Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 109 4th Asia Pacific Education Conference (AECON 2017)

Creating A Material Resource for History Students Using Local History Content Entitle “Banyumas before War (1755-1825)”

Prof. Dr. Sugeng Priyadi, M. Hum. History Education Department Teacher Training and Educational Faculty Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Abstract—This paper describe about the Development of Teaching Material Based local history for University students in Historical subject. The title of the learning resource is Banyumas before Diponegoro War (1755-1825). The method used is the Research and Development. The results show the development of teaching materials based on the local historical value entitle Banyumas before Diponegoro War (1755-1825) assist students in obtaining better understanding about local history, it also assist the student to self-assess and to become a self-directed learner and to become critically literate. Key words: material development, local history, students learning

A. Introduction 3. The learning resource have information that Teaching materials include handouts, unit are pitched at the student‘s skill level and be outlines, or textbooks, can help students to learn. presented in a sequence that will assist They may be more considered as learning learning. resources. 4. The learning resource assist The quality and the accessibility of these the student to self-assess and to become a resources are equally important. The quality of self-directed learner. learning resources is determined by whether they 5. The learning resource assist the student to support students in achieving the expected learning become critically literate outcomes. The accessibility of the learning Result of Learning Resource Development resources may include the timeliness and ease of The reseult of learning resource develipment was access, as well as the usability for students with presented in this paper as a resource for history special needs. teacher, and it comprises into some parts. In line with this, According to Painga (2017) In student-centred programmes, the most Introduction appropriate resources are ‗real materials‘ that are The event related to the War is the linked to student goals. These materials can be Giyanti Agreement, which divided Mataram used to create learning resources that will meet the Sultanate into two, i.e. Sunanate and specific needs of the student. The teaching Sultanate. Surakarta was the centre of strategies and accompanying learning resources , after Mataram‘s capital was that a tutor uses are significant factors in moved from Kartasura, until the Giyanti determining whether students make progress. Agreement (Soeratman, 1989: 1). This divide et impera politic made Java, especially Mataram, B. Methods weaker because that division could not be Reseach and development methods was appied to separated from territory division. Banyumas, develop the material. Some integrative sources located in the west of Yogyakarta, was actually from the bok as well as direct investigation was under the rule of . However, used to make a goog learning souces the 9th Banyumas Regent, Tumenggung Yudanegara III (1749-1755), was appointed by the C. Material Development Result Prince of Mangkubumi as pepatih dalem of Impact to the Students . Thus, an inverse position Based on the investiagation, the material resource had happened. In Mangkubumen War, created have some excelence such as; Tumenggung Yudanegara III, became the 1. The learning resource is easy to use opponent of Prince Mangkubumi. In that position, 2. The learning resource is gender and one of Tumenggung Yudanegara III‘s younger culturally appropriate, of interest to the brothers, Dipayuda I who served as a ngabehi (a student, and promote inclusive practice.

Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 241 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 109

