Index

Symbols B \1st five-year\ period, China Five Year Plans, Baoan County (China), 294, 296 1953-1957, 293 Bayan Har Mountain (China), 24, 40 \2nd five-year\ period, China Five Year Plans, Beijing, 1, 65 1958-1962, 293 capital city, 243 10-Year Cooperation Joint Working Group, Great Hall of the People, 244 359 Haidian district universities, 244 \Eleventh Five-Year Plan\, China Five Year Hi-Tech Park, 249 Plans, 2006–2010, 233, 358 Hutongs, 245 \Tenth Five-Year Plan\, China Five Year Plans, Lama Temple, 245 1001-2005, 241 municipality, 243 \September 11\ incident, 15 Olympic stadium, 243 Zhongguancun, 244 A Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megaregion, 235, 323 Academia Sinica, 364 Bilateral and multilateral communication, 363 Acid rain, 64, 355, 363 Birmingham, Alabama, 217, 218 Aeolian soils, 339 Blue Ridge Mountains, 7, 31 Agricultural machinery, 123 Bohai Rim, 168 cooperation, 125 Bohai Sea, 40, 132, 163, 242, 322, 323 operation, 320 Boston, 202, 206, 207, 209, 211 Agricultural modernization, 125 Bread baskets, 310, 349 Agricultural regions, 122, 311, 318, 327 Agricultural water-saving systems, 135 C Air pollution, 64, 67, 68, 355, 356 California Altai mountain (China), 5 Central valley, 79, 137–140, 148 Altun mountains (China), 24 California Coast, 76, 79 American Association of Geography (AAG), Capital-intensive, 166, 237 367 Carbon emission, 163, 358, 361, 363 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Carrying capacity, 318, 371 359 Cascade Mountains, 7, 32, 78, 138, 141, 142 Anhui (China), 56, 92, 127, 176, 230, 236, Central Arizona Project, 284 239, 317, 326 Central Shandong Mountains, 24 Appalachian Mountains (USA), 29, 31, 42, 45, Changbai mountains, 24, 26, 95 70, 72, 77, 79, 136, 215 Changchun Aquaculture industry, 132 Jilin, 93, 95, 130, 168, 311, 314 Arkansas, 31, 105, 138, 139, 143, 339 Chaohu Plain, 323 Arkansas River (USA), 42 Chayu River, 133 Atlanta, Georgia, 99, 100 China Atlantic Coastal Plain (USA), 7, 29, 30 age structure of, 85, 86, 97 R. Hartmann, J. Wang (eds.), A Comparative Geography of China and the U.S., 381 GeoJournal Library 109, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-8792-5, © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2014 382 Index

area size of, 4 Corn Belt, 117, 129, 136, 138–140, 144, 148, carbon foot print, 163 310, 314, 327, 328, 330–336, 339, 341, distribution ethnic groups, 9, 93, 95, 114, 345, 349 115 Cotton-wheat rotation, 325 educational structure, 85, 86 Cultural Revolution, 226, 366 ethnic composition, 92 exports, 18, 144, 166, 182, 183 D GDP growth rate, 17 Dalian geographical position, 4 Liaoning, 50, 92, 95, 130, 168, 176, history civilization, 12, 14, 353 226–230, 311, 315 imports, 17, 119, 162, 163, 166, 182, 183, Daxing’an Ranges, 24, 95 185, 191 Deforestation, 363 latitudinal range, 4 Desertification, 363, 373 origins of agriculture, 118, 119 District of Columbia, 218, 219, 220 policy of reform and opening, 355 Divergence between socialism and capitalism, population growth, 84, 85, 88, 109, 114, 359 296 Domestic self-sufficiency, 120 population