM) for permission to destructively sample limb bones for histology, and M. Sander and K. Stein for helpful technical information about drilling sauropod bones. Thanks to D. C. Fisher for use of thin-sectioning equipment and K. M. Smith for assistance. J. A. Wilson, M. Wedel and R. Barnes kindly provided parts of figures 4.1, 4.6 and 4.7, respectively. Thanks to the administrative staff of the UM Geological Sciences Department, especially N. Kingsbury and A. Hudon for much help over the years. Collections managers and curators at the following institutions are thanked for their help and hospitality, without which this dissertation certainly would not have been possible: C.
    [Show full text]
  • (Bajocian) of the Khadir Island, Kachchh, Western India
    Paläontologische Zeitschrift 2006, Vol. 80/1, p. 34–51, 31-03-2006 Oldest camarasauromorph sauropod (Dinosauria) discovered in the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) of the Khadir Island, Kachchh, western India MARKUS MOSER, Stuttgart; UMESH B. MATHUR, Jaipur; FRANZ T. FÜRSICH, Würzburg; DHIRENDRA K. PANDEY, Jaipur & NEERA MATHUR, Jaipur with 11 figures MOSER, M.; MATHUR, U.B.; FÜRSICH, F.T.; PANDEY, D.K. & MATHUR, N. 2006. Oldest camarasauromorph sauro- pod (Dinosauria) discovered in the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) of the Khadir Island, Kachchh, western India. – Palä- ontologische Zeitschrift 80 (1): 34–51, 11 figs., Stuttgart, 31. 3. 2006. Abstract: Fragmentary isolated remains of large (up to 20 m or more) sauropods from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) Khadir Formation of Khadir Island (Kachchh, W India) are described and compared in detail. Three of the bone frag- ments (a metacarpal, a first pedal claw and a fibula) can be assigned with confidence to the Camarasauromorpha and represent the oldest known record of that derived dinosaur group. The new finds from western India further close a temporal and geographical gap in our knowledge of sauropods and contribute to understanding their early phylogeny. Keywords: Camarasauromorpha • Sauropoda • Dinosauria • morphology • phylogeny • Middle Jurassic Kurzfassung: Isolierte Überreste eines großen (bis zu 20 m oder mehr langen) Sauropoden werden aus der mittelju- rassischen (Bajocium) Khadir Formation auf Khadir Island (Kachchh, W Indien) beschrieben und detailliert vergli- chen. Drei der Knochenfragmente (ein Metacarpale, eine erste Fußklaue und eine Fibula) können mit Sicherheit ei- nem Vertreter der Camarasauromorpha zugeordnet werden und repräsentieren damit den ältesten Nachweis dieser abgeleiteten Dinosaurier-Gruppe. Die neueneschweizerbartxxx Funde aus dem westlichen Indien schließen eine zeitliche und geogra- phische Lücke in unserer Kenntnis der Sauropoden und tragen zum Verständnis ihrer frühen Phylogenie bei.
    [Show full text]