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EFiled: Jun 28 2018 02:35P Filing ID 62185587 Case Number 184,2017 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE TIBY J. SAUNDERS-GOMEZ, No. 184, 2017 Appellant Below- Appellant, V. Court Below—Superior Court of the State of Delaware RUTLEDGE MAINTENANCE CORP., C.A. No. N16A-03-003 Appellee Below- Appellee. Submitted: April 27, 2018 Decided: June 28, 2018 Before VALIHURA, VAUGHN, and SEITZ, Justices. ORDER After careful consideration of the parties' briefs and the record below, the Court concludes that the judgment should be affirmed on the basis of and for the reasons assigned by the Superior Court in its April 3, 2017 opinion affirming the Court of Common Pleas' post-trial judgment in the appellee's favor and its award of attorney's fees under a contractual fee-shifting provision. NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that judgment of the Superior Court is AFFIRMED. BY THE COURT: Is! James T. Vaugbn, Jr. Justice Positive As of: September 8, 20188:39 PM Z Rulle& &7a1n1. Cop, Superior Court of Delaware, New Castle January 5, 2017, Submitted; April 3, 2017, Decided C.A. No. N16A-03-003 FWW Reporter 2017 Del. Super. LEXIS 164 * TIBY SAUNDERS-GOMEz, Appellant, v. RUTLEDGE over the appeal under Del. C.P. Ct. Civ. A. 72.3(f), MAINTENANCE CORPORATION, Appellee. despite that the complaint improperly referenced a declaration from an adjacent housing development, as Notice: THIS OPINION HAS NOT BEEN RELEASED the mirror image rule was satisfied and the reference FOR PUBLICATION. UNTIL RELEASED, IT IS error did not change the essence of the pleading; [3]- SUBJECTTO REVISION OR WITHDRAWAL. The MC's claims were not time-barred under Code Ann. fit. 10, 'S 8106 and 8108, as the account was not a Subsequent History: Affirmed by Saunciers-Gomez v. "mutual and running accounV' and the claims were Rutledge Maint. Corp., 2018 Del. LEXIS 307 (Del., June subject to the 20-year common law limitations period 28, 2018) because the declaration was a recorded instrument under seal. Prior History: (*11 On Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas. Outcome Judgment affirmed. Saunders-Gomez v. Rutledge Ma/nt. corp., 2016 Del. LexisNexis® Headnotes G.P. LEXIS 8 (Feb. 25. 2016) Disposition: AFFIRMED. Core Terms Civil Procedure > Appeals > Appellate Briefs Declaration, communications, parties, statute of Civil Procedure> Parties> Pro Se Litigants limitations, argues, annual assessment, attorney's fees, running account, opening brief, de novo, Answering, Civil Procedure > Appeals > Reviewability of Lower mutual, bias, seal, recusal, issues, requirements, Court Decisions assessments, asserting, impartial, appeals, appears, deed ffiVi[A] Appeals, Appellate Briefs Case Summary Courts recognize that pro se litigants are afforded a certain measure of leniency in presenting their case to the court. However, the pro se litigant's brief at the very Overview least must assert an argument that is capable of review. Courts are at liberty to reasonably interpret a pro se HOLDINGS: [1]-Some of the grounds in a property litigant's filings, pleadings and appeals in a favorable owner's appeal of a judgment for a housing light to alleviate the technical inaccuracies typical in development's maintenance company (MC), arising many pro se legal arguments. from her breach of contract in failing to pay annual assessments, were not reviewable because they were conclusory, lacking in supporting legal authority, and/or incomprehensible; [2-The trial court had jurisdiction Civil Procedure > Appeals > Appellate Briefs Page 2 of 9 2017 Del. Super. LEXIS 164, *1 Civil Procedure > Appeals> Aeviewability of Lower Civil Procedure> Pleading & Court Decisions Practice > Pleadings> Rule Application & Interpretation Civil Procedure> Parties> Pro Se Litigants &r] Capacity of Parties, Representative HiVZLI Appeals, Appellate Briefs Capacity Although the court affords some degree of leniency to According to Del. J.P. Ct. Civ. R. 26(b), if the plaintiff is self-represented litigants as to briefing requirements, an a corporation, partnership or other artificial entity, the bill appellant's opening brief, at a minimum, must be of particulars shall be verified by an officer of the entity adequate so that the court can conduct a meaningful as defined in Del. Sup. Ct. A. 57(a)(3) or any review of the merits of the appellant's claims. In order to representative certified pursuant to Rule 57. develop a legal argument effectively, the opening brief must marshal the relevant facts and establish reversible error by demonstrating why the action at trial was contrary to either controlling precedent or persuasive Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review> De Novo Review decisional authority from other jurisdictions. Civil Procedure> Appeals > Appellate Jurisdiction> State Court Review Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review > De Novo Review HIV Standards of Review, De Novo Review Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Pursuant to Del. Code Ann. iLt. 10. 