Diodoro Siculo E La Sicilia Indigena ATTI DEL CONVEGNO DI STUDI
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Kretan Cult and Customs, Especially in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods: a Religious, Social, and Political Study
i Kretan cult and customs, especially in the Classical and Hellenistic periods: a religious, social, and political study Thesis submitted for degree of MPhil Carolyn Schofield University College London ii Declaration I, Carolyn Schofield, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been acknowledged in the thesis. iii Abstract Ancient Krete perceived itself, and was perceived from outside, as rather different from the rest of Greece, particularly with respect to religion, social structure, and laws. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the bases for these perceptions and their accuracy. Krete’s self-perception is examined in the light of the account of Diodoros Siculus (Book 5, 64-80, allegedly based on Kretan sources), backed up by inscriptions and archaeology, while outside perceptions are derived mainly from other literary sources, including, inter alia, Homer, Strabo, Plato and Aristotle, Herodotos and Polybios; in both cases making reference also to the fragments and testimonia of ancient historians of Krete. While the main cult-epithets of Zeus on Krete – Diktaios, associated with pre-Greek inhabitants of eastern Krete, Idatas, associated with Dorian settlers, and Kretagenes, the symbol of the Hellenistic koinon - are almost unique to the island, those of Apollo are not, but there is good reason to believe that both Delphinios and Pythios originated on Krete, and evidence too that the Eleusinian Mysteries and Orphic and Dionysiac rites had much in common with early Kretan practice. The early institutionalization of pederasty, and the abduction of boys described by Ephoros, are unique to Krete, but the latter is distinct from rites of initiation to manhood, which continued later on Krete than elsewhere, and were associated with different gods. -
Dating the Monuments of Syracusan Imperialism
Syracuse in antiquity APPENDIX 4: DATING THE MONUMENTS OF SYRACUSAN IMPERIALISM Archaic Period Apollonion and Artemision on Ortygia Zeus Urios at Polichne Gelon Work starts on the temple of Athena (485-480) Temples to Demeter and Kore, and Demeter at Aetna (Katane) Tombs of the Deinomenids on the road to Polichne Ornamental Pool at Akragas, statuary at Hipponion Hieron I Theatre at Neapolis (after) 466 An altar to Zeus Eleutherios 450-415 Temenos of Apollo at Neapolis 415 Fortification of Neapolis and Temenites Garden at Syracuse Dionysius I Fortification of the Mole and Small Harbour Construction of acropoleis on Ortygia and the Mole Embellishment of the agora Completion of the northern wall on Epipolai, the Hexapylon and Pentapylon Foundation of Tyndaris Destruction of the tombs of Gelon and Demarete Completion of the circuit walls of the city Dionysius II Re-foundation of Rhegion as Phoebia Two colonies founded in Apulia Destruction of the acropoleis and fortifications of the Mole and Ortygia Timoleon Construction of the Timoleonteion Re-foundation of Gela, Akragas and Megara Hyblaia Gymnasium and Tomb of Timoleon near the agora Agathokles Fortifications of Gela A harbour at Hipponion The Eurialos Fort 150 Appendix A Banqueting Hall on Ortygia Refortification of Ortygia and the Partus Laccius Decoration of the interior of the Athenaion Re-foundation of Segesta as Dikaiopolis Hieron II Palace on Ortygia The Theatre at Neapolis Altar of Zeus Eleutherios renovated Olympieion in the agora Hieronymous Refinement of fortifications at Eurialos 151 Syracuse in antiquity APPENDIX 5: THE PROCONSULS OF SICILY (210-36 BC)1 211: M. -
Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 8 | 1995 Varia Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion Angelos Chaniotis and Eftychia Stavrianopoulou Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/605 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.605 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 1995 Number of pages: 205-266 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Angelos Chaniotis and Eftychia Stavrianopoulou, « Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion », Kernos [Online], 8 | 1995, Online since 11 April 2011, connection on 16 September 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/kernos/605 Kernos Kernos, 8 (1995), p, 205-266. EpigrapWc Bulletin for Greek Religion 1991 (EBGR) This fifth issue of BEGR presents the publications of 1991 along with several addenda to BEGR 1987-1990. The division of the work between New York and Heidelberg, for