volume, 233 Dongting Lake Plain, 27, 323, 326 reforms and opening up, 130 Drought, 23, 33, 40, 55, 56, 58, 120, 280, 319 spring and autumn period, 324 Dujiangyan Irrigation Area, 287 trading partners, 185, 195, 197 Dujiangyan Weir project, 287 urbanization, 226 Dujiangyan Dam, 119 China Geography Specialty Group (CGSG), Dust Bowl, 58, 59, 337, 339, 348 366 Dust storms, 332, 337, 348, 363, 369 China Meteorological Administration, 368 China’s Geographical Association, 365 E Chinatown Earthquakes, 23, 45, 47–49, 59 Manhattan, 221, 223, 224 East China Sea, 132, 163 China-US diplomatic relations (1979), 354 Economic Chinese Academy of Sciences, 312, 364 geography, 159, 161, 365 Climate, 6, 23, 32–34, 39, 44, 63, 71, 80, 90, ranking, 16 342 Emission trading, 362 Climate change, 19, 20, 34, 39, 55, 134, 149, Energy, 19, 43, 51, 59, 63, 162–164, 193, 215, 306, 312, 318, 354, 357–359, 361, 363, 324, 337, 348, 354–357, 359, 360, 368, 373, 374 362–364, 373 Colorado Plateau, 7, 29, 32, 39, 78, 79 Environmental Colorado River, 42, 140, 288, 290 awareness, 135, 355 Columbia Plateau, 7, 29, 31, 34 degradation, 252 Columbia River, 42 impact assessment, 362 Commercial agriculture, 132 impacts, 163 Committee on Chinese Geography (CCG), 368 landscape, 211 Competitive advantage, 293, 303, 304 pollution, 360 Concentrated animal feeding operations problem, 67, 113, 355–357, 359, 360, 374 (CAFOs), 123, 143, 150, 321, 327, protection, 363, 364, 369 335, 340, 350 systems, 205 Conservation reserve program (CRP), 146, taxation, 362 148 topography, 205 Contaminated arable land, 135 Conversion of agricultural lands, 146 F Cordillera System, 28, 39, 44 Famines, 119, 120, 151 Corn, 101, 118, 121, 123, 127, 129, 131–133, Farm-ranches, 341 136, 137, 139, 142, 144, 154, 310, 313, Federal Emergency Management Agency 314, 319, 322, 328, 329, 334–336, 341, (FEMA), 73 348, 349 Index 383

Flood, 23, 33, 40, 51, 53, 59, 119, 120, 280, Hebei, 56, 130, 230, 233–235, 318, 322 287, 290, 321, 325 Heilongjiang Province, 316 management of, 287 Heilongjiang Reclamation Area, 313, 314 Florida Peninsula, 29, 34, 137 Heilongjiang River, 4 Food security, 120, 310, 349 Helan Mountain ranges, 25 Fuhe river, 281 Henan, 53, 56, 92, 127, 130, 168, 176, 317, Fujian, 7, 27, 49, 66, 139, 178, 230, 239, 327 318, 322 Hengduan Mountains ranges, 24, 25 G Hetao Plain, 133 Gambling capital, 295 Hexi Corridor, 75, 128, 133 Gaming industry, 302 High Plains, 58, 136–138, 140, 142, 148, Gangdise mountain, 24, 26, 32 327–330, 332–334, 337, 339– 342, Gansu, 87, 93, 126, 128, 168 344–349 Genetically modified (GM) Himalayans, 5, 6 foods and animals, 146 Hohokam Native American group, 288 Geographer-to-geographer cooperation, 368 Hoh Xil Mountain, 24, 26 Glasgow Dandong Snow Mountain, 40 Homestead Act (1862), 340 Global environmental change, 362, 371 Hong Kong, 16, 18, 185, 239, 240, 241, 248, Globalization, 2, 3, 15, 121, 160, 187, 205, 251, 294, 303, 370, 371 356, 363 Huaihe River, 27, 40, 66, 316 Global sustainability, 363 Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, 40, 127, 317, 318 Government-to-Government