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Atlas Preliminar De Los Moluscos Terrestres Endémicos De Canarias, Presentes En Tenerife

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Atlas Preliminar De Los Moluscos Terrestres Endémicos De Canarias, Presentes En Tenerife Vi eraea 19: 251-265 ISSN 021O-945X Diciembre 1990 Atlas preliminar de los moluscos terrestres endémicos de Canarias, presentes en Tenerife M. R. ALONSO, M. IDÁÑEZ, F. C. HENRÍQUEZ, M. J. VAUDO & C. E. P ONTEURA Departamento de Zoolog(a. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife. ¡slas Canarias (Aceplado el 4 de mayo de 1989) ALONSO. M . R., lBÁÑEZ, M. , H EN RlQUEZ , F. e. , VAUDO , M . J. & PONTEURA, e. E., 1990. A preliminary atlas of the endemic lerrestrial molluscs ofthe e anary Islands living in Tenerife. Vi eraea 19: 251-265 ABSTRACT: A preliminary atlas of the endemic terrestrial gastropods of the Canary Islands living in Tenerife has been prepared; the biogeographic data of each are included and the endemic taxa from Tenerife are indicated . Key words: Gastropoda. endemisms. Canary Islands. RESUMEN: Se presenta el atlas preliminar de los gasteró• podos terrestres endémicos de Canarias que se encuentran en la isla de Tenerife; se incluyen datos biogeográficos de cada uno y se indican los taxones que a su vez son endémicos de Tenerife. Palabras clave: Gastropoda. endemismos. Canarias. A pesar de las numerosas publicaciones sobre moluscos terres­ tres canarios efectuadas en el pasado y en el presente siglo. este interesante grupo de invertebrados dista aún mucho de ser conocido en profundidad. Esto se ha debido fundamentalmente a dos hechos: en pri­ mer lugar. al poco rigor cient1fico con que algunos autores determi­ naban sus ejemplares. lo que incrementó de forma exagerada el número de taxones nominales; y en segundo lugar. a la costumbre de dichos autores de copiar literalmente los datos de recolección de los in­ vestigadores que les precedieron. lo que perpetuaba los posibles errores de distribución geográfica. anadiendo muy poco o nada al conocimiento de los diferentes taxones. Esto queda ilustrado gráfi­ camente en el mapa 1. que corresponde a la recopilación de todas las localidades muestreadas en la isla de Tenerife. efectuada en 1931 por Odhner a partir de los datos de 24 publicaciones anteriores de 18 autores; evidentemente. el área muestreada es muy pobre. El desconocimiento. tanto del número real de especies como de sus áreas de distribución impide. mientras no sea solventado. apli­ car a este grupo algunas de las utilidades del cartografiado U.T.M .. como puede ser el estudio de la evolución de las poblaciones y el establecimiento de medidas de protección de las mismas si as1 fuera necesario (VALIDO & cols . en prensa) . 251 Este último punto es extraordinariamente interesante; precisa­ mente, en los escasos planes de protección de moluscos terrestres que hoy existen en el mundo parece haberse dado prioridad a las especies endémicas, por ser éstas las más amenazadas de extinción (SOLEM , 1976; KONDO, 1980; WALDEN, 1986), dándose la circunstancia de que el porcentaje de endemismos es muy elevado en los ecosistemas insulares, donde el equilibrio biológico es aún más frágil . Y este número es es­ pecialmente elevado en los moluscos terrestres canarios (HENRIQUEZ & cols., en prensa). Es imprescindible, por tanto, conocer en primer lugar qué espe­ cies existen realmente, pues no se puede proteger y conservar lo que no se conoce; y en segundo lugar es