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Warsaw Strategy for Low Emision Bus Transport Technical Operational Challenges and Lessons Learned

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Warsaw Strategy for Low Emision Bus Transport Technical Operational Challenges and Lessons Learned Warsaw strategy for low emision bus transport Technical operational challenges and lessons learned Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe Sp. z o.o. București, 24th April 2018 MZA Warszawa (City Bus Company) One of the biggest public transport operator in the region Bus fleet: 1 360 buses Employed drivers: over 3 500 passengers carried: every day ca. 1 200 000 Driven: over 88 000 000vkm/year Yesterday Join, Cooperative, Integrated Actions = Optimised and Efficient Low Emision Bus Transport 4 MZA Bus Fleet according to Euro Exhaust Emision Standard Over 81,6 % engines with Euro IV or higher Standard (inc. Hybrids, LNG and Electric) 5 THE LATEST ACQUISITIONS OF THE MZA BUS FLEET Common - Diesel Engines: • Solaris U18 145, Euro 6, From 2014, 2015, 2016 • Mercedes–Benz Conecto 80 Euro 6, From 2017/18 Hybrid Buses: • Solaris Hybrid 18m 4, From 2011 Buses Powered by alternative fuels: • Solbus SM18LC 35 of 18m powered by LNG from 2015 • Solaris U12E 10 elctric buses from June 2015 • URSUS CS2 10 electric buses from September 2017 • Solaris U18E 1 electric bus from October 2017 • SolarisU12E 10 electric buses - technical acceptance in progress • 80 CNG Buses the tender procedure in progress 6 Diesel Engines With Euro 6 Norm Mercedes–Benz Conecto – 80 from. 2017/2018 Solaris U18 – 25 from 2014, 60 from 2015, 60 from 2016 • FotoVoltaic Panels fabric mounted • Energy Recovery System • Less fuel consumption - 7-11% for 12m, 4 – 9% for 18m compared with earlier editions of vehiculs • Less polution from Exhaust system (SRC) 7 Solaris U18 Hybrid • 4 operating in MZA from December 2011 • Profitable on very dificult lines, (lot of pasangers, slow motion) – 10-23% less fuel consumption according to the condisions. • Drive Module EvDrive from Allison: gearbox with two electric engines. • Batteries: NiMH 8 Solbus SM18LC • 35 Buses Powered by LNG fuel • Operating from 3 years • Common technology in North America and in China • The main advantage of this technology is fueling time, nearing to diesel fueling. • Lighter than CNG • Less Capacity of tank instalation then CNG ones. • Less Energy to produce fuel needed to LNG than CNG (it has to be compressed) according to refueling. 9 Electric Buses in MZA 10 Solaris Urbino 12 Electric Central engine manufactured by TSA, type TMF-35-28-4 Rated voltage 460 V Power nom160/max170 kW Torque 903/1341 Nm Traction batteries by IMPACT Energy 208 kWh. Current mileage ranges from 90 000 km to 115 000 km Average Energy consumption (EE) per traction 1,03 kW/km: - Summer, temp. 18 do 36oC, 1,26 kW/km (EE), incl. air-condition 0,23 kW/km (EE) - Winter, temp. (-5) do (-16)oC, 2,99kW/km (EE+ON), incl. heating 1,74kW/km (Diesel) Ursus CS2 „City Smile” Central engine: - Producer TM4 - Power: 175nom/250max kW - Torgue: 1600/3400Nm Energy NMC traction batteries: 200 kWh. Heat pump - Passenger space heating Current mileage from 13 000 km to 16 000 km Average Energy consumption 1,0342 kWh/km, Winter Energy Consumption c.a.1,35 kWh/km 14 Solaris Urbino 18 Electric 2 Engines 2x60/ 125 kW in the drive axle ZF AVE130 NMC Battery power 300 kWh Charging – socket plug-in and Schunk pantograph. Articulated electric bus Solaris Urbino 18 Electric for testing in Warsaw (3 years) Solaris Urbino 18 Electric There is a new touch-sensitive control panel to program functionality for the individual needs of customer. Solaris U12E – 2018 (Technical Acceptace In Progerss) • Central Engine manufactured by TSA, type TMF-35-28-4 • Rated voltage 686,4 V • Power nom160/max 170 kW • Torque 803/1341 Nm • Traction batteries by Solaris ESS01 208 kWh • 8 with HighEnergy Batteries • 1 with HighPower Battery with special cooling system • 1 with SiC Inverter (new technology) • In 1 of those 1 battey pack will be changed with supercapacitor (Recuperation System). 15 The MZA’s plans for electrification of the bus fleet in years 2015 -2020 Length Year Percentage Total amount of 12 m 18 m electric buses 2015 10 10 0,7% 2017 21 20 1 1,5% 2018 32 30 2 2,4% 2019 102 30 72 7,5% 2020 162 30 132 11,9% The MZA’s plans for modernisation of the bus fleet Buses that MZA is interested in: • Electric • LNG & CNG • Hybrids • Fuel Cells NO MORE COMMON DIESEL ENGINES 17 FotoVoltaic Panels – on 245 Buses and On Roof of „Woronicza” Depot 18 Modern components to electric vehicles There are new compotents dedicated to electric and hybrid buses on market nowdays: • Full-vehicle climatisations with heat pomp, with the possibility of smooth regulation of the motor speed using the inverter, with a compressor attached to the structure of the device, with factory made hermetic connections, operating on other refrigerants than R134a (with characteristics that are more suitable for the heat pump). • Hybrid heating units