95711c) and Del. Review > Questions of Fact & jj C.P. Ct. Civ. A. 72.3(a), all appeals from the Justice of the Peace Court to the Court of Common Pleas are tried Civil Procedure > ... > Standards of de novo. A de novo hearing on appeal from a Justice's Review > Substantial Evidence > Sufficiency of court means a trial anew, whether of law or fact, Evidence according to the usual or required mode of procedure. Indeed, sS 9571 requires that the parties begin anew, as Civil Procedure > Appeals > Appellate if proceedings in the lower court never took place. Jurisdiction> State Court Review fi[] Standards of Review, De Novo Review Civil Procedure > ...> Pleadings > Amendment of The standard of review by the Superior Court for an Pleadings > Leave of Court appeal from the trial court is the same standard applied by the Supreme Court to appeals from the Superior Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review Court. In addressing appeals from the trial court, the Superior Court is limited to correcting errors of law and CMI determining whether substantial evidence exists to Procedure> ..> Pleadings > Complaints> Require support factual findings. Substantial evidence is relevant ments for Complaint evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as Amendment of Pleadings, Leave of Court adequate to support a conclusion. If factual findings are ff[] sufficiently supported by the record and are the product The mirror imaae rule of Del. C. P. Ct. Civ. R. 72.3(f) is of an orderly and logically deductive process, then they satisfied if the complaint on appeal presents no parties will not be challenged. Questions of law are reviewed or issues other than those presented by the original de novo. complaint below. Once appellate jurisdiction is perfected, parties may seek to amend the pleadings or otherwise add or dismiss issues or parties. Civil Procedure> Parties > Capacity of Parties> Representative Capacity Business & Corporate Compliance> ... > Contracts Page 3 of 9 2017 Del. Super. LEXIS 164, *1 jj> Standards of Performance > Creditors & way bear on the merits of the proceeding. Debtors Contracts jv> Defenses > Statute of Limitations Civil Procedure > Appeals> Standards of Review> Abuse of Discretion EZ[c] Standards of Performance, Creditors & Debtors Civil Procedure > Appeals > Standards of Review> De Novo Review Pursuant to DeL Code Ann. tit. 10. § 8106. an action to enforce a contract has a three-year statute of limitations. Civil Procedure > ... > Disqualification & The statute of limitations begins to accrue at the time of Recusal > Grounds for Disqualification & the breach. In the case of a mutual and running account Recusal > Personal Bias between parties, however, the statute of limitations shall not begin to run while such account continues open and HN11[] Standards of Review, Abuse of Discretion current. Del. Code Ann. tit. 10. § 8108. When addressing a motion for recusal on grounds of personal bias or prejudice, a judge must engage in a Business & Corporate Compliance> J.. > Contracts two-part analysis. First, the judge must subjectively j> Types of Contracts > Contracts Under Seal determine that she can proceed to hear the case free of bias or prejudice. Second, once the judge has Contracts j> Defenses> Statute 6f Limitations subjectively determined that she has no bias, she must then objectively determine whether, actual bias aside, LAIfl[] Types of Contracts, Contracts, Under Seal there is an appearance of bias sufficient to cause doubt about her impartiality. If an objective observer viewing It is well-established under Delaware law that the circumstances would conclude that a fair or impartial instruments evidenced by seal are subject to the hearing is unlikely, recusal is appropriate. The judge common law 20-year statute of limitations. must make both determinations on the record. On appeal, the appellate court reviews the trial court's subjective analysis for abuse of discretion, but reviews the merits of the objective analysis de novo. Business & Corporate Compliance> ...> Contracts Types of Contracts> Contracts Under Seal L.!> Counsel: Tiby Saunders-Gomez, Appellant, Pro Se, New Castle, Delaware. Contracts jjj> Defenses> Statute of Limitations Edward J. Fomias, Ill, Esquire, Law Office of EJ HM[] Types of Contracts, Contracts Under Seal Fomias, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for Rutledge Maintenance Corporation. Under Delaware 1y a contract under seal is subject to a 20-year statute of limitations. However, exactly what Judges: Ferris W. Wharton, J. constitutes a sealed instrument that is not a mortgage or deed under Delaware law is not clear because there is Opinion by: Ferris W. Wharton a conflict in the trial courts' decisions. Opinion___ Legal Ethics > Judicial Conduct HN10[ Legal Ethics, Judicial Conduct ORDER The Comment on Del. Judges' Code Jud. Conduct WHARTON, J. - - - -- 4. ..44 SL._1. 41... M .1— .s+ 4.,,,4,1 frs %actl lvii • .•.' ..., . This 3rd day of April, 2017, upon consideration of preclude communications between a judge and lawyers Appellant Tiby Saunders-Gomez's ("Appellant") which are purely procedural, such concerning matters Opening Brief, Appellee Rutledge Maintenance as those which pertain to scheduling, and which in no Corporation's ("Appellee") Answering Brief, Appellant's Page 4 of 9 2017 Del.