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Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Mum 5.78 V and 5.03 Ma in Multiple Chambers MFC) Was Attained Connecting Multiple Chambers Containing Mfcs and Able to Lid Light

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Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Mum 5.78 V and 5.03 Ma in Multiple Chambers MFC) Was Attained Connecting Multiple Chambers Containing Mfcs and Able to Lid Light Saha TC, et al., Adv Ind Biotechnol 2019, 2: 010 DOI: 10.24966/AIB-5665/100010 HSOA Advances in Industrial Biotechnology Research Article matter) as substrate. A significant generation of electricity (Maxi- Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) mum 5.78 V and 5.03 mA in multiple chambers MFC) was attained connecting multiple chambers containing MFCs and able to lid light. Application for Generation of Microbial diversity on anodic biofilm was observed by scanning elec- tron microscope (SEM) image analysis. Characterization of anodic Electricity from Dumping biofilm bacterial community suggested that 54.54% of electrogenic bacterial community belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family. In addi- Rubbish and Identification of tion, the non-fermentative genera Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Vibrio, Burkholderia, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Photobacterium, Obesum- Potential Electrogenic Bacteria bacterium, Sphingomonas and Raoultella also played an important role. MFC, a renewable method for electricity generation from biode- gradable compounds without emission of carbon dioxide, is crucial 1 2 2 Titon Chandra Saha , Anica Tasnim Protity , Fatema Tuj Zohora , for sustainable in electricity production in countries like Bangladesh 2 3 1 Modhusudon Shaha , Irfan Ahmed , Eti Barua , Palash Kumar as an environment friendly approach. Sarker2, Sanjoy Kumar Mukherjee1, Abanti Barua1, M Salimullah3 and Abu Hashem2,4* Keywords: Biofilm; Electrogenic Bacteria; Electricity Generation; Microbial Diversity; Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC); Scanning Electron 1Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Micrograph (SEM) Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh 2Microbial Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganak- bari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh Introduction 3Molecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganak- Now a day the world is observing energy crisis due to huge en- bari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka -1349, Bangladesh ergy demand and limited resources. Non-renewable energy sources 4Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), Block-A, Lev- are tremendously depleting, and renewable energy sources are not el-3, IPS Building, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur-50603, Malaysia properly utilized. Combustion of non-renewable energy emits a lot of greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide, which has shown alarming consequences to the environment. There is an immediate need for Abstract search of alternate routes for energy generation [1,2]. Microbial Fuel Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a device in which microorganisms Cells (MFCs) are one of the solutions to mitigate this problem. MFC consume organic compounds as nutrient source and discharge elec- technology, which generates energy especially from the oxidation of trons to the electrode, thereby generating electricity. In this study, organics [3,4] by the metabolic activity of microorganisms seems to double chamber MFCs and multiple chambers MFCs were con- be attractive to warrant power generation [5-7]. The microbial fuel structed for the generation of electricity from microorganisms pres- cells might be come to light for a wide range of uses, including serv- ent in organic waste samples. Samples were collected from organic ing as domestic electrical generators and powering items for example wastes from local garbage dumping area in wetland and electricity small portable electronic devices like robotics [8], automobiles [9], was generated by the oxidation of endogenous microbes present in electronics in space [10] and self-feeding robots [11]. Electricity pro- samples. Electricity production was gradually increased with growth duction by using microbial cultures was first observed over 90 years of organisms, which was decreased after time interval due to deple- ago by Potter [12,13]. tion of organic matter. A steady state for electricity generation was maintained by adding external glucose. In total, 44 bacteria were Mostly organic compounds act as bases of chemical energy and isolated from the anodic biofilm. The electrogenic activity of each these are electron sources for value added product like electricity isolate was observed using artificial wastewater (without organic generation in MFCs. Acetate, glucose, wastewater and petroleum compounds have been studied as substrates in MFCs for electricity *Corresponding author: Abu Hashem, Principal Scientific Officer, Microbial generation [3,14]. Mediator plays an important role to