noble title for a official) in Pamerden (the Yudanegara V‘s request to forerunner of Purbalingga), became the victim. Pakubuwana IV (1788-1820) in Surakarta (Priyadi, According to Babad Banyumas (a historical 2009: 100). As the consequence, Yudanegara V story about Banyumas), Dipayuda died during the was dismissed from his position. However, this battle in Jenar, Kebumen so that he was called rumour seemed to be doubtful since Raffles never posthumous Dipayuda Seda Jenar (Dipayuda who seemed to come to Banyumas (compared with died in Jenar). Another posthumous name was Hannigan, 2016). Therefore, babad works then Dipayuda Seda Ngrana, which meant Dipayuda made a new story that Yudanegara V was who died in the battlefield. Dipayuda‘s death then dismissed since he revolted (mbalela) and wanted changed the history of Banyumas in a broad to be an independent king in Banyumas by meaning. The position of ngabehi in Pamerden planting kurung bayan tree or twin bayan in was then replaced by Dipayuda II, one of Banyumas square. The second version seemed to Tumenggung Yudanegara III‘s sons so that the last be stronger than the first one, but babad works Dipayuda was called Dipayuda II in babad (a stated that the decision of dismissing Yudanegara historical story) works. Meanwhile, Dipayuda I V came from Raffles‘s provocation to Susuhunan refered to the killed Dipayuda. Pakubuwana IV. This happened because Raffles was actually afraid of that Banyumas Regent. As a result of this dismissal, Tumenggung Yudanegara B. Banyumas within 1755-1825 Periods V was called Yudanegara Pamungkas, which Another very historical thing for Banyumas meant the last Yudanegara because after the 1816 descendants is the appointment of Tumenggung inccident, Yudanegara name was no longer used Yudanegara III for being pepatih dalem entitled by the next successors. Yudanegara V was also Raden Adipati Danuredja as the first patih (the called Yudanegara Lengser since his position was prime minister). The position of Banyumas Regent revoked by the king. was replaced by Tumenggung Yudanegara III‘s The dismissal of Yudanegara V was son whose title was Tumenggung Yudanegara IV recorded in Tedhakan Serat Soedjarah (1755-1780). This 10th Banyumas Regent was in a Joedanagaran (one of Danurejan B‘s version) rather difficult position since he was the regent (Priyadi, 2007: 101; 2010: 50). The text stated that under the rule of Surakarta Sunanate, while his in Mulud or Rabiul Awal (two months in Java father was a pepatih dalem of Yogyakarta calendar) of Ehe Year of 1740, Yudanegara V was Sultanate. In babad works, Tumenggung dismissed which was continued by the division of Yudanegara IV suffered the fate of dismissal in Banyumas. If Mulud Ehe 1740 was converted to 1780 because he was allegedly conspired with his AD (Masehi Year), it can be known that it father. Or, he was rumoured to hide Bugis troops coincided with November 1812. Thus, the in Banyumas. As a result of his dismissal, he was dismissal was predicted to occur in 1812 or in the replaced by a local official from Surakarta beginning of 1813 (Soedarmadji, 1981: 3; 1982: Sunanate known as Tumenggung Kemong. In 43; 1991: 46). The Babad works emphasized that babad works, the name Tumenggung Kemong there was a three years vacuum between the derived from the Tumenggung habit of calling his dismissal with the division of Banyumas (palihan subordinates by sounding bende (a little gong). Banyumas). Banyumas division took place in Tumenggung kemong, whose real name was Mulud, Dal Year of 1743 (a sengkalan, i.e. Tumenggung Toyakusuma, served as Banyumas Javanese way to remember year, sounding mantri Regent for 8 years (1780-1788). papat resi nabi) according to Babad Pasir text or Tumenggung Toyakusuma also suffered the Javanese Year of 1743 according to the text of same fate with his predecessor. He was dismissed Tedhakan Serat Babad Banyumas (Knebel, 1900 and replaced by Tumenggung Yudanegara IV‘s & 1901). Dal Year of 1743 was converted into son whose title was Tumenggung Yudanegara V February 1816. In Banyumas history, there are five (1788-1813). This 12th Banyumas Regent served regents using Yudanegara title. Yudanegara IV for 28 years, entering British colonial period in and V were dismissed by the king. Yudanegara I . Most of babad works connected this was executed by the king so that he was called Banyumas Regent with the presence of Stanmford Tumenggung Kokum. He was executed in a Raffles, especially with the dismissal of mosque in Todan Surakarta so that he was also Tumenggung Yudanegara V. notorious as Tumenggung Seda Masjid or Governor General Raffles became a local story Tumenggung Todan. Yudanegara II was also that he did visits through Banyumas. Another story executed, but before the execution, he had died of was that there was rumour stating that Yudanegara fear in the hall. Therefore, his posthumous V asked Raffles to appoint him to be a in name was Tumenggung Seda Pendapa. Another Banyumas. Moreover, Raffles then complained version, Yudanegara II died of suicide. He drank

