Berlioz Grande Messe Des Morts

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Berlioz Grande Messe Des Morts FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN GRIEGHALLEN 23. & 24. MAI Berlioz Grande messe des morts BERGEN 23. MAI — 06. JUNI INTERNATIONAL 2018 FESTIVAL FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN 2 2018 Berlioz: Grande messe des morts GRIEGSALEN, GRIEGHALLEN Onsdag 23. mai kl 18:45 Torsdag 24. mai kl 19:30 Wednesday 23 May at 18:45 Thursday 24 May at 19:30 Varighet: 1 t 20 min Duration: 1 h 20 min Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra Eikanger-Bjørsvik Musikklag Musikere fra Bergen Filharmoniske Ungdomsorkester Musicians from Bergen Philharmonic Youth Orchestra Edward Gardner dirigent conductor Edvard Grieg Kor Edvard Grieg Choir Bergen Filharmoniske Kor Bergen Philharmonic Choir Collegiûm Mûsicûm Kor Collegiûm Mûsicûm Choir Royal Northern College of Music Choir Håkon Matti Skrede kormester choir master Bror Magnus Tødenes tenor Last ned appen Spare Stein Phillips lysdesign lighting design Med appen Spare blir det superenkelt å spare. Finn din egen sparemåte, legg inn små eller store mål og følg med på utviklingen underveis. Presentert av Festspillene i Bergen, Musikkselskapet Harmonien og Bergen Nasjonale Opera. Presented by the Bergen International Festival, Bergen Send spare til 04800. Philharmonic Orchestra and Bergen National Opera. Sponset av Sponsored by DNB WWW.FIB.NO 2 3 FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN 4 2018 2018 HECTOR BERLIOZ (1803–1869) Et storverk fra Grande messe des morts, op. 5 1. Requiem et Kyrie romantikken 2. Dies irae; Tuba Mirum 3. Quid sum miser Et rekviem er en katolsk begravelsesmesse. Og det 4. Rex tremendae kan jo virke avskrekkende på mange. Ikke minst 5. Quaerens me fordi den sentrale del antyder et flammende helvete. 6. Lacrimosa Men som vi skal se er akkurat det mer aktuelt i 7. Offertorium dag, om enn på noen måter, enn vi innbiller oss i vår 8. Hostias trygge velferdstat. 9. Sanctus 10. Agnus Dei Den franske komponisten Hector Berlioz (1803–69) vokste opp i et hjem med en ikke-troende legefar og en from katolikk som mor. Skjønt Berlioz selv sto nærmere sin far enn sin mor på dette område, Åpningskonserten vil bli utgitt på plate. forhindret ikke det ham i å takke et entusiatisk ja da den franske innenriksminister Adrien de Gasparin i 1837 ba ham om å skrive et The opening concert will be released as an album. rekviem for de soldatene som falt i revolusjonen i 1830. Å få et slikt oppdrag var naturligvis en stor ære, men det som særlig appellerte Konserten spilles uten pause. til Berlioz var muligheten for å skrive et virkelig stort verk for kor og Please note: No interval during this concert. orkester. Han var en utpreget litterær komponist som har skrevet mange verk inspirert av dramatiske diktere som Vergil, Shakespeare, Synges på latin og tekstes på norsk og engelsk. Goethe, Lord Byron etc. Og et katolsk rekviem er så avgjort dramatisk – det gjelder særlig den lange middelaldersekvensen Performed in Latin and surtitled in Norwegian and English. Dies Irae – som malende skildrer Dommedag og den redsel den vil innebære, for «intet unngår straffens hete». Det er drøy kost for et Introduksjon ved Gunnar Danbolt i Grieghallens foajé onsdag moderne menneske, men alt tyder på at Berlioz så på dette som en 23. mai kl 18:00 og torsdag 24. mai kl 18:45. poetisk myte, som det var hans oppgave å gi liv og troverdighet til. Introduction by Gunnar Danbolt (in Norwegian) in the Og det klarte han da også. Grieghallen foyer Wednesday 23 May at 18:00 and Thursday Et rekviem er en katolsk messe hvor visse deler av liturgien blir 24 May at 18:45. sunget. Det er disse sungne delene – og ikke resten av liturgien – som komponistene skulle sette toner til. Det har mange gjort fra senmiddelalderen av, men da tilpasset situasjonen, enten det gjaldt en høymesse eller en begravelsesmesse. Både Haydn, Mozart, Schubert og mange andre komponerte slike messer. Og flere av dem brukes fremdeles liturgisk, særlig i jesuittkirker i Tyskland og Østerrike. Men de spilles også i konsertsaler, og da er de løftet ut av gudstjenesten og fungerer primært som musikalske verk. Berlioz’ rekviem ble riktignok først fremført i en kirke, men ikke i en liturgisk sammenheng. Til det er verket altfor langt (det tar opp mot 90 min) og krever både et kor og et orkester som sprenger alle kirkelige rammer. Slik er dette rekviem primært et musikalsk verk med tekster hentet fra den katolske begravelsesmessen. Den starter med et Introitus, som begynner med ordene Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine (Gi dem den evige hvile, Herre). Det er fra denne teksten messen har fått sitt navn. Så følger Kyrie eleison (Herre forbarm deg over oss) før den lange sekvensen Dies Irae 3 WWW.FIB.NO WWW.FIB.NO 4 5 FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN 6 2018 2018 (Vredens dag), skrevet på 1200-tallet