generate elec- Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh; E-mail: [email protected] tricity from different substrates by the catalytic activity of microbes. Sometime external mediator is not necessary because some bacteria Citation: Saha TC, Protity AT, Zohora FT, Shaha M, Ahmed I, et al., (2019) Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Application for Generation of Electricity from Dump- are capable to synthesize its internal mediators [15,16] or even to pass ing Rubbish and Identification of Potential Electrogenic Bacteria Adv Ind Bio- electrons to the anode through direct contact [17,18] when Biofilms technol 2: 010. are formed on the anodes of MFCs. The bacterial conductive pili Received: August 28, 2019; Accepted: September 10, 2019; Published: Sep- are necessary for the development of these dense biofilms and high- tember 16, 2019 er level of current production [19]. Not all bacteria can have direct Copyright: © 2019 Saha TC, et al. This is an open-access article distributed contact with the electrode within the biofilm [5]. The bacterial com- under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits un- munity and predominant species vary depending on operational sta- restricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original tus for example inoculum, substrates nature and electrode materials author and source are credited. [5,20,21]. When MFCs operated with mixed cultures of organisms, Citation: Saha TC, Protity AT, Zohora FT, Shaha M, Ahmed I, et al., (2019) Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Application for Generation of Electricity from Dumping Rubbish and Identification of Potential Electrogenic Bacteria Adv Ind Biotechnol 2: 010. • Page 2 of 8 • current generation observed with greater power densities than those single chamber MFC in series [23]. In this type of design each cham- with pure cultures [6,16]. Several two-compartment MFC systems or ber was contained both anode and cathode electrodes and each an- Single-compartment MFC systems sometime connected in series or ode were connected with the cathode of just next chamber in series. in parallel to investigation of performances [22]. MFC is a reliable, Cathode of first chamber and anode of last chamber were connected clean and alternative source for power generation, which utilizes re- with each other to measures total electricity generation. Electricity newable methods and does not emit any toxic by-product [1]. Many generation (volt and milli-amp unit) was measured by using electric rural areas of country like Bangladesh still deprived of electricity and multimeter as well as connecting blub to observe illumination. there is no effective waste management system. People dump their Anode sample collection and culture wastes nearby water bodies that cause environmental pollutions. In microbial fuel cell, Zinc plate used as anode was the source Therefore, aims of this study is to develop a low-cost domestic of Electrogenic Bacteria (EB). After 30 days, the anode plates were electricity production system using dumping rubbish which will si- collected from MFC aseptically. Sterile distrilled water was rinsed multaneously solve environmental pollution as well as electricity over the biofilm containing anode surface and rubbed the surface crisis. In this study, first power generation from dumping rubbish with sterile toothpick for collection of biofilm. Liquid bacterial sam- using MFCs was investigated, followed by connection of generation ples were collected in sterile beaker. Samples were then cultured in chambers in series to combine produced electricity in single device nutrient agar media using serial dilution technique and spread plate and characterization of individual organism responsible for electricity method for isolation of pure colonies. All petriplates were tranfered production. into the incubator at 37°C and incubated for 24 hours. Each plate was Materials and Methods observed for colony morphology. Good characterized colonies were picked randomly from nutrient agar media and transferred to new nu- Sample collection trient agar plates by streaking for pure culture by sterile loop. The plates were then incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. Waste samples were collected in sterile bottles and sterile sam- pling bags from three locations in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Then Preparation of inoculum the samples were carried to Microbial Biotechnology Division lab of For the proof of electricity generation by our isolated microor- National Institute of Biotechnology (NIB) within four hours and kept ganisms, all the chambers were autoclaved and reconnected. Isolated into refrigerator at 2-4°C for further investigation. 44 bacterial pure (from anodes) cultures were inoculated in sterile Construction and operation of mediatorless double cham- nutrient broth separately and incubate for 18 hours at 37°C and 150 ber MFC rpm to prepare culture inoculum. Each sterile nutrient broth was inoc- ulated with isolated bacterial culture. After the incubation period the The MFC consisted two
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