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overdose sleeping pills in the hall because he had Mertadireja I was replaced by Raden Ngabehi already known that he would get the King‘s Kertadireja in Sokaraja. Each of them was under punishment. Yudanegara III was the only the coordination of their father. Purwokerto and Banyumas Regent using Yudanegara title who did Sokaraja formerly were the division territory of not have bad luck, either by getting dismissal or Pasir Kertawibawa. even death penalty. Yudanegara III even had a The fragmentation toward the potentially very good luck because he was chosen and revolt area made Panjer and Banjarnegara were appointed to be pepatih dalem of Yogyakarta also divided into two. The two officers in Panjer, Sultanate. either Reksapraja or Suradireja, came from the The dismissal of Yudanegara V had an central kingdom. The ancestor of Suradireja was effect on Banyumas division into two wedana Arung Binang I, the Regent of Sewu Numbak districts, i.e. Kasepuhan and Kanoman. The Anyar in Surakarta coming from Kebumen. It was division was similar with the Giyanti 1755 which allegedly that Suradireja was the son of Arung had divided Mataram into Surakarta Sunanate and Binang II (Priyadi, 2004a: 65). Suradireja‘s Yogyakarta Sultanate. The experience of Surakarta position as the son-in-law of Raden Tumenggung Sunanate dealing with the colonialists was Mertadireja I made his position stronger in some implemented in Banyumas because there was a parts of Panjer. Mertadireja I was also the son-in- tendency that Banyumas was growing stronger. law of Wangsanegara V and Wangsanegara Sugih, Furthermore, Yudanegara III‘s position as pepatih who also came from Kalijirek, Kebumen (Priyadi, dalem of Yogyakarta Sultanate either directly or 2004a: 85). indirectly influenced the political behaviour of Meanwhile, the two officers in Banyumas Regent. Banjarnegara came from Banyumas descendants. The first officer was Raden Ngabehi Ranudireja. The two successors of Yudanegara III were He was the son of Raden Tumenggung more inclined to Yogyakarta so that they were Yudanegara IV or the brother-in-law of dismissed. The next successors were two people Cakrawedana I. The second officer was with wedana bupati (the regent‘s assistant) Mangunyuda III, a non-problematic local officer, position, i.e. Kasepuhan and Kanoman. which respectively were Banyak Widhe, Kasepuhan officers came from the central Mangunyuda I (Mangunyuda Seda Loji), kingdom, meanwhile Kanoman officers came from Mangunyuda II (Mangunyuda Mukti), and Banyumas descendants, i.e. Yudanegara III‘s other Mangunyuda III (Mangunbroto). At a later time, grandchildren. The Palihan of Banyumas was Mangunyuda III was replaced by Mangunsubroto. basically divide et impera politics imitated by The five officers were well-known as the officers Susuhunan Paku Buwana IV (1788-1820) against in Banjar Watu Lembu (Banjar Selo Lembu). Mataram split by colonialist (VOC). The dismissal The same non-problematic thing was also of Yudanegara IV did not make the successors occurred in Purbalingga under the rule of deterrent. They more eagerly seemed to be Kanoman so that Dipakusuma I‘s position is independent from Surakarta Sunanate. In fact, maintained in Purbalingga because he was the son Yudanegara V did not directly become the of Dipayuda III, Ngabehi of Purbalingga. The successor of his father because his father was problem was that the descendants of Pamerden replaced by Tumenggung Toyakusuma. After Ngabehi (Dipayuda I) i.e. Dipayuda IV felt a Toyakusuma did not take care of Banyumas, he phsycological connection with Purbalingga was also dismissed. Yudanegara V was appointed because Pamerden was the forerunner of to replace Toyakusuma. The effect of Yudanegara Purbalingga. Dipayuda IV was placed in Adireja, V‘s dismisal made no one of his descendant under the rule of Kasepuhan, with the same becomes Banyumas Regent. In other words, position with Dipakusuma I. Kasepuhan had one Yudanegara V‘s descendants were eliminated from more subordinate, i.e. Raden Ngabehi Kertapraja the circle of power or they became common in Adipala. Kertapraja was the son of Donan people. Ngabehi, Kertarana. He was dismissed for not Kasepuhan and Kanoman as wedana bupati sending tribute to Surakarta Sunanate. For were the coordinator of the subordinate anom strengthening Cakrawedana I‘s position, regents. The two were ngabehi former officers of Kertapraja‘s position was occupied by his son, i.e. Pasir Kertawibawa which was also split into two Raden Cakrayuda. However, Adipala was erased after Ngabehi Natawijaya was dismissed. They and grouped with Adireja so that from the five were placed in Purwokerto and Sokaraja. After subordinate anom regents, it became four becoming wedana bupati Kasepuhan, Kasepuhan subordinate anom regents. Adireja and Cakrawedana was replaced by Raden Ngabehi Adipala traditionally were under the rule of Cakradireja in Purwokerto. Meanwhile,

