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The Tectonic Uplift Since the Late Cretaceous and Its Impact on the Preservation of Hydrocarbon in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China

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The Tectonic Uplift Since the Late Cretaceous and Its Impact on the Preservation of Hydrocarbon in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China J Petrol Explor Prod Technol DOI 10.1007/s13202-016-0305-z ORIGINAL PAPER - EXPLORATION GEOLOGY The tectonic uplift since the Late Cretaceous and its impact on the preservation of hydrocarbon in southeastern Sichuan Basin, China 1,2 1,3 1 4 Huaiqing Liu • Yong Tang • Kongquan Chen • Wenjun Tang Received: 8 October 2016 / Accepted: 27 November 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Tectonic uplift is the most direct manifestation maximally achieve 3813 m. Denudation quantity from of tectonic activity, and tectonic deformation strength can Sichuan Basin to Qiyushang is gradually increased, and be quantitatively shown through uplift height and speed. In region with greater erosion thickness is above 2800 m. this study, balanced rebound and oxygen isotope method Since the Late Cretaceous, southeastern Sichuan stratum are adopted to calculate maximum paleoelevation of stra- uplift makes oil and gas in Dingshan block gradually dis- tum uplift of southeastern area of Sichuan Basin since Late sipate. Also, overlying rock unloading results in fault Cretaceous due to tectonic activities. And based on current development, early fault activation, and expansion, which surface elevation of the target area, stratum erosion thick- further exacerbates destroy of oil and gas reservoir in ness of southeastern Sichuan during this period is calcu- Dingshan block of southeastern Sichuan, China. lated, thereby providing technical support for evaluation of the regional oil and gas exploration. Studies have shown Keywords Tectonic uplift Á Paleoelevation Á Erosion Á that maximum paleoelevation of southeastern Sichuan Southeastern Sichuan Basin Á Oil and gas uplift is gradually increased from NW to SE, which can The original version of this article was revised: Some of the Introduction affiliations were incorrectly indicated. Also the sequence has been changed. Moreover, throughout the article ‘‘Qiyueshan’’ has been corrected to ‘‘Qiyushang’’. Construction and denudation, which mutually influence mountains and basins, are classic research topics in earth & Yong Tang science. The current study suggests two aspects: On the one [email protected] hand, the construction is achieved by shortening in the Huaiqing Liu horizontal direction, which leads to thicker rock, crust [email protected] floating, and Earth’s surface uplift (Green. 1986; Metiver Kongquan Chen and Gaudenmer 1997; Yuan et al. 2011; Zhao et al. 2013); on [email protected] the other hand, erosion causes the release of the overlying Wenjun Tang load, which then leads to isostatic rebound and an uplifting [email protected] point elevation above the peripheral edge of the area and thus to a great difference in the ancient topography and landscape 1 Hubei Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China (Willett and Brandon 2002; Garzione et al. 2004; Stern et al. 2005; Munt et al. 2010). In fact, isostatic rebound and ero- 2 Wuhan Center of Geological Survey, CGS, Wuhan 430205, Hubei, China sion adjust the material balance. In other words, the denudation will cause readjustment of the entire material 3 Key Laboratory of Tectonics & Petroleum Resource of the Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, balance, stress field, and overburden pressure equalization Wuhan 430074, China (Ye et al. 2000; Huang et al. 2012). The oil and natural gas 4 Cainan Operation District of Xinjiang Oilfield Company occurrence in the sedimentary layer and enrichment region CNPC, Fukang 831511, China will change accordingly during the adjustment process. 123 J Petrol Explor Prod Technol Research on the recovery of the denudation quantity and the After the Yanshan–Himalayan structure transformation, the quantitative recovery of paleoaltimetry plays an important anticline core of the southeastern Sichuan Basin (southern role in guiding the adjustment analysis of oil–gas migration Sichuan low steep fold belt) generally appears in the lower and the evaluation of storage conditions. Triassic, and the syncline core occurs in the middle and upper Jurassic Shaximiao and Penglaizhen formations, while the anticline core of the edge of the Sichuan Basin of Geological setting the southeastern region (Sichuan, Guizhou hedge transition zone) generally occurs in the Ordovician, and the syncline The Sichuan Basin and the periphery have undergone several core appears in the lower Triassic–Silurian (Fig. 1). tectonic activities since the Late Cretaceous, causing the uplift and denudation of sedimentary rocks. As a result, the sediment thickness and terrain elevation of each stage differ Method greatly from the current remaining thickness and elevation (Fu et al. 2008). The uplift and denudation cause changes in Equilibrium model recovery method underground energy fields, especially the temperature and pressure fields, resulting in oil and gas remigration and To study the lithosphere flexural strength, the theory readjustment, which are important for the control of the response and cross-correlation functions are calculated current distribution of oil and gas reservoirs. Rebuilding the based on the lithosphere model of the sheet flexure, the elevation evolution history and the uplift of the terrain unit response function and cross correlation functions are will promote the understanding of oil–gas migration and explained in the actual calculation, and the flexural strength accumulation. The accurate portraying of the paleoaltimetry of the lithosphere is then determined. The lithosphere evolution of southeastern Sichuan since the Late Cretaceous model of the sheet flexure considers the flexural deflection using quantitative methods provides a strong reference for of the elastic sheet (corresponding to lithosphere) on non- the oil and gas exploration and development in southeastern viscous, incompressible fluid (corresponding to astheno- Sichuan. The paleoaltimetry of southeastern Sichuan will be sphere) with topographic load. The so-called sheet refers to restored with oxygen isotope and isostatic rebound methods, the vertical displacement with a flexural wavelength much the denudation quantity of southeastern Sichuan will be larger than the plate thickness and deflection. The flexing calculated, and the impact of the denudation quantity on the stress of the spherical shell of the spherical Earth consists oil and gas reservoir transformation of the Dingshan block in of bending stress and film stress. It is reasonable to study southeastern Sichuan will be discussed. the lithosphere using a plane elastic sheet model when the The depression fold belt of southeastern Sichuan is wavelength of the load is smaller than the Earth’s radius located in the high steep structure belt of eastern Sichuan and and larger than the plate thickness (Daniel and Juan 2015). the even lower structure belt of southern Sichuan of the The method proposes a period of the simple basin of Sichuan Basin, which develops a series of high steep anti- beginning development of maximum sedimentary fill, but it cline structures in the north-northeast direction. The south- requires the following conditions: (1) a determined time eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin is located in the transfer and a stratigraphic basin section with sufficient thickness and conversion parts of the Tethys–Himalayan tectonic are required; (2) the volume of overall sediment erosion domain and the marginal–pacific tectonic domain, with late from the basin needs to be limited; and (3) for equal Cenozoic tectonic movement characteristics such as the deflection of the rock thickness in the area, the set of data is north–south Nanchuan–Zunyi structure, northeast mulberry obtained from previous studies. The method mainly reflects field structure, main east–west Chishui structure, and the denudation quantity by restoring the vertical basin northwest Changning–Shuanghe structure (Wang et al. uplift and searching the maximum value of the paleoele- 2011). The Dingshan structure of southeastern Sichuan is vation of the regional filling using an isostatic warping located in the transition region of the low steep fold belt and flexural model. The denudation quantity is primarily the trough-like fold in the basin margin transition region, determined by single well restoration (Champagnac et al. close to the Qiyushang fracture of the eastern border of the 2007; Gudmundsson 1994). The deposition rate of the Sichuan Basin, with surface exposure of Triassic–Ordovi- stratigraphic section is then obtained, and the latest age of cian and more developed fractures. The entire southeastern the sediment accumulation with the maximum value of Sichuan Caledonian is located at the Leshan–Longnvsi paleoelevation (before denudation) is determined (Fig. 2). paleohigh southeastern ramp; Indosinian is located at the Taking into account current geomorphic features formed southeastern slope of the Luzhou paleouplift (Zhai 2013); by denudation in the study area, the cumulative geomor- and the Yanshan–Himalayan is a critical period of the for- phic difference can be calculated from the denudation mation and tectonic setting of the southeastern structure. quantity at the start of the maximal deposition when the 123 J Petrol Explor Prod Technol Fig. 1 Location of Dishan block in southeastern Sichuan Basin, China basin reaches the maximum sediment filling surface. The cumulative geomorphic difference is the difference between the maximum altitude Zmax and the current alti- tude, which is the actual denudation quantity of the study area after
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