the first time this year, caused certain logistical prablems, which can be seen in several gaps; some publications of 1991 could not be considered for this issue and will be included in the next BEGR, together with the publications of 1992. We are optimistic that in the future we will be able to accelerate the presentation of epigraphic publications. The principles explained in Kernos, 4 (991), p. 287-288 and Kernos, 7 (994), p. 287 apply also to this issue, The abbreviations used are those of L'Année Philologique and the Supplementum Bpigraphicum Graecum. We remind our readers that the bulletin is not a general bibliography on Greek religion; works devoted exclusively to religious matters (marked here with an asterisk) are presented very briefly, even if they make extensive use of inscriptions, In exceptional cases (see n° 87) we include in our bulletin studies on the Linear B tablets. -
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11Th Edition, by Various 1
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, by Various 1 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, by Various The Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 9, Slice 6 "English Language" to "Epsom Salts" Author: Various Release Date: February 17, 2011 [EBook #35306] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA *** Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's notes: (1) Numbers following letters (without space) like C2 were originally printed in subscript. Letter subscripts are preceded by an underscore, like Cn. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, by Various 2 (2) Characters following a carat (^) were printed in superscript. (3) Side-notes were relocated to function as titles of their respective paragraphs. (4) Macrons and breves above letters and dots below letters were not inserted. (5) Small and capital EZH letters are subtituted with [gh] and [Gh] respectively. Thorn is subtituted with th or Th, and eth is subtituted with dh. (6) [root] stands for the root symbol; [alpha], [beta], etc. for greek letters. (7) The following typographical errors have been corrected: ARTICLE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: "The writers of each district wrote in the dialect familiar to them; and between extreme forms the difference was so great as to amount to unintelligibility ..." 'familiar' amended from 'familar'. -
Crete in the Greek Tradition
UC-NRLF B 3 bM3 bbT Crete in the Greek Tradition Theodore Arthur Buenger ll A Thesis, presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Pennsylvania, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Philadelphia, Pa. 1915 PRESS OF Steinman & Foltz, Lancaster, Pa. The writer wishes to express his sincere thanks to Prof. William N. Bates, Prof. Henry L. Cros- by, Prof. Walter W. Hyde, and Dr. Edith H. Hall. 330272 . CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 7 II. Sources 9 III. Myths about the Gods 11 1. Titans, Idaean Dactyls, Curetes II 2. Zeus 14 3. Poseidon 16 4. Apollo 17 5. Hermes 18 6. Hephaestus 19 7. Dionysus 19 8. Hera 21 9. Demeter 21 10. Athena 22 1 1 Artemis 23 12. Aphrodite 24 13. Asclepius 24 14. Helios 24 15. Eileithyia 24 16. Muses 25 17. Other Gods 26 18. Summary 26 IV. Myths about the Heroes 27 1. Earliest Rulers of Crete 27 2. Europa 28 3. Minos 30 A. The Cretan Bull 32 B. Glaucus 32 C. Britomartis 33 D. Talos •..;..,;.... 35 E. Procris 36 F. Ganymede. 37 G. Pasiphae 38 H. Androgeus 39 I. Nisus 39 J. Theseus 41 K. Daedalus 45 L. Summary 47 4. Rhadamanthys 48 5. Sarpedon 50 5 6 Contents 6. Deucalion 50 7. Asterius 51 8. Idomeneus and Meriones 51 9. Catreus and Althaemenes 53 10. Orion 54 11. Odysseus 55 12. Epimenides 55 13. Summary 56 V. Ethnology of Crete 57 VI. Cretan Colonies 61 1. The Islands 61 2. -
Theatricality Beyond the Theater. Staging Public Life in the Hellenistic World*
Originalveroffentlichung in: B. Le Guen (ed.), De la scene aux gradins. Theatre et representations dramatiques apres Alexandre le Grand dans les cites hellenistiques. Actes du Colloque, Toulouse 1997 (Pallas, 41), Toulouse 1997, 219-259. De la scene aux gradins (ed. B. Le Guen), PALLAS, 47, 1997, pp. 219-259. Theatricality Beyond the Theater. Staging Public Life in the Hellenistic World* Angelos CHANIOTIS (New York University) ecopaiccbs TrdvTa TO: EKET TrpdyuaTct TpaycpSlav 5vra Ka\ OKr|Voypc«plav 1. Life as a stage in Hellenistic thought The story goes that moments before his death Augustus turned to his friends, asked them if he had played his part in the drama of life (mimum vitae) well, and — quoting a comic epilogue - invited them to greet his exit with applause1. This comparison of a dying person to an actor who leaves the stage is one of the many similies ancient theater has bequeathed to the post-classical world2. On a philosophical level, this simile indicates that life is a stage3 on which humans act out the parts in a play composed by powers beyond their control. For modern sociology and anthropology the playwrights of the drama of life are societies; they generate symbolic actions and roles which each member I would like to express my thanks to Oliver Hoover, MA, for improving the English text and to William J. Slater for many useful suggestions. 