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Banyumas District which then became Cilacap Kencana II or Kangjeng Ratu Beruk. Ratu merged with Majenang. Kencana II, whose teenage name was Rara Handiyah, was the mother of Susuhunan Paku Table 1 Kesepuhan and Kanoman Mayor Buwana IV. Raden Tumenggung Apanji KASEPUHAN KANOMAN Cakranegara later became a patih in Surakarta MAYOR MAYOR Sunanate under the name Raden Adipati Raden Tumenggung Raden Tumenggung Cakranegara. This patih position would be Cakrawedana I Mertadireja I occupied by his fourth child. Cakrawedana 1. Adireja 1. Purbalingga historical text mentioned that Cakrawedana I was Tumenggung Tumenggung the 13th descendant of Sultan Demak (1480-1518), Kliwon Dipayuda Kliwon Raden Patah, or the 14th descendant of Brawijaya IV Dipakusuma I V. The lineage below illustrated the origins of 2. Adipala wedana bupati Kasepuhan of Banyumas (1816- Raden Ngabehi 1830). Cakrawedana I was the seventh child of Kertapraja eight children. His brother named Raden Adipati Replaced by Raden Cakranegara became patih in Surakarta Sunanate Cakrayuda (the son (1810-1812). From the lineage of Cakrawedana, of Raden wedana bupati Kasepuhan’s official belonged to Tumenggung the King‘s close relatives. Cakrawedana I was the Cakrawedana I). cousin of Paku Buwana IV. Adipala was erased and merged with Table 2 The Lineage Of Mertadireja I Adireja THE LINEAGE OF MERTADIREJA I 3. Purwokerto 2. Sokaraja 1. Raden Tumenggung Raden Ngabehi Raden Ngabehi Yudanegara III Cakradireja (the son Kertadireja 2. Mertawijaya Kedungrandu of Raden (Sumadireja, the 3. Raden Ngabehi =Raden Ngabehi Tumenggung son of Raden Atmasupana Martasupana, mantri Cakrawedana I) Tumenggung anom Mertadireja I) Raden Rangga bupati anom in Kace 4. Panjer 3. Panjer Bratadimeja Raden Ngabehi Raden Ngabehi Raden Tumenggung Wedana Bupati Reksapraja (the son Suradireja (the son Mertadireja I Kanoman of Kartanagara , the of Raden Source: Brotodiredjo & Ngatidjo Regent of Nayaka Tumenggung Darmosuwondo, 1969: 48-49; in Surakarta) Arung Binang II in Oemarmadi & Koesnadi Surakarta and the Poerbosewojo. 1964: 26. son-in0law of Raden The officer of wedana bupati Kanoman was Tumenggung Mertadireja I. Mertadireja I was the grandson of Mertadireja I) Tumenggung Yudanegara III, pepatih dalem of 5. Banjarnegara 4. Banjarnegara Yogyakarta Sultanate. His father was Mertawijaya, Raden Ngabehi Raden Ngabehi the Ngabehi Singosari officer in Kedungrandu. Ranudireja (the son Mangunyuda III When delivering tribute to Surakarta Sunanate, of Raden Ngabehi Mertawijaya boarded a boat in Bengawan Tumenggung Solo. Mertawijaya was unfortunate because his Yudanegara IV) boat was overturned. This incident caused his Tumenggung Kliwon=bupati anom death. His body was buried in Dawuhan cemetery. Sources: Brotodiredjo & Ngatidjo Babad works mentioned that the eldest son of Darmosuwondo, 1969: 63-65 & 67-68; Priyadi, Mertawijaya became santri (someone who studies 2004b: 158. religious science, usually in an Islamic boardinghouse) in Krakal, Kebumen. He was taken Cakrawedana I was the officer who came to be the son-in-law by Wangsanegara V or from Surakarta Sunanate. His father was Raden Wangsanegara Sugih from Kalijirek. As an intern Tumenggung Apanji Cakranegara, Panumping in Surakarta , he was appointed to be a Regent official. Cakranegara was the relative of mantri anom (a nobleman in Keraton) entitled Susuhunan Paku Buwana III‘s empress, Ratu Raden Ngabehi Atmasupana or Ngabehi Martasupana. Then, Atmasupana was appointed as

