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Neural Spine Bifurcation in Sauropods Palarch’S Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 10(1) (2013)
Wedel & Taylor, Neural Spine Bifurcation in Sauropods PalArch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, 10(1) (2013) NEURAL SPINE BIFURCATION IN SAUROPOD DINOSAURS OF THE MORRISON FORMATION: ONTOGENETIC AND PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS Mathew J. Wedel* & Michael P. Taylor# *Corresponding author. College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific and College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, California 91766-1854, USA. [email protected] #Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK. [email protected] Wedel, Mathew J. & Michael P. Taylor. 2013. Neural Spine Bifurcation in Sauropod Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation: Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Implications. – Pal- arch’s Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology 10(1) (2013), 1-34. ISSN 1567-2158. 34 pages + 25 figures, 2 tables. Keywords: sauropod, vertebra, neural spine, ontogeny, Morrison Formation AbsTrAcT It has recently been argued that neural spine bifurcation increases through ontogeny in several Morrison Formation sauropods, that recognition of ontogenetic transforma- tion in this ‘key character’ will have sweeping implications for sauropod phylogeny, and that Suuwassea and Haplocanthosaurus in particular are likely to be juveniles of known diplodocids. However, we find that serial variation in sauropod vertebrae can mimic on- togenetic change and is therefore a powerful confounding factor, especially when deal- ing with isolated elements whose serial position cannot be determined. When serial po- sition is taken into account, there is no evidence that neural spine bifurcation increased over ontogeny in Morrison Formation diplodocids. Through phylogenetic analysis we show that neural spine bifurcation is not a key character in sauropod phylogeny and that Suuwassea and Haplocanthosaurus are almost certainly not juveniles of known diplodo- cids. -
71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas. -
Re-Description of the Sauropod Dinosaur Amanzia (“Ornithopsis
Schwarz et al. Swiss J Geosci (2020) 113:2 https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-020-00355-5 Swiss Journal of Geosciences ORIGINAL PAPER Open Access Re-description of the sauropod dinosaur Amanzia (“Ornithopsis/Cetiosauriscus”) greppini n. gen. and other vertebrate remains from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Reuchenette Formation of Moutier, Switzerland Daniela Schwarz1* , Philip D. Mannion2 , Oliver Wings3 and Christian A. Meyer4 Abstract Dinosaur remains were discovered in the 1860’s in the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) Reuchenette Formation of Moutier, northwestern Switzerland. In the 1920’s, these were identifed as a new species of sauropod, Ornithopsis greppini, before being reclassifed as a species of Cetiosauriscus (C. greppini), otherwise known from the type species (C. stewarti) from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) of the UK. The syntype of “C. greppini” consists of skeletal elements from all body regions, and at least four individuals of diferent sizes can be distinguished. Here we fully re-describe this material, and re-evaluate its taxonomy and systematic placement. The Moutier locality also yielded a theropod tooth, and fragmen- tary cranial and vertebral remains of a crocodylomorph, also re-described here. “C.” greppini is a small-sized (not more than 10 m long) non-neosauropod eusauropod. Cetiosauriscus stewarti and “C.” greppini difer from each other in: (1) size; (2) the neural spine morphology and diapophyseal laminae of the anterior caudal vertebrae; (3) the length-to-height proportion in the middle caudal vertebrae; (4) the presence or absence of ridges and crests on the middle caudal cen- tra; and (5) the shape and proportions of the coracoid, humerus, and femur. -
Postcranial Skeletal Pneumaticity in Sauropods and Its
Postcranial Pneumaticity in Dinosaurs and the Origin of the Avian Lung by Mathew John Wedel B.S. (University of Oklahoma) 1997 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Kevin Padian, Co-chair Professor William Clemens, Co-chair Professor Marvalee Wake Professor David Wake Professor John Gerhart Spring 2007 1 The dissertation of Mathew John Wedel is approved: Co-chair Date Co-chair Date Date Date Date University of California, Berkeley Spring 2007 2 Postcranial Pneumaticity in Dinosaurs and the Origin of the Avian Lung © 2007 by Mathew John Wedel 3 Abstract Postcranial Pneumaticity in Dinosaurs and the Origin of the Avian Lung by Mathew John Wedel Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley Professor Kevin Padian, Co-chair Professor William Clemens, Co-chair Among extant vertebrates, postcranial skeletal pneumaticity is present only in