using two energy sources - diesel oil and electricity 19 Managing the charging process intelligent bus and charger The city bus Diesel, CNG, LNG has a supply of energy for the whole day of operation; an electric bus requires ongoing supervision over the energy supply and continuous replenishment. Necessary operational knowledge to manage the charging process - charger failures, power failures, delays in traffic, current possible range of buses, discontinuation of mandatory charging by the driver, Information for the driver about SOC, range, need of charging, expected charging time • Information necessary for the financial settlement of the electricity consumed • Statistical information, reports on, for example, energy consumption, specific energy consumption, energy distribution for air conditioning, heating, energy recuperation from braking, mileage, failures, charging • On-line information about bus and charger faults, remote diagnosis • On-line information about the loading process • GPS bus position • Identification of the vehicle, chargers 20 Stationary chargers by Ekoenergetyka in Depot At the "Woronicza" Depot there are fixed chargers for Solaris and for URSUS buses (Contract for 10 for each type). Dual function charger: • Charging power 120/40 kW • Full charging time 2 hours (by 120 kW) Basic charger: • Charging power 40 kW • Full charging time 5 hours Solaris Urbino 12 Electric - pantograf SCHUNK SMART CHARGING pantograph mounted by the manufacturer on 10 electric buses Solaris U12E. The vehicle was fitted with devices by the factory. Charger and the pantograph charging point Ekoenergetyka’s position installed on the Spartańska terminus, where are lines 222 i 168 operating. Solaris Urbino 12 Electric – loading process The station is used for (quick charging) fast energy replenishment in busses. It is possible to load the bus after every course. About 10 min. increases the baterry charge 11 -12%. Power of the charger 200 kWh Available for MZA the web application by Ekoenergetyka Example of pantograph display - online access Pantograph charging point for URSUS CS2 (in realisation) Docking Station And Pantograph Power Collector Device: Ride&Charge RC10 produced by EC ENGINEERING 27 The planned lines of electric buses after 2020 Power Energy Terminus Line kW MWh/DP Bielańska 222 0 0,0 Browarna 105 400 3,0 Chomiczówka 116, 180 2 x 400 6,4 Dw. Centralny 518 400 2,5 Esperanto 111 400 2,0 Gocław 111 400 2,0 Konwiktorska 503, 178 400 + 200 4,6 Lotnisko Chopina 175 400 1,3 Młynów 102 200 0,9 Natolin PŁN 503 400 2,7 Nowe Bemowo E-2 400 1,9 Nowodwory 518 400 2,5 Os. Górczewska 105 400 3,0 PKP Olszynka 102 200 Grochowska 0,9 PKP Ursus 178 200 1,3 Pl. Piłsudskiego 128, 175 2 x 400 3,2 Spartańska 222 200 1,7 Electricity demand [MWh] in Szczęśliwice 128 0 0,0 the city on weekdays Wilanów 116, 180, E-2 3 x 400 8,3 Total Energy on weekday 48,2 The planned lines of electric buses after 2020 -1 Bus stops at the Terminus where pantograph charging points are anticipated Data from the application Sample data on pantograph charging during weekly operation of Solaris Urbino 12 Electric buses on line 222 CONCLUSIONS FROM OPERATION -1 The first years of operation result from: It is possible to operate electric buses without changing timetables (properly designing technical and operational solutions). • Possible replacement 1: 1 diesel to electric bus. • For Warsaw conditions, currently the most advantageous solution is a bus with "high power" batteries with a suitably designed capacity with energy supplementation at the ends by a pantograph charging system. • Possible current energy refilling at the ends - under normal conditions, the bus leaves the end of the line with the battery at 80% charge. • It is possible to achieve a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 35- 40% for traction (WTW methodology), even for the production of electricity in Poland came from coal. 31/21 CONCLUSIONS FROM OPERATION - 2 The first years of operation result from: • EE consumption per traction: bus summer conditions 12 m: 103 kWh / 100 km (SORT-1 line) - low temperature (-10 / -15 ° C); 125 kWh / 100 km (LFP / NMC batteries without heating) • Consumption of EE for air conditioning approx. 25% of consumption per traction, means 25 kWh / 100 km (for the SORT1 line, the temperature above +30 ° C). • Energy consumption for heating about 150% of consumption per traction around 170 kWh / 100 km (for the SORT1 line, temp. -10 / -15oC). • Reduction of Diesel consumption for heating in Ursus electric buses (air conditioning heat pump only for passenger space) approx. 20-25% compared to Solaris buses in the heating season 2017/2018. 32/21 CONCLUSIONS FROM OPERATION - 3 Recommendations for completing the bus: • In low winter temperatures below -5˚C in Central-European climate, a heating unit powered by fuel (ON / CNG) is necessary for heating the bus. • It is possible to heat the bus using a heat pump under the conditions of autumn and spring and a light winter.
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