Cooperation, Hubei, 12, 56, 92, 127, 168, 176, 282, 291, 354, 359, 364 323, 326 Grain self-sufficiency, 120 Human Development Index (HDI), 19 Grain-to-green policy, 369 Human dimensions, 369, 372 Grasslands Reserve Program (GRP), 147, 148 Human-environment Great Basin and Range, 39 interactions, 80, 115 Great Canal, 119 relationship, 280, 369, 371 Great Lakes, 30, 43, 45, 72, 78, 136, 194, 226, system, 115, 278, 371 332–334 Human geography, 365, 367, 369, 370, 374 Great Lakes Seaway, 332 Hunan, 327 Great Plains, 8, 29, 30, 34, 39, 70, 71, 78, 138, Hurricane Alley, 51 162, 310 Hurricanes, 23, 49, 51, 53, 59, 62, 70 Great Smokey Mountains, 29 Andrew, 51, 58 Groundwater overdraft, 118, 146, 319 Galveston, 51 Guangdong, 49, 50, 91, 126, 129, 168, 175, Katrina, 51, 53 176, 178, 239, 240, 282, 296 Guangxi, 9, 49, 50, 93, 129, 178, 239 I Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 9 Idaho Guangzhou, 228, 229, 239 potatoes, 138, 142 Guanzhong Plain, 128 Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, 95 Guizhou, 56, 87, 93, 112, 130, 168, 239 Indianapolis Gulf Coast, 7, 34, 53 Indiana, 44, 100, 170, 330, 336 Gulf of Mexico, 5, 29–31, 34, 45, 51, 69, 70, Indianapolis Transportation Hub and Cluster, 72, 77, 79, 127, 132, 137, 194, 215, 334 337 Industrial clusters, 238 Industrialization, 65, 72, 91, 124, 159, 174, H 278, 316, 321, 324, 363 Haihe River, 27, 40, 66, 316 Inner Mongolia, 9, 56, 93, 95, 128, 133, 162, Hainan, 33, 49, 50, 129, 239 168, 230, 316, 342 Hainan Island, 24 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 9, 132 Han Dynasty, 281 Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, 311 Harbin Inner Mongolia Plateau, 7, 24, 26, 90 Heilongjiang, 8, 56, 95, 130, 311, 312, 316 Institutional innovations, 294, 299 384 Index

Intermountain Plateaus, 32 M International cooperation, 358, 362, 363 Manufacturing, 8, 91, 97, 121, 130, 159, 160, International division of labor, 159, 160 163–166, 168, 170, 172, 175, 181, 183, International Geographical Union (IGU), 367 187, 192, 196, 214, 217, 218, 237, 238, International trade, 18, 181–184, 187–189, 241, 248, 277, 280, 292, 293, 304, 191, 192, 194, 197, 198, 214, 248, 249 327, 334 IT Development Silicon Valley, 137, 154 Market competitiveness, 134 Megapolitan Areas, 205, 208 J Megaregions, 201, 202, 205, 207, 213 Jianghan Plain, 323, 326 Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, 24, 309, 323, Jiangnan Hills, 27 349 Jiangsu, 92, 93, 168, 176, 178, 230, 236–238, Ming Dynasty, 243, 282 317, 323, 326 Mining, 67, 68, 121, 161–164, 174, 280, 288, Jiangsu and Anhui plains, 27 295, 360 Jiangxi, 56, 92, 93, 239, 323, 326, 327 Minshan Mountain Range, 24, 287 Jinjiang River, 281 Mississippi-Missouri River, 6 Joint responsibility, 20, 373 Mississippi River, 30, 31, 41, 43, 49, 58, 138, Junggar Basin, 7, 24, 26 143, 310, 332, 333 Mississippi Valley, Native American Crops, 136, 138 K Missouri River, 30, 42 Karakorum Mountains, 26 Modern agriculture, 119, 234, 310 Karezin system, 119 Mohe, 4 Kenli County, 40 Mollisols, 136, 311, 332, 339 Kunlun Mountains, 24, 44 Multiple crop