birds. In birds, diverticula of the lungs and air sacs pneumatize specific regions of the postcranial skeleton. The relationships among pulmonary components and the regions of the skeleton that they pneumatize form the basis for inferences about the pulmonary anatomy of non-avian dinosaurs. Fossae, foramina and chambers in the postcranial skeletons of pterosaurs and saurischian dinosaurs are diagnostic for pneumaticity. In basal saurischians only the cervical skeleton is pneumatized. Pneumatization by cervical air sacs is the most consilient explanation for this pattern. In more derived sauropods and theropods pneumatization of the posterior dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae indicates that abdominal air sacs were also present. -
Redalyc.Angolatitan Adamastor, a New Sauropod Dinosaur and the First Record from Angola
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil MATEUS, OCTÁVIO; JACOBS, LOUIS L.; SCHULP, ANNE S.; POLCYN, MICHAEL J.; TAVARES, TATIANA S.; BUTA NETO, ANDRÉ; MORAIS, MARIA LUÍSA; ANTUNES, MIGUEL T. Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 83, núm. 1, marzo, 2011, pp. 221-233 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32717681011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “main” — 2011/2/10 — 15:47 — page 221 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 221-233 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola , OCTÁVIO MATEUS1 2, LOUIS L. JACOBS3, ANNE S. SCHULP4, MICHAEL J. POLCYN3, TATIANA S. TAVARES5, ANDRÉ BUTA NETO5, MARIA LUÍSA MORAIS5 and MIGUEL T. ANTUNES6 1CICEGe, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal 2Museu da Lourinhã, Rua João Luis de Moura, 2530-157 Lourinhã, Portugal 3Huffington Department of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA 4Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6-7, NL6211 KJ Maastricht, The Netherlands 5Geology Department, Universidade Agostinho Neto, Av. -
A New Giant Basal Titanosaur Sauropod in the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) of the Neuquen Basin, Argentina
Cretaceous Research 100 (2019) 61e81 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes A new giant basal titanosaur sauropod in the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) of the Neuquen Basin, Argentina * Leonardo S. Filippi a, , Leonardo Salgado b, c, Alberto C. Garrido d, e a Museo Municipal Argentino Urquiza, Jujuy y Chaco s/n, 8319 Rincon de los Sauces, Neuquen, Argentina b CONICET, Argentina c Instituto de Investigacion en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro-Conicet, Av. Gral. J. A. Roca 1242, 8332 General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina d Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales “Profesor Dr. Juan A. Olsacher”, Direccion Provincial de Minería, Etcheluz y Ejercito Argentino, 8340 Zapala, Neuquen, Argentina e Departamento Geología y Petroleo, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquen 8300, provincia del Neuquen, Argentina article info abstract Article history: A new basal sauropod titanosaur, Kaijutitan maui gen. et sp. nov., is described. The holotype of this Received 21 November 2018 species, which comes from the Sierra Barrosa Formation (upper Coniacian, Upper Cretaceous), consists of Received in revised form cranial, axial, and appendicular elements presenting an unique combination of plesiomorphic and 3 February 2019 apomorphic characters. The most notable characteristic observed in Kaijutitan is the presence of anterior Accepted in revised form 9 March 2019 cervical vertebrae with bifid neural spines, a condition that would have evolved several times among Available online 28 March 2019 sauropods. The phylogenetic analysis places Kaijutitan as a basal titanosaur, the sister taxon of Epachthosaurus þ Eutitanosauria. The new species supports the coexistence, in the Late Cretaceous Keywords: Sauropoda (Turonian-Santonian), of basal titanosaurs and eutitanosaurian sauropods, at least in Patagonia. -
Evolution of the Caudal Vertebral Series in Macronarian Sauropod Dinosaurs: Morphofunctional and Phylogenetic Implications
Evolution of the Caudal Vertebral Series in Macronarian Sauropod Dinosaurs: Morphofunctional and Phylogenetic Implications A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University By Lucio Manuel Ibiricu In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2010 © Copyright 2010 Lucio Manuel Ibiricu. All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION To the people who trusted me and my grandfather (Manolo) iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I want to thank my advisor, Dr. Lacovara, for several things: for admitting me in the program, for supporting me constantly, especially at the beginning of my experience in the United States and for exposing me to ―big‖ people in Paleontology. Ken gave me the opportunity to work and learn; I will always be grateful to him. I also thank Dr. Spotila, the head of my committee, for always supporting me and for helping in the organization, always very important during the PhD. I really appreciate it. In addition, I want to thank Dr. Dodson for accepting to be part of my committee. His presence is a privilege to me and it is an honor to say that he was part of my PhD committee. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Gallagher. He taught me the majority of my first courses at Drexel and I always learned a lot from him. Also, my first TA was under his supervision; therefore, I want to thank him for all the support he gave me both as student and as a TA. Likewise, I would like to thank Dr. Kilham, because her presence in my committee pushed me to learn more about ecology, which helped me integrate dinosaurs and their environment. -
Overview of Sauropod Phylogeny and Evolution
One Overview of Sauropod Phylogeny and Evolution Jeffrey A. Wilson SAUROPOD STUDIES FROM OWEN TO long bones” and “the toes being terminated by THE PRESENT strong claws” (Owen 1842:102), but this assess- ment was based on limited anatomical evidence This year marks the one hundred sixty-fourth (Owen 1875:27). Key data emerged with the dis- anniversary of Richard Owen’s (1841) description covery of abundant Cetiosaurus bones in of the first sauropod—Cetiosaurus, the “whale Oxfordshire by John Phillips. Thomas Huxley lizard”—on the basis of vertebrae and limb ele- examined this “splendid series of remains” ments from localities across England. Although before the publication of Phillips’ (1871) mono- these remains “had been examined by Cuvier graph and was the first to place Cetiosaurus within and pronounced to be cetaceous” (Buckland Dinosauria (Iguanodontidae [Huxley, 1869:35]). 1841:96), Owen (1841:458–459) demonstrated Phillips (1871) interpreted Cetiosaurus as a plant- the saurian affinities of Cetiosaurus on the basis eating dinosaur and hypothesized that its limb of several features, including the absence of epi- bones were “suited for walking.” He could not physes (growth plates) on caudal vertebrae (fig. rule out the possibility that it was amphibious, 1.1). He differentiated Cetiosaurus from other however, concluding that it was a “marsh-loving extinct saurians on the basis of its large size and or riverside animal.” Owen (1875:27) later acqui- characteristics of its vertebrae (see Upchurch esced, referring Cetiosaurus to the Dinosauria and Martin 2003:215). Owen (1841:462) con- because of its four sacral vertebrae. He admitted cluded his initial description with this assess- that it may have had some terrestrial capabilities ment: “The vertebræ, as well as the bones of the but concluded that Cetiosaurus was an estuarine extremities, prove its marine habits . -
Erths Dinosaur Zoo Live! Study Guide
STUDY GUIDE INTRODUCTION This publication was created as a study guide for students preparing to see Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ which is touring theatres throughout North America beginning January 2014. Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ takes the audience on a tour through pre- historic Australia, bringing an eye-popping array of ancient creatures to life on stage. They will observe and interact with extraordinarily life-like creatures, just like those that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere millions of years ago. And, they will meet a menagerie of insects, mammals and dinosaurs in their ancient environment, in this highly imaginative, entertaining and educational live show. From the sweetly curious baby Dryosaur , to the peaceful hulk Titanosaur , and even the teeth-gnashing T-rex -- Erth’s DINOSAUR ZOO Live™ is a unique interactive theater performance that stimulates the imagination in a way that connects children to their world. Erth’s large-scale puppets were developed in consultation with paleontologists, based on current science and interpretations of fossil evidence. Employing sophisticated design and electronics, these giants are brought to life by skilled performers and puppeteers, made all the more real through the magic of theatre. A scene from Dinosaur Zoo Live 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................. -
1 CLASS 11: ANATOMY & SAUROPODOMORPHS I. BASIC DINOSAUR ANATOMY Anatomical Orientation Anterior
