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Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 1: Introduction City of Glendale, California City of Glendale Hazard Mitigati on Plan 2018 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents City of Glendale, California Table of Contents SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1-1 Introduction 1-2 Why Develop a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan? 1-3 Who is covered by the Mitigation Plan? 1-3 Natural Hazard Land Use Policy in California 1-4 Support for Hazard Mitigation 1-6 Plan Methodology 1-6 Input from the Steering Committee 1-7 Stakeholder Interviews 1-7 State and Federal Guidelines and Requirements for Mitigation Plans 1-8 Hazard Specific Research 1-9 Public Workshops 1-9 How is the Plan Used? 1-9 Volume I: Mitigation Action Plan 1-10 Volume II: Hazard Specific Information 1-11 Volume III: Resources 1-12 SECTION 2: COMMUNITY PROFILE 2-1 Why Plan for Natural and Manmade Hazards in the City of Glendale? 2-2 History of Glendale 2-2 Geography and the Environment 2-3 Major Rivers 2-5 Climate 2-6 Rocks and Soil 2-6 Other Significant Geologic Features 2-7 Population and Demographics 2-10 Land and Development 2-13 Housing and Community Development 2-14 Employment and Industry 2-16 Transportation and Commuting Patterns 2-17 Extensive Transportation Network 2-18 SECTION 3: RISK ASSESSMENT 3-1 What is a Risk Assessment? 3-2 2018 i Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents City of Glendale, California Federal Requirements for Risk Assessment 3-7 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure 3-8 Summary 3-9 SECTION 4: MULTI-HAZARD GOALS AND ACTION ITEMS 4-1 Mission 4-2 Goals 4-2 Action Items 4-2 Mitigation Plan Goals and Public Participation 4-2 Hazard Mitigation Plan Action Items 4-4 Multi-Hazard Action Items 4-5 SECTION 5: PLAN MAINTENANCE 5-11 Monitoring and Implementing the Plan 5-12 Implementation through Existing Programs 5-13 Evaluating and Updating the Plan 5-15 SECTION 6: EARTHQUAKES 6-1 Why Are Earthquakes a Threat to the City of Glendale? 6-2 Earthquake Hazard Assessment 6-20 Existing Mitigation Activities 6-81 Earthquake Mitigation Action Items 6-85 Earthquake Resource Directory 6-90 SECTION 7: WILDFIRES 7-1 Why are Wildfires a Threat to Glendale? 7-2 Community Wildfire Issues 7-22 Wildfire Mitigation Action Items 7-43 Wildfire Resource Directory 7-49 SECTION 8: FLOODS 8-1 Why are Floods a Threat to the City of Glendale? 8-2 Hazard Assessment 8-26 Community Flood Issues: 8-31 Flood Mitigation Action Items 8-39 Flood Resource Directory 8-43 SECTION 9: LANDSLIDES 9-1 Why are Landslides a Threat to City of Glendale? 9-3 2018 ii Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents City of Glendale, California Landslide Hazard Assessment 9-13 Community Landslide Issues 9-17 Landslide Resource Directory 9-23 SECTION 10: MAN-MADE HAZARDS 10-1 Why Are Man-Made Hazards A Threat to The City of Glendale? 10-2 Hazardous Materials 10-2 Off-Site Hazardous Materials Characteristics in Glendale 10-4 Historical Incidents of Hazardous Materials Release 10-4 Vulnerability and Risk 10-4 Hazardous Materials Incident Response 10-5 Incident Receipt 10-5 Type Code 10-5 Dispatch Operations 10-6 Terrorism & Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) 10-7 Terrorist Target Characteristics 10-7 Hazard Analysis 10-7 Terrorist Incident Response 10-8 Major Accident Response 10-9 Man-Made Hazard Mitigation Action Items 10-13 Resources 10-16 SECTION 11: PANDEMIC 11-1 Introduction 11-2 Pandemic Influenza Guidelines for Ems Providers 11-4 Risk Analysis 11-9 Research Needs 11-9 Pandemic Mitigation Action Items 11-9 Pandemic Influenza Planning 11-10 Publications 11-12 2018 iii Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 1: Introduction City of Glendale, California SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION Table of Contents Introduction 1-2 Why Develop a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan? 1-3 Who is covered by the Mitigation Plan? 1-3 Natural Hazard Land Use Policy in California 1-4 Support for Hazard Mitigation 1-6 Plan Methodology 1-6 Input from the Steering Committee 1-7 Stakeholder Interviews 1-7 State and Federal Guidelines and Requirements for Mitigation Plans 1-8 Hazard Specific Research 1-9 Public Workshops 1-9 How is the Plan Used? 1-9 Volume I: Mitigation Action Plan 1-10 Volume II: Hazard Specific Information 1-11 Volume III: Resources 1-12 2018 1-1 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 1: Introduction City of Glendale, California Introduction Throughout history, the residents of Southern California, including the City of Glendale, have experienced and dealt with a variety of natural hazards common to the area. While the residents of this area did not have access to the same technology to monitor and document the various hazards they faced in the 1700s and 1800s, we do have documentation that shows their effects. The survivors often recorded their impressions in journals, letters, newspaper articles, and toward the end of nineteenth century, in photographs. In the 1900s, people began to not only document these hazards, but