index, 319 Kyoto Protocol, 357, 361 Mutual trust, 359 L N Labor-intensive, 156, 165, 166, 198, 237, 303, Nanling Mountains, 26 310 National Disaster Reduction Committee, 73 Land degradation, 125, 363 National interest, 188, 356, 359, 362, 363 Landforms, 24, 26, 28, 30–34, 59, 70, 71, 80 National Natural Science Fund, 368 Land of plenty, 325 National Reclamation Act, 289 Land use Natural resources, 27, 155, 161, 163, 168, 206, changes, 155, 277 234, 240, 365, 369, 371, 372 control system, 134 Natural Resources Conservation Service efficiency, 134 (NRCS), 147, 148 Las Vegas, 207, 213, 214, 286, 290, 293–300, Nenjiang River, 27, 311 302–306 New Madrid Fault, 49 Laurentian Uplands, 30 New York Leizhou Peninsula, 33 Broadway, 224 Lhasa River, 133 Financial District, 221, 223 Liaodong Hills, 27 Harlem, 223 Liaohe River, 27, 40, 66 Little Italy, 223 Liaohe River alluvial plain, 311, 313 Lower East Side, 223 Liberal Kingdom named Shu, 280 Lower Manhattan, 221, 222, 223 Liupan Mountain Range, 25 Mid-town Manhattan, 222, 224 Loess Plateau, 7, 8, 24, 26, 40, 117, 118, 125 Times Square, 224 Longmen Mountain Range, 24, 281 Nien-ch’u River, 133 Longquan Mountain Range, 281 Ningxia, 87, 93, 168 Los Angeles, 48, 49, 67, 207, 213, 214, 292, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 9, 95 294, 340 Non-farm employment, 126 Lower Yangtze River Plain, 7, 27, 53 Non-point source pollution, 118, 148 Index 385

North China Plain, 5, 7, 24, 27, 131, 242, 309, Qinling Mountain Ranges, 26, 33 310, 317–323, 349 Qiongzhou Peninsula, 33 Northeast China, 47, 292, 316 Quaternary industry, 171, 172, 175 Northeast China Steel Industry, 9 Quinary services, 171–175 Northeast Megaregion, 211 Northeast Plain, 7, 24, 27, 129, 310, 311, 313, R 323, 349 Raleigh Nyainqentanglha Mountain, 24, 26 North Carolina, 31, 69, 100, 101, 154, 204, 215 O Rare earth, 163 Obesity, 123, 146, 151, 153 Reclamation of land, 119 Ohio Academy of Sciences, 366 Redistribution of land, 119 Ohio River, 30, 42 Reduction in biodiversity, 363 Ordos Plateau, 24 Regional geography Ozone destruction, 363 comparative, 2 Requisition-compensation for farmland, 134 P Rice, 27, 117, 118, 121, 123, 125, 127, 128, Pamirs, 4 133, 137–139, 143, 312, 325 Pan-Pearl River Delta Megaregion, 240 Rice bowls, 349 Peanuts, 132, 144, 154, 319, 322 Rice-rapeseed rotation, 325 Pearl River, 66 Rio Grande, 28, 139, 140, 144, 148, 289 Pearl River Delta, 8, 65, 83, 132, 168, 229, Rocky Mountains, 6, 7, 28–32, 39, 41, 42, 44, 230, 240, 241, 303 45, 70–72, 77, 78, 101, 141, 328, 337, Pearl River Delta Mega-region, 241 339, 345 Permanent loss of arable land, 125 Phoenix S Arizona, 42, 100, 101, 105, 112, 148, 279, Salt River Project, 284, 288, 290 288, 292 San Andreas Fault, 48, 49 Physical geography, 24, 70, 75, 80, 112, 168, San Diego, 212 365, 366, 369, 372, 374 San Francisco Physical zonation, 59, 62 earthquake, 48, 58 Piedmont, 29 Sanjiang Plain, 311, 316 Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion, 207, 215–218 Seattle, 48, 101 Pioneer of reform, 301 Secondary industry, 234, 235, 304 Plum rains, 325 Sector model, 