CLASS 11: ANATOMY & SAUROPODOMORPHS I. BASIC DINOSAUR ANATOMY Anatomical orientation Anterior - front Posterior - back Dorsal - top Ventral - bottom Proximal - near Distal - far Medial - towards the middle Lateral - towards the side Major parts of the skeleton you should know Vertebral column: cervical (neck), thoracic (attach to rib), sacral (attach to pelvis), and caudal (tail) vertebrae. Sacral vertebrae = sacrum Forelimb: Scapula, Coracoid, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Wrist (carpels), Finger bones (metacarpels and phalanges) Hindlimb: Pelvis = Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Ankle (tarsals = Astragalus, Calcaneum), Toe bones (metatarsals and phalanges) Head bony parts: Lower jaw: dentary (with teeth), articular (lower jaw joint), others bones Upper jaw: premaxilla and maxilla (both with teeth), quadrate (upper jaw joint) Skull: skull roof bones (nasals, frontals, parietals, etc.), cheek and eye bones (jugal, lacramal, post-orbital, etc.), palate bones, braincase, occipital condyle (head-neck joint) Head holes: foramen magnum (hole where spinal cord enters braincase), antorbital fenestra, upper and lower temporal fenestra, mandibular fenestra (on lower jaw) Sauropodomorpha All herbivores Shared derived traits Small head (5% body length), long neck with at least 10 vertebrae, elongate peg- like teeth with coarsely serrated crowns, large thumb with claw, long femur, large obturator foramen in pubis Prosauropoda few easily diagnosed shared features whopping big thumb claw that is further twisted, elongate cervical vertebrae (Also: small 5th digit on hind foot, iguana-like teeth) Some used gastroliths Quadrupeds and facultative bipeds Plateosaurus, Anchisaurus, Mussasaurus (representative genera) Known from Late Triassic through Early Jurassic Global distribution (Pangean) These represent the earliest plant-eating dinosaurs, which presumably evolved from bipedal meat eaters. -
Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan
Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan VOL. 32, NO. 11, PP. 189–243 APRIL 10, 2017 MOABOSAURUS UTAHENSIS, N. GEN., N. SP., A NEW SAUROPOD FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS (APTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA BY BROOKS B. BRITT1, RODNEY D. SCHEETZ1, MICHAEL F. WHITING2, AND D. RAY WILHITE3 Abstract — The Early Cretaceous was a time of dramatic change for sauropod dinosaurs in North America. Between the Late Jurassic-aged Morrison Formation and overlying Early Cretaceous strata, there was a dramatic decline in sauropod diversity. Here, we describe a new sauropod that adds to the diversity of the Early Cretaceous, from strata that can be no older than the early Aptian, (125 Ma) some 25 million years younger than the Morrison Formation. Moabosaurus utahensis, n. gen., n. sp., is diagnosed in part by the following suite of charac- ters: axially thin ventral basioccipital with posteriorly sweeping basal tubera; low-spined cervical vertebrae with neural spines that range from shallowly notched on anterior cervical vertebrae to shallow, but widely notched on middle and some posterior cervical vertebrae; posterior cervical and anterior dorsal neural spines with extremely low, axially thin, laterally wide ridges at the level of the zygapophyses; some cervical ribs with bifid posterior shafts; anterior and posterior caudal vertebrae with strongly procoelous centra, middle caudal vertebrae with mildly procoelous centra, and distal caudal vertebrae with moderately-to-strongly procoelous centra. To determine the phylogenetic position of Moabosaurus we utilized three different datasets and performed four analyses. All results are in agreement that Moabosaurus is a neosauropod. The two most resolved trees indicate it is a macronarian, specifically a basal titanosauriform. -
The Evolution of Sauropod Locomotion
eight The Evolution of Sauropod Locomotion MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF A SECONDARILY QUADRUPEDAL RADIATION Matthew T. Carrano Sauropod dinosaur locomotion, fruitful but also have tended to become canal- like that of many extinct groups, has his- ized. In this regard, the words of paleontologist torically been interpreted in light of potential W. C. Coombs (1975:23) remain particularly apt, modern analogues. As these analogies—along as much for their still-relevant summary of the with our understanding of them—have shifted, status quo in sauropod locomotor research as perspectives on sauropod locomotion have fol- for their warning to future workers: lowed. Thus early paleontologists focused on the “whalelike” aspects of these presumably aquatic It is a subtle trap, the ease with which an entire reptilian suborder can have its habits and habi- taxa (e.g., Osborn 1898), reluctantly relinquish- tat preferences deduced by comparison not ing such ideas as further discoveries began to with all proboscideans, not with the family characterize sauropod anatomy as more terres- Elephantidae, not with a particular genus or trial. Although this debate continued for over a even a single species, but by comparison with century, the essentially terrestrial nature of certain populations of a single subspecies. Deciding that a particular modern animal is sauropod limb design was recognized by the most like sauropods is no guarantee of solving early 1900s (Hatcher 1903; Riggs 1903). Aside the problem of sauropod behavior. from a few poorly received attempts (e.g., Hay 1908; Tornier 1909), comparisons have usually Similarly, modern analogues play a limited been made between sauropods and terrestrial role in illuminating the evolution of sauropod mammals, rather than reptiles.