necesario delimitar lo más exac­ tamente posible su distribución, para poder efectuar un seguimiento periódico (= cartog~afiado periódico), mediante el cual los datos de distribución geográfica se traducen a datos de dinámica poblacional, pudiéndolos estudiar bajo diferentes enfoques (GOETHEM , 1986; VALIDO & cols., en prensa). Al no disponer de datos fiables anteriores a nosotros, nos hemos visto privados de la posibilidad de extraer valiosas conclusiones acerca del estado actual de esta fauna; no obstante, creemos que es conveniente dar a conocer su distribución actual para poder efectuar las pertinentes comparaciones al cabo de una serie de a~os, lo que nos permitirá ver si son necesarias medi­ das especiales de protección; desgraciadamente, algunos de estos endemismos no pensamos que puedan esperar tanto para ser protegidos, encontrándose ya en la categoría de "en peligro (E)" (ALONSO & cols, en prensa). El material ha sido recolectado en su mayoría entre los aftos 1981 y 1989. Igualmente, se han revisado las colecciones de moluscos terrestres canarios depositadas en las siguientes instituciones cien­ tíficas: - Museo de Ciencias Naturales , Santa Cruz de Tenerife. British Museum (Natural History), London . Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. - Muséum Cantonale d'Histoire Naturelle, Genecve. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Natural History Museum, Bern. - Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt/~ain. Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. Zoological Museum of the University, Zürich. á. ~ - f-. - -A .. r- .-¡ 1"1 . _- / ~ ... ~ ~ f--- - . V rt .. ..... !Y r . ? iI" .'.: I ~. 17 .1 r- /T . ./ Ir- ....--v ~ '~ ~ .. ('! .~ . la . C:: - . - r- . "" . ~ '!" ... I .!"'~ - - ~ ,. ... : ~ . ~.. _ . _ .. 1- - f-- - - 1/ . ~ . - f-- - - - - 1- l. .- . ~. ~ 'S- '\ .. ,...- r- ....... - • • 'h~'_ /' - OO ~ 11I ... ./' OO~ ,,. RECOPllACION 1" . LOCALIDADES 2 - . ,J ¡--- / BASADA - • ,. rI . MUESTREADAS h ...J EN OONHER " . ' .1 ~ f-- ~ 1-" 252 - Zoological Museum. Amsterdam. - Academy of Natural Sciences. Phi1adelphia. - Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University. Cambridge. - Delaware Museum of Natural History. Greenvi11e. Por último. se ha dispuesto también de ejemplares de diferentes especies. que gentilmente nos han sido cedidos por companeros del De­ partamento. Todas las localidades muestreadas en la isla se representan en el mapa 2. En todos los mapas. cada punto representa una cuadricula U. T :M. de 1 km de lado . PROSOBRANCHIA Familia POMATIASIDAE Pomatias raricosta (WOLLASTON. 1878) (mapa 3) Endémica de Tenerife. Su zona de distribución está restringida a la parte Norte del macizo de Anaga . Se encuentra desde lugares próximos a la costa hasta el limite superior del cardona1-tabaibal. - ........, - -,-,,-.-.--,.-,- r-.-.-,-r-.-.-~ 1--11--1--1- 1'-1-- - - - - - .. :;?1'--"I'=k<'I. __ - .. 1--1--1- 1-¡--- - - - / p_L~__,_'... r--- ~_"""•• L I~.-~ - ~ --1--- ---f- --- ~ - V - 1----1-- - f_ - -- y - 1--1----- - --;1 --- ,/ - - 1--- --1-- - -V -- -~V--!4--+- 1-1 ------;rd --- 7--- I - I ---+-+--I- I.r----- I ~- V ~ - - I-- I/- Il--I--lc--H 1, ,r'-- ~ I - __ - rtLI--1------If-----I-- 1-I ~ ---f- - - I\---- - --1- ~ - 1- - --- - --1-- - 1-'H.---I- +--iI--1__1 j---- ~ I - -- - - --- ---e l! - --f_ ,. - - P\I----- --- . ---~-- I -__I --1______+__- I - f>o ----- -f_ --If - 1--1- +--1----1-1 - --- ------ I- - ~ V 1- 'I- tT-t-I- --f_ - I--I- -- ~ - - 1- - -t---- 1- j-----f--j __ 1\ --- "";- --¡--- I/-f_ _ . .... _,~,-..; ~; .. - 1--I--+"'--I----f-+- +--+-----j,LI'"----t-----H -... _. Ii", ~ ~ - ~IW! 1'5 ----'" f----- L . ,J / Pomatias - <S - - I-l::-\ -I--I-I_.j-J,.L-I-l-H \ r-v ...a ... icosta laevlgatUl '--f--' ,---- --.