160 Policy control point, 302 Services, 97, 119, 156, 159, 168, 170–172, Political power, 20, 220 174, 176, 181, 189, 193, 198, 204, 210, Population 216, 234, 235, 238, 287, 293, 301, and landscape change, 280 305, 320 ranking, 7 Sesame, 319, 322, 325, 327 urbanization, 296 Shahe River, 281 Post-industrial, 159, 160, 162 Shandong Hills, 27, 320 Poyang Lake Plain (China), 27, 323 Shandong Province, 40, 318, 322 Primary industry, 121 Shanghai, 92, 176, 178, 202, 233, 236–239, 246–250 Q Huangpu river, 246, 249 Qaidam Basin, 7, 24, 26, 27 manufacturing sector, 237 Qilian Mountains, 24, 26, 75 municipality, 249, 250 Qing Dynasty, 95, 119, 243, 245, 247, 280, port, 250 282 Pudong Special Economic Zone, 248, 249 Qinghai, 9, 40 Shikumen, 250, 251 Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 24, 26, 34, 47, 60, 70, Xintiandi, 251 75, 76, 90 Yangshan Deep Sea Water Port, 250 386 Index

Shanghai Stock Exchange, 249 State-owned farms, 313 Shanghai World Expo, 249 Sui Dynasty, 281 Shanxi, 93, 112, 162, 322 Sustainable agriculture, 146, 148, 149, 157 Shanxi Province, 128 Sustainable development, 20, 62, 216, 278, Shenzhen, 176, 233, 239, 241, 294–297, 300, 354, 371 301, 303–305 System of household contracts and Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, 294, 301 responsibility, 320 Shenzhen Speed, 295 Shenzhen Stock Exchange, 301 T Shu-Han Dynasty, 287 Taihang Mountains, 24, 26, 95 Sichuan, 9, 56, 92, 93, 95, 280, 281, 292 Taihu Lake, 66, 67 Sichuan Basin, 7, 24, 26, 27, 280, 291 Taihu Lake Basin, 327 Sichuan Province, 12 Taiwan, 10, 16, 33, 47, 49, 50, 185, 367 Sierra Nevada Mountains, 29, 32, 39, 45, 78, Taiwan Island, 24, 26, 33, 47 139, 212 Taiwan Mountains, 26 Silicon Valley, 8 Taklimakan Desert, 26 Sino-US Climate Academic Symposia, 368 Tang Dynasty, 119, 281, 287 Sino-US cooperation, 353–359 Tanggula Mountain, 24, 26, 40 Sino-US Joint Economic Committee, 355 Tarim Basin, 7, 24, 26, 27, 75 Sino-US relationship, 354–357 Tengchong, 8 Sino-US trade, 195, 197, 198 Tertiary industry, 234, 235, 304 importance of, 194 Third-line construction, 292, 293 ratios of dependency, 197 Three Gorges Dam project, 355 Soil, 7, 26, 27, 30, 40, 43, 44, 61, 62, 72, 119, Tiananmen Square, 243, 244 125, 127, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, Tianjin, 83, 233, 234, 235, 317 138–140, 142, 143, 146, 151, 309, 311, Tianshan Mountain, 5, 230 313, 314, 318, 323, 332, 339, 349, 366 Tibet, 5, 9, 95, 342 black land soil, 311–313 Topography, 7, 24, 28, 29, 40, 43, 44, 56, 60, loamy soils, 342 67, 70, 72, 78, 88, 113, 309 meadow soil, 311 Tornados, 51, 70, 332 Soil and water conservation, 146, 147, 149 Tourism, 177, 178, 234, 249, 287, 293, 295, Soil conservation, 154, 335, 339, 373 302, 303, 304, 305, 348, 369 Soil Conservation Service, 147 Traditional agricultural, 118, 119 Song Dynasty, 119, 281, 282 Trans-regional Operations of Farm Machines, Songhua River, 27, 40, 66 125 Song-Nen Plain, 311, 316 Turkey, 348 Sorghum, 314, 321, 348 Typhoons, 23, 49, 59, 325 South Carolina, 101, 105, 106, 148, 215 South China Sea, 1, 132, 163 U Southeastern Coastal