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Cuckmere Haven G E O a Rc H a E O Lo Ic a L S U Rv

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Cuckmere Haven G E O a Rc H a E O Lo Ic a L S U Rv Geoarchaeoloical Survey Cuckmere Haven Geoarchaeological Borehole Survey May 2011 Client: East Sussex County Council Issue No: 1 OA Job No: 4939 NGR: TV 5514 0985 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex v.01 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex NGR: 551400 098500 Geoarchaeological Borehole Survey and Geophysical Ground Truthing Field Assessment Report East Sussex County Council Written by Martin Bates and Carl Champness With contributions by John Whittaker Oxford Archaeology May 2011 © Oxford Archaeology (i) May 2011 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex v.01 Client Name: East Sussex County Council Client Ref No: - Document Title: Geoarchaeological Borehole Survey Document Type: Field Assessment Report Issue/Version Number: v.01 Grid Reference: NGR 551400 098500 Planning Reference: - OA Job Number: 4939 Site Code: SECH10 Invoice Code: SECHEV Receiving Museum: Sussex Past Museum Museum Accession No: tbc Event No: Issue Prepared by Checked by Approved by Signature Martin Bates Elizabeth Stafford Rebecca Nicholson 1 Geoarchaeologist Head of Environmental Manager (UWTSD) Geoarchaeological (OAS) Carl Champness Services (OAS) Geoarchaeologist (OAS) Document File Locationm Y:\Geoarchaeological Services\GEOARCH REPORTS\SUSSEX\CUCKMERE HAVEN\ Graphics File Location \\San-access\invoice codes r thru z\S_codes\SECHEV Illustrated by Martin Bates and Hannah Kennedy Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. © Oxford Archaeological Unit Ltd 2011 Janus House Osney Mead Oxford OX2 0ES 008362 5681 )0( 44+ :t 44+ )0( 5681 008362 :e n.yenruojnamuheht@htuosao et 694397 5681 )0( 44+ :f 44+ )0( 5681 694397 :w n.yenruojnamuheht.htuosao et Oxford Archaeological Unit Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 © Oxford Archaeology (ii) May 2011 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex v.01 Table of Contents Summary....................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Scope of work............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Location..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Previous work............................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Background................................................................................................................ 2 2 Aims and Methodology............................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Aims........................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Methodology.............................................................................................................. 3 3 Results...................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Introduction and presentation of results..................................................................... 4 3.2 General soils and ground conditions......................................................................... 4 3.3 Borehole sequence.................................................................................................... 4 3.4 Ground-truthing of the geophysical results................................................................ 5 3.5 Preliminary palaeoenvironmental assessment.......................................................... 5 4 Discussion................................................................................................................................ 6 4.1 Reliability of field investigation................................................................................... 6 4.2 Evaluation objectives and results.............................................................................. 6 4.3 Interpretation and Significance.................................................................................. 7 4.4 Recommendations for further work............................................................................ 8 4.5 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................... 9 5 References................................................................................................................................ 9 Appendix A. Borehole Log....................................................................................................... 11 Appendix B. ostracod and Foraminifera Assessment.......................................................... 12 Appendix C. Radiocarbon Dating............................................................................................ 13 Appendix D. Summary of Site Details..................................................................................... 14 © Oxford Archaeology (iii) May 2011 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex v.01 List of Figures Fig. 1 Site location map Fig. 2 Location of borehole and geophysical transects Fig. 3 Electrical section showing subsurface features and deposits Fig. 4 Electrical sections showing the base of the Holocene alluvial sequence Fig. 5 Location of topographical steps Fig. 6 Interpretative sequence of the Lower Cuckmere Valley Plates Plate 1 Photo of Cuckmere Valley Plate 2 Photo of the Cuckmere Haven Plate 3 Photo of borehole sampling rig Plate 4 Photo of the borehole samples Plate 5 Photo of site conditions Plate 6 Photo of access gate Plate 7 Photo of borehole sampling within the valley floor © Oxford Archaeology (iv) May 2011 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex v.01 Summary At the end of December 2010, Oxford Archaeology undertook a borehole survey within the Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex, on behalf of East Sussex County Council, to help ground truth two recent phases of geophysical sediment mapping (Bates 2010a and 2010b). The fieldwork aimed to identify the base of the bedrock surface and provide samples for lithological and palaeoenvironmental assessment. This work was part of a wider heritage study of the Haven that was designed to help inform local communities about the heritage resources of the valley and the potential impacts of future coastal change. The fieldwork successfully sampled one sequence to a depth of 30m within the valley to help ground truth the geo-electric sections. Unfortunately ground conditions prevented a second sample from reaching full depth and this was abandoned in order to concentrate on further assessment of the borehole samples. The base of the alluvium was encountered at a depth of 24m below ground surface and solid chalk was encountered at 27.5m in depth. The Holocene sequence comprised basal silty clays and peats overlain by thick laminated clayey sands. Inter-stratified sand and clay deposits were identified between 11.40m and 5.60m in depth, and these were sealed by overlying homogeneous clays and silty clays. Preliminary assessment of the ostracod and foraminifera assemblages suggest a transition from freshwater to brackish conditions at the base of the sequence. The marine incursion of the valley is dated to 8030±30 yr BP. Thick deposits of overlying laminated sands appear to represent brackish conditions within tidal mudflats. There is a gradual transition into mid/high salt marsh conditions further up the sequence, with an increasing marine influence around 8.50m, possibly reflecting tidal surges. Brackish tidal mudflat conditions return with the deposition of the upper silty clays. The present-day predominantly freshwater environment of the Haven is therefore a relatively recent development. A similar sand dominated sequence has been recorded within the Lower Ouse, but this sequence appears to lack the thick freshwater organic and peat deposits present within the valleys recorded to the east, such as those found in the Combe Haven. However further dating and palaeoenvironmental assessment is required before more comprehensive comparisons between sequences can be made. Only a single tie point for ground truthing the geophysics currently exists, but when considered with the other available data, the work was able to identify the base of the bedrock and pick-up subsurface features within the geo-electric sections. The relationship between the geophysical profile and the drill log at the site indicates that the base of the Holocene alluvial surface coincides with the 6.38ohm/m contour (light to dark green) and consequently we have used this to infer the shape of the topographical template along all four transects. The revealed valley profile shows abrupt steep valley
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