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bupati anom in Kace (Sokaraja) entitled Raden Priyadi, Sugeng. 2008. ―Sejarah Kota Purwokerto,‖ Rangga Bratadimeja and also as the half of Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, Volume 9, No. 1, ngabehi Pasir officer namely Raden Rangga Februari. Surakarta: Lembaga Penelitian, Mertadireja I, adjacent to Cakrawedana I. After Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Yudanegara V was dismissed, Mertadireja I was Priyadi, Sugeng. 2009. Sejarah Mentalitas Brebes. appointed as wedana bupati Kanoman because he Yogyakarta: Ombak. was the younger cousin of Cakrawedana I‘s first Priyadi, Sugeng. 2010. ‖Dinamika Sosial Budaya wive, i.e. Mas Ajeng Banyumas (the daughter of Banyumas dalam Babad Banyumas Versi Mas Ayu Pacinangan and Yudanegara IV) Wirjaatmadjan: Suntingan Teks dan (Priyadi, 2008: 113-114). The existence of Terjemahan.‖ Disertasi. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Banyumas within the existence of Kasepuhan and Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Kanoman had triggered the . Priyadi, Sugeng. 2015. Menuju Keemasan Banyumas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. C. Conclusion Soedarmadji. 1981. ―Kabupaten Banyumas,‖ Buku The result of the material development have some Peringatan Sadranan, edisi 11 Ruwah 1913 impact to the student such as: atau 14 Juni 1981. Purwokerto: Yayasan 1. The learning resource have information that Pesarean Dawuhan. are pitched at the student‘s skill level and be Soedarmadji. 1982. ―Raden Adipati Cakrawedana I presented in a sequence that will assist Bupati Banyumas XIII, 1816-1830,‖ Buku learning. Peringatan Sadranan, edisi 14 Ruwah 1914 2. The learning resource assist atau 6 Juni 1982. Purwokerto: Yayasan the student to self-assess and to become a Pesarean Dawuhan. self-directed learner. Soedarmadji. 1991. ―Kangjeng Kalibogor,‖ Buku 3. The learning resource assist the student to Peringatan Sadranan, edisi 23 Ruwah 1923 become critically literate atau 10 Maret 1991. Purwokerto: Yayasan . Pesarean Dawuhan. Soeratman, Darsiti. 1989. Kehidupan Dunia Kraton REFERENCES Surakarta 1830-1939. Yogyakarta: Taman Siswa. Brotodiredjo, R. M. S. dan Ngatidjo Darmosuwondo. Te Poutama Painga. 2017.Creating Learning Resources 1969. Inti Silsilah dan Sedjarah Banjumas. In-House – Checklist Qua lity Assurance Bogor: tanpa penerbit. Standards of Literacy Aotearoa. Rerieved from: Hannigan, Tim. 2016. Raffles dan Invasi Inggris di http://www.literacy.org.nz/sites/default/files/doc Jawa. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia uments/Tutor- (KPG). resources/CreatingLearningResources.pdf Knebel, J. 1900. ―Babad Pasir, Volgens een Banjoemaasch Handschrift met vertaling,‖ Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootshap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, deel LI: 1-155. Knebel, J. 1901. ―Babad Banjoemas, Volgens een Banjoemaasch Handshrift beschreven,‖ Tijdschrift van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, deel XLIII: 397-443. Oemarmadi & Koesnadi Poerbosewojo. 1964. Babad Banjumas. Djakarta: Amin Sujitno Djojosudarmo. Priyadi, Sugeng. 2004a. Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Kebumen. Yogyakarta: Jendela. Priyadi, Sugeng. 2004b. ―Pemekaran Banyumas dalam Perspektif Sejarah,‖ Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, Volume 5, No. 2, Agustus. Surakarta: Lembaga Penelitian, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Priyadi, Sugeng. 2007. Sejarah Intelektual Banyumas. Yogyakarta: Aksara Indonesia.

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