1 Suet., Oct. 99 ed. Ailloud: capillum sibi comi ac malas labantes corrigi praccepit et admissos amicos percontatus, ecquid its videretur mimum vitae commode transegisse adiecit et clausulam el 8e TI / ix°l KoAcbs, Tcp iraiyvlcp 66TE KP6TOV / KO\ TT6:VTES riufis \ierh xap6s TrpoTrdmyaTE; cf. -
Chapter 5: Imperial Designs
CHAPTER 5: IMPERIAL DESIGNS Introduction As the title suggests, the focus here is Syracusan imperialism during the fifth and fourth centuries BC. However, rather than simply delivering a chronological account, the dis cussion is also concerned with the physical remains of the historical period in question. Furthermore, are these monuments indicators of collective civic or individual ruler pride in conquest? The tangible remains of imperialism through the ages are seen everywhere - often in civic structures, often in an urban context. They are usually the monuments of individuals or political elites, whenever these persons have sought to create memories of their triumphs. Many of the memorials from antiquity are today in ruins as time has taken its toll, but also because many were destroyed - sometimes soon after their construction - as rulers changed, or where a state and its citizens changed allegiances. Then there are the tangible remains of destruction where an aggressor leaves as a memorial of his success the obliteration (or nearly so) of a city or town. Imperialist ambitions impacted on the ancient topography in both positive and negative ways. Much of the history at Syracuse of this time is characterised by a belligerent for eign policy: initially, aggressive expansion in southeastern Sicily, and later (sometimes impulsive) intervention throughout Magna Graecia. However, at the same time the in ternal history of Syracuse was punctuated, to an inordinate degree, by violent civil unrest which is not mirrored (at least not to the same extent) in the poleis of either mainland Greece or in those around the Aegean.1 Yet, conflict at home did not weaken the state for, in external affairs, the Syracusans displayed a purposeful energy in engaging in a string of military adventures in which they were often successful, and which made the city a powerhouse of western Hellenism. -
Kale Akte – 'The Fair Promontory'. New Research and Interpretations On
A. Lindhagen Vol. 6, 2020 CLARA Kale Akte – ‘the Fair Promontory’. New Research and Interpretations on the Urban History and Foundation by Ducetius Adam Lindhagen Abstract. This paper examines the origins of the ancient urban settlement Kale Akte on the north coast of Sicily, based on the extensive excavations and research carried out at Caronia and Caronia Marina over the last two decades. It is suggested that the name Kale Akte – ‘Fair Promontory’ – was probably coined in Archaic times by Greek merchants and would have derived from the promontory with its harbour, an obvious landmark for the Greeks. The recently discovered Archaic harbour at Caronia Marina is regarded as a Sikel harbour, created as a maritime outlet for a Sikel settlement that must have existed on the hill-top of Caronia before the foundation by Ducetius. The archaeological finds suggest that the Sikel settlement was well acquainted with the Greek custom of the symposion. In the Archaic period, Kale Akte can be viewed as a ‘middle ground’ where traders of different ethnicities and cultural identity put differences aside in order to make a profit on trade. The topographical characteristics of the site are compared with the two other alleged foundations by Ducetius: Menai (Mineo) and Paliké. The hill-top of Caronia has close similarities with Mineo, but also with Cittadella, the precursor to Morgantina. Ducetius cannot have been the instigator behind the grand urban plan of Morgantina, since all his urban projects seem to have been on a relatively limited scale. The topographical situation of Kale Akte is also compared with that of the neighbouring cities Halaesa, Apollonia and Haluntium. -
Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1993-1994