- - - r - - ,- '-- -- - n -----¡--- -'- - f-'-¡:,,? f== -.. - - - - 1--= 1--= = -+- - - - --- 1- - - - - ¡ ~¡-- -- - :::,:;; ¡,...¿ --:~A::7 _ _ I -~~__I ./ - f- - - - I__-- - V ---- - IV--!II--I-t-I I--+-+----I-J- I-- -- -V - --I-----I -+-V-l l -~ - - - - ----- pod - - - I ~, f____I -_+____-H _ ~L~ - .¿ I r---- ~ V ___ " y ~ - ~ ------ - - ) - I - - -- ( ~ ~ ¡-- ----- f- ~ - - f_- . - · +-,__I--I--I-- j----- I --j--------I -_I--1~~_r__l-_+_+__H f_ -.- - '-If- - - - f-,-~- I --+__l-+_+I /++----++-+-+-+-l I- I--I\--- f- - - - --I- I-t-+- -t-I 1-1-~-r_-1_-+--_r__+_-~-+~-+~·- 1 - - 1-- ~ - - I ~ - 1- -I-1--1- ----I- I- -'¡--+--\-----I--+-+--I--I --I- \ - I- - f---!2I- --::::-:-. '''~ ". 1/ ~- . ~ 'í7',;..- - ·~1III f_· I -+-~+-- j----_I -----t-_r~_+~ ,; Leiostyl;ll I --I---+-~~+-+_-+--~/~-+~ N~ I--I---I---+-+II++---->"""'lh---"'-'I--I---I----H badlo_ '----­ - ,-,r-L-~~~~~~ .~~ll---------~ 253 Pomatias laevigatus (WEBB & BERTHELOT, 1833) (mapa 4) Endémica de Tenerife . Es una especie con amplia distribución en la isla, entre el nivel del mar y 750 m de altitud, apareciendo liga­ da a enclaves de vegetación halófila-costera, cardonal-tabaibal y, en sus localidades más elevadas, a jarales. PULMON~T~ Familia VERTIGINID~E Leiostyla castanea (SHUTTLEWORTH, 1852) (mapa 5) Especie ligada a la laurisilva y al fayal-brezal . Las capturas se han efectuado entre 600 y 950 m de altitud . ~l igual que la espe­ cie anterior, vive entre la hojarasca y debajo de piedras, siendo dificil de observar por su pequeno tamano y su color, similar al de algunas hojas húmedas de la hojarasca. Le: - + --1--1 - - - 1--+--1-11- 11-'(1-+--1--1-1-+; I-- · I ~I- -- - 1- 1--1 - 1- - .1---1'1)'--+- +-1- 1-- ¡.. 1-- - --- 17 1- - ,,,\1--- - - 1---1- - I--.lf--I-- - f-+-i--+1 :1-1_ f_ F"'+-+-+-+--+-j,L/+-...jj · - .. - :..'"" ~ _. .- - -- r\ N_ hel_h• .. "- 20 - ~ . ~~'jr- --".cr- --- _. ... L.....!.-.J.L-_ ___---' ~ -~~~~r- r_._~-.-~T-~ - '~~~-.~ - - 1-- - - - --.- -- -· v · _ 1__ _ 1_ - - -- - ___17 _ n ~ - 1- 1-- - 1---- - 1- 1- - I"¿ I- 1/ l-j'-+--I-- f--I---I-I-- f- --I,,¿ 1-. -- j....-' - - 1-- 1--1-;;1-1- - - IV--Il---+-+ - - - 1- 1-+- 1- ---]7--- 17 - 1-1-- - 1-- - 1--171=' - - -l--lV--rl'---i--I-+; lr-I--J ·/ V 1 _1 ".L;1-"-I~""'4lr-~l---~__I-- __1-- -,L1--·I- I--l-f-' ( L<;:: - 1--- 1-- - - - - - I- PI-+--I- +--Ir-H 1-- ~ ~ L - 1--+--1-+1>0 - -\ ,- ) - -1--+-11-+;, 1-- - - ----I--- I.-I--i-/I+-- I- ++--+-H f.-- .. --1- - -1- --I--- '- If·- '--I--+-+-I-l 1-- - 1\:- - I-- - I~- I -j- I- I---II --l- I~--ll - II - II -~~H ~ - ~ 1--1--- 1 -\~~--+--1--~ -j-+-+~---i- -+- 1-+-~ =1=:1------)/ N_..__ I-- I -+--I-'T-I----I---I--l--I--I,L/-I-~-- .. -:... ' " ~.- . ~.. ~, ----"\ ~ - n_ -I---I-¡~---I---I---I~/~~-H N _ '-. --- 1--1---1-1-1--11--I--+4>L.f1-1-+--+J _ 1..... L... --.. _-L-J..-.-L....,J.....-L....,J.....-L...-.J.-..lL__ _ _ ---' -- 254 Familia ENIDAE Napaeus badiosus (FERUSSAC, 1821) (mapa 6) Endémica de Tenerife . Se encuentra en el Sureste de la isla, entre 150 y 500 m de altitud, zona con dominio de una vegetación t1pi ca de piso basal, localizándose en las riberas de los barrancos, donde se esconde bajo tierra. Los ejemplares viv os normalmente pasan desaperc ibi dos , por estar recubiertos de barro .
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