also to study and modify the natural environment to reduce the impact of these natural hazards on the local population and the environment. These studies were also often documented in scientific journals. Many of these sources are referred to in the following chapters in an effort to document the area’s past vulnerability to specific natural hazards, and to assess the area’s potential future risks. This is especially important because as the population of Southern California increases, natural hazards have the potential to pose an even higher risk to the population and the economic welfare of the area. People originally from all over the United States and the world now call the City of Glendale home because of its gentle Mediterranean climate and its geographical attributes (the ocean and mountains are both within a one- to two-hour drive). However, the area’s terrain is the product of powerfully active natural forces forming and tearing down mountains at remarkable rates by geological standards. When humans interact with this changing environment, there is an increased possibility for the population to be negatively impacted. Thus, a natural event, such as an earthquake, clearly has the potential to cause significant damage at personal, local, and regional levels. In this document, we discuss scenarios that estimate how much damage (in terms of loss of life, injuries, and economic loss) an earthquake could cause in Glendale. In addition to earthquakes, the City of Glendale, like most of the region, is also subject to wildfires, floods, landslides and debris flows, windstorms, tornadoes, and other geological hazards. The historical record and our current state of knowledge indicate that those hazards with the potential to cause the most damage in Glendale, listed in order of decreasing 2018 1-2 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 1: Introduction City of Glendale, California severity, include earthquakes, wildfires, floods, and landslides. These are the four natural hazards that are covered in most detail in this document, given that it is possible to minimize the losses that result from these hazards through careful planning and community participation in the implementation of natural hazard reduction measures. Why Develop a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan? As the costs of damage from natural disasters continue to increase, communities realize the importance of identifying effective ways to reduce their vulnerability to disasters. Hazard mitigation plans assist communities in doing so by identifying resources, information, and strategies for risk reduction, while guiding and coordinating mitigation activities throughout the area. This document aims to do just that for the city of Glendale, California. The Plan provides a set of action items that, if implemented, can help reduce the risk from hazards through education and outreach programs, the development of partnerships, and the implementation of preventive activities (such as land use programs) that restrict and control development in areas subject to damage from natural hazards. The resources and information contained within the Mitigation Plan: • Establish a basis for coordination and collaboration among agencies and the public in the City of Glendale; • Identify and prioritize future mitigation projects; and • Assist in meeting the requirements of federal assistance programs. The Local Hazard Mitigation Plan works in conjunction with other City plans, including the City’s Safety Element of the General Plan and the City’s Emergency Operations Plans. Who is covered by the Mitigation Plan? Glendale’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan covers the population that lives and works within the city’s official boundaries (see Map 1-1 below). This Plan provides a framework to plan for the four main natural hazards that pose the greatest risk to the Glendale area, as well as some man-made hazards. The resources and background information in the Plan are applicable city-wide, and the goals and recommendations can lay the groundwork for local mitigation plans and partnerships. 2018 1-3 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 1: Introduction City of Glendale, California Natural Hazard Land Use Policy in California Planning for natural hazards should be an integral element of any city’s land use planning program. All California cities and counties are required to have a Safety Elements section in their General Plan that documents the natural hazards specific to the area and provides the framework by which ordinances should reduce these hazards1. However, Safety Elements are typically updated only once every 15 to 25 years and are often superseded by other local and statewide planning regulations. While Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) requirements are similar to municipal Safety Elements, FEMA requires state, tribal, and local governments to develop and adopt hazard mitigation plans as a condition for receiving certain types of non-emergency disaster assistance, including funding for mitigation projects.

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