i Italia. Den består av 19 strofer som hver har tre trokeiske verselinjer (dvs. en trykktung A major work from the stavelse fulgt av en trykklett, som i de norske ordene ténke eller rópe), samtidig som alle de tre verselinjene rimer på hverandre. Romantic period Den er vel det nærmeste vi kommer til en middelaldersk rap. Første strofe lyder slik: A requiem is a Roman Catholic funeral mass. It Díes írae, díes ílla Vredens dag i tidens fylde may be daunting for many. Not least because the Sólvet sáeclum ín favílla; Verden vil i luer hylle principal section implies the fires of hell. However, Téste Dávid cúm Sibílla vitner David og Sibylle as we shall see, that very feature is more relevant today in some ways than we may imagine in the Det er en svært dramatisk tekst som ga en komponist muligheter for å utfolde alle sine musikkdramatiske evner. Berlioz hadde et kor security of our welfare state. på 400 til rådighet og flere grupper av messingblåsere plassert rundt omkring. For på Dommedag skal domstrompetene lyde i The French composer Hector Berlioz (1803–69) grew up with a himmelrommet. non-believing doctor father and a devout Catholic mother. Though Berlioz was closer to his father than his mother in this respect, it did Etter sekvensen følger bønn om nåde og forsoning før Sanctus not prevent his fervent acceptance of the French Home Secretary’s (Hellig, hellig). Verket avsluttes med enda en bønn om forsoning og request to write a requiem for the soldiers who fell in the revolution hvile for den døde – Agnus Dei (O du Guds lam som bærer verdens in 1830. A commission of this nature was undeniably a great honour, synder). but what particularly appealed to Berlioz was the opportunity to compose a really large-scale work for choir and orchestra. He was Det er Dies Irae og de redselsscener den antyder, som utgjør det an eminently literary composer – he wrote many works inspired by sentrale element i Berlioz’ rekviem. Men både i sekvensen selv og dramatic poets including Vergil, Shakespeare, Gøethe and Byron. foran og etter ropes det om nåde, tilgivelse og forsoning. Man må And a requiem is definitely dramatic, especially the long mediaeval huske på at middelalderens helvete, ikke minst slik Dante skildrer sequence Dies Irae, which depicts in detail the Day of Judgement det, er en blåkopi av vår egen verden. Det er like mye redselen for and the fear it will instil, since ‘nothing unavenged remaineth’. at helvete også skal ramme oss her og nå, dette verket handler om. These are strong words for modern humankind, but it is likely that Syria var et velfungerende samfunn inntil 2011 og er nå et virkelig Berlioz regarded it merely as a poetic myth, to which it was his task inferno, verre enn det Dies Irae hentyder til. Det er dette som gjør to give life and credence. Which he did. Berlioz’ rekviem aktuelt – vi vet aldri hva som vil ramme oss i denne verden, herjet av kriger, konflikter og truende klimakatastrofer. A requiem is a Catholic mass in which certain parts of the liturgy Måtte vi unnslippe disse! are sung. It is the sung parts – and not the rest of the liturgy – that the composer set to music. Many have done so from the late Middle Ages onward, but in context, whether in a regular mass Tekst: Gunnar Danbolt or a funeral mass. Haydn, Mozart, Schubert and many others composed requiem masses. Several of these are still in use in liturgy, especially in Jesuit churches in Germany and Austria. They are also performed in concert halls, removed from an ecclesiastical context and presented primarily as works of music. Berlioz’s Requiem was in fact first performed in a church, but not in a liturgical context. The work is too long (about 90 minutes), and demands a choir and orchestra far greater than is practical in a church. Thus this Requiem is primarily a musical work based on texts from the Catholic funeral mass. It opens with an Introit, which starts with the words Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine (Eternal rest give unto them, O Lord), the text which gives the mass its name. After the Kyrie Eleison (Lord, have mercy) comes the long sequence Dies Irae (the Day of Wrath), written in Italy in the 13th 5 WWW.FIB.NO WWW.FIB.NO 6 7 FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN FESTSPILLENE I BERGEN 8 2018 2018 century. It consists of 19 verses, each of three rhyming lines in trochaic rhythm (as in the first verse in William Josiah Irons’s 1849 translation: Day of wrath and doom impending) – the nearest we get to mediaeval rap! The extremely dramatic text gives the composer the opportunity to unfold all his musical dramatic skills. Berlioz used a choir of 400 voices and four antiphonal offstage brass ensembles: on the Day of Judgement the trumpets of wrath will sound from the heavens! After the Dies Irae follows a prayer for mercy and reconciliation before the Sanctus (Holy, holy, holy Lord God of Hosts).
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