Plain, 30 United States Southeast Hills, 27 age structure, 96, 108 Southern California Megaregion, 8, 207, agricultural regions, 137, 138, 141, 309, 212–214 349 Southern Nevada Water Authority, 302 area size, 220 Soybeans, 121, 138, 139, 144, 150, 154, 310, carbon foot print, 163 313, 315, 316, 319, 336, 349 educational structure, 98 Spatial exports, 18, 170, 181, 182, 189, 193–195, concentration of populations, 277 330 distribution, 25, 53, 56, 117, 168, 198, 227 First Americans, 14 Spill-over effect, 294 GDP per capita, 17 State Administration of Environmental geographical position, 7, 80 Protection of China (SAEP), 357 history country, 51, 55, 58, 59, 136, 151, State Central Food Market, 318 340 State Council’s Emergency Management imports, 17, 192, 360 Office, 73 Index 387

latitudinal range, 34 Western Jin Dynasty, 281 migration and immigration, 107 Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), 148 New Energy for America, 359 Wheat population distribution, 7, 8, 83, 97, 99, hard red winter, 342 113 spring, 127, 128, 313, 316 population growth, 189, 213, 215, 296 winter, 127, 313, 321, 342 population volume, 223 World food security, 344, 349 racial/ethnic composition, 9 World Trade Organization (WTO), 198, 357 trading partners, 198 World War II, 97, 114, 207, 213, 278, 279, transportation systems, 71 283, 285, 290, 293, 299, 304 urban agglomerations, 190 Wushan Mountains, 24, 26, 95 urbanization, 72, 101, 113, 159, 324, 369 Wusuli River, 4 Urban Wuyi Mountains, 24, 26 belts, 226 definition of, 203 X economic clusters, 20 Xianxia Mountains, 24 footprints, 277 Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, 317 growth and sprawl, 20, 279 Xinjiang, 9, 76, 93–95, 128, 133, 163, 168 Urban areas (China), 134, 161, 225, 228, 252, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 9 369 Xizang Autonomous Region, 9 definition of, 91 Xuefeng Mountains, 24, 26, 95 Urban areas (USA), 99, 101, 113, 206, 211, 216 Y definition of, 53 Yangtze River, 1, 42, 66, 119, 129, 131, 168 Urbanization, 65, 91, 124, 225, 277 Yangtze River Basin, 6 drivers of, 91, 305 Yangtze River Delta, 8, 27, 65, 66, 83, 132, patterns of, 206 168, 226, 227, 229, 230, 236, 239, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 148 323, 326 U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 147, Yangtze River Delta Megaregion, 236–238 328 Yellow River, 12, 26, 27, 40, 66, 118, 316 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Yellow River Basin, 6, 119 153, 357 Yellow Sea, 132, 163 Use-right, 301 Yili region, 133 U.S. National Research Council (NRC), 371 Yinshan Mountains, 24, 26 Utilization coefficient of irrigation water, 135 Yuan Dynasty, 243, 245, 282, 324 Yulei Mountain, 287 V Yunnan, 8, 33, 56, 87, 93, 168, 178, 239, 291 Vegetation distribution, 43, 44 Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, 7, 24, 26

W Z Washington State, Orchards, 43, 107, 117, Zengmu Reef, 4 118, 138, 140, 141 Zhejiang, 12, 27, 49, 66, 92, 168, 176, 178, Wenchuan, 47 236–238, 327 Western Cordillera, 28, 72 Zhejiang-Fujian Hills, 27 Western Han Dynasty, 281, 323