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 10 | 1997 Varia Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1993-1994 Angelos Chaniotis and Eftychia Stavrianopoulou Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/666 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.666 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 1997 Number of pages: 249-314 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Angelos Chaniotis and Eftychia Stavrianopoulou, « Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 1993-1994 », Kernos [Online], 10 | 1997, Online since 12 April 2011, connection on 16 September 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/kernos/666 Kernos Kernos, 10 (1997), p. 249-314. Epigraphie Bulletin for Greek Religion 1993-1994 (EBGR) From the first publication of BEGR in 1991 the chronological gap between the publication of a book or an article and its presentation in this bulletin has been relatively long, i.e., four years. In this issue we will begin an attempt to reduce il. The seventh issue of BEGR presents the publications of 1993, part of the publications of 1994, and several addenda to BEGR 1991-1992. Several publi cations of 1992 and 1993, which unfortunatelly were not accessible on time, will be presented in the next issue. The principles explained in Kernos, 4 (1991), p. 287-288 and Kernos, 7 (1994), p. 287 also apply to this issue. As usual, works devoted exclusively to aspects of Greek religion (marked with an asterisk) are presented very briefly. The abbreviations used are those of L'Année Philologique and the Supplemen tl/m Bpigraphicum Graecum. -
Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe
MYTHS OF CRETE AND PRE-HELLENIC EUROPE BY DONALD A. MACKENZIE 1917 Myths of Crete and Pre-Hellenic Europe by Donald A. Mackenzie. This edition was created and published by Global Grey ©GlobalGrey 2018 globalgreyebooks.com CONTENTS Preface Sketch Map of Eastern Part of Crete Introduction Chapter 1. Primitive Europeans Of The Glacial And Inter-Glacial Periods Chapter 2. Palæolithic Magic And Religion Chapter 3. Ancient Peoples Of The Goddess Cult Chapter 4. History In Myth And Legend--Schliemann's Discoveries Chapter 5. Crete As The Lost Atlantis Chapter 6. The Great Palace Of Knossos Chapter 7. Races And Myths Of Neolithic Crete Chapter 8. Pre-Hellenic Earth And Corn Mothers Chapter 9. Growth Of Cretan Culture And Commerce Chapter 10. Trading Relations With Troy Chapter 11. Life In The Little Towns Chapter 12. The Palace Of Phæstos Chapter 13. Cave Deities And Their Symbols Chapter 14. Decline Of Crete And Rise Of Greece Ladies of the Minoan Court From the painting by John Duncan, A.R.S.A. 1 PREFACE This volume deals with the myths and legends connected with the ancient civilization of Crete, and also with the rise and growth of the civilization itself, while consideration is given to various fascinating and important problems that arise in the course of investigating pre-Hellenic habits of thought and habits of life, which are found to have exercised a marked influence in the early history of Europe. In the first two chapters the story of European civilization is carried back to remote Palæolithic times, the view having been urged, notably by Mosso, that a connection existed between the civilization of the artistic cave-dwellers in France and Spain, and that of the Island of Minos. -
A HISTORICAL COMMENTARY on PLUTARCH's MARCELLUS By
A HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ON PLUTARCH'S MARCELLUS By EDWARD DALE CLARK B.A., The University of Washington, 1983 M.A., The University of Washington, 1984 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Classics) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 1991 ® Edward Dale Clark, 1991 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. 1 further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allovk^ed without my written permission. Department The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date Dec, lû^ m\ DE-6 (2/88) A HISTORICAL COMMENTARY ON PLUTARCH'S MARCELLUS ABSTRACT M. Claudius Marcellus won military renown during Rome's wars with the Gauls and the Carthaginians in the latter half of the third century B.C. As consul in 222 B.C. he earned the rare honor of the spolia opima by slaying in single combat the opposing Gallic chieftain. In the dark days following the disaster at Cannae in 216 B.C., he showed himself to be the only Roman commander capable of standing up to, if not actually defeating, Hannibal in Italy; for this he gained the title of 'The Sword of Rome.' Plutarch, writing at the turn of the second century A.D., came near the end of the development of the historical tradition about this famous general.