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Translation Series No.1375 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 1375 Bioebenoses and biomass of benthos of the Newfoundland-Labrador region. By Ki1N. Nesis Original title: Biotsenozy i biomassa bentosa N'yufaund- • .lendskogo-Labradorskogo raiona.. From: Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo •Instituta Morskogo Rybnogo Khozyaistva Okeanografii (eNIRO), 57: 453-489, 1965. Translated by the Translation Bureau(AM) Foreign Languages Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Fisheries Research Board of Canada • Biological Station , st. John's, Nfld 1970 75 pages typescript 'r OEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DES LANGUES DIVISION ° CANADA ÉTRANGÈRES TRANSLATED FROM - TR,ADUCTION DE INTO - EN Russian English 'AUTHOR - AUTEUR Nesis K.N. TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ; ANGLAIS Biocoenoses and biomas of benthos of the Newfolindland-Labradoriregion Title . in foreign_iangnage---(tranalitarate_foreisn -ottantatere) Biotsenozy i biomassa bentosa N i yufaundlendSkogo-Labradorskogoraiona. , .ReF5RENCE IN FOREIGN ANGUA2E (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CFiA,IRACTERS. • REFERENCE' EN LANGUE ETRANGERE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET. TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTERES PHONETIQUEL •. Trudylesesoyuznogo nauchno-iàsledovaterskogo instituta morskogo — rybnogo khozyaistva i okeanogràfii - :REFEREN CE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS • Trudy of the 40.1-Union Scientific-Research Instituteof Marine . Fiseriés and Oceanography. PUBLISH ER ÉDITEUR PAGE,NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL DATE OF PUBLICATION NUMEROS DES PAGES DANS DATE DE PUBLICATION . L'ORIGINAL YE.tR ISSUE.NO . 36 VOLUME ANNEE NUMERO PLACE OF PUBLICATION NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES LIEU DE PUBLICATION NOMBRE DE PAG.ES DACTY LOGRAPHIEES 1965 5 7 REQUEr IN G• DEPA RTMENT Fisheries Research Board TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. 2591 MIN ISTERE•CLIENT NOTRE DOSSIER Pi° ERANCH OR DIVISION Biological Station TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) •14.• DIRECTION OU DIVISION TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) Mr. T.K. Pitt PERSON etEQUESTING St. John's, Nfld. DATE C.OMPLETE p 2 Feb 1970' DEMANDE PAR . ACHEVE LE YO UR NUM BER 769-18-14 UNED:TI:D. DIT:AFT TRANSLATIop VOTRE DOSSIER N° • On:y inforination TRADLIC,i-i'ON NON REVISU . DAT E OF R EQUEST 1209.69 DATE DE LA DEMANDE ...swlement • .FLD 69A CV' DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT r TRANSLATION BUREAU BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION DIVISION .DES LANGUES ÉTRANGÈRES CANADA YOUR NO. DEPARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCH CITY VOTRE N0 ■ Amirriptc DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE 769-18-14 Fisheries Research iological Station St.John's, Nfld. Board OU R NO. LANSUAOE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) DATE NOTRE No LANGUI TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 2951 Russian A .M. FEB - 5 1970 UNEDITED DRAFT TRANSLATION Only i or inIorrnatien TRADUCTION NON REVIS4 Information sot.demere .BIOCOENOSES AND BIOMASS OF BENTHOS ,OF THE•NEWFOUNDLAND LABRADOR REGION K. N. Nesis The shores of. Newfoundland and Labrador were the first parts of the American continent to be seen and visited by Europeans, the Norsemen of Iceland (Bjarne Herjulfson in 985 and Leif Ericson around the year 1000). The discovery of the fishing banks of Newfoundland was, from an economic aspect, the most important result of the voyages of Cabot in 1497 and Cortereal in 1500. The ' exploitation of the riches of the sea preceded.by decades the colonization of the shores. Thus it is, that for several centuries, tens of millions of people have been fed by the cod and haddock of Newfoundland. The abundance of fish in the area is a consequence of the abundance of fish foods, •the chlef of which are the invert,ebrate- animals. Despite *Translator's note: Numbers in the margin refer to the page of the original text. SOS-100..10.»3 4 ' all this, the region of Newfoundland and Labrador has long escaped the attention of marine biologists. Major Zuropean expeditions, ("Challenger", "Princess Alice", "Irondel", •"Mikhaelt Sars" and others), visited the Newfoundland region only in passing. For this reason, exist- ing faunal records in the works of Brunel (1961a), La Rocque (1953), Packard (1867), Verrill (1885) and Whiteaves (1901) encompass sufficiently fully only the fauna of the coastal areas. Only on the benthos of Georges Bank has there been a short paper, by P. Wigley (1961). The fish industry requires knowled ,_?.e of the prod- uctivity of a body of water and, in particular, the cond- ition. of the food base for commercial fish. It is essential also to have detailed knowledge of the hydrological regime, on which the distribution of fish depends to a large exteüt. In the solution of the latter problem, the hydrobiologist can render considerable aid to the hydrologist. The study of the regime of a body of water through the method of biological indicators, constitutes one of the most important problems facing marine biology (Nesis, 1962a). V. Shelford et al (1935) noted. that organisms., and more especially, ecological associations, are the best indicators of hydrological conditions. The author is grateful to I.K. Avilov, A.A. Georgiev, A.A. Elizarov, G.P. Lakharov, O.A. Popova, 3 A.I. Postalakio, V.D. Rvachev, V.P. Serebryakov, I.N. Sidorenko and K.P. Yanulov or the collection of material, L454 for their aid during work at sea and for their advice and consultations. N.M. Miloslavskaya and A.A. Neiman kindy examined the manuscript and submitted valuable directions and remarks. During the identification of fauna the author made use of the dvice of Z.I. Baranova, A.N. Golikovi.E.N. Gruzov, Professor E.F. Guriyanova, G.B. Zevina, Professor A. V. Deanov, V.M. Koltun, O.G. Kusakin,,N.B. Lomakina, D.V. Ntu- mov, F.A. Pasternak, O.A. Skarlato, Ya.I. Starobogatov, Prof,. essor A.A. Strelkov, Professor P.V. Ushakov, V.V. Khlebovich and other fellow workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS . The Soviet bottom fishing industry exploits primarily the regions of Newfoundland and Labrador, northward to 56 . a lesser extent the waters of Nova Scotia and North, to Georges Bank, and makes practically no use of the Western Greenland rogina,For this reason our benthos studies were limited to the Newfoundland-Labrador region. quantitative data were derived by us. from the four- teenth (June - September, 1959) and the seventeenth (June- September, 1960) voyages of the expeditionary ship "Sevas- topol" of the N.M. Knipovich Polar Scientific-Research Ins- titute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography. 4 P Qualitative sampleS from the Sigsbee trawle and fromoommercial-trawls were taken in 1954, and in 1958- 1960 during the voyages of the expeditionary ships "Sevast- . opol","Odessa", and "Novorossiisk", b'y A.D. Starostin, K.P. Yanulov, A.A. Georgiev, I.N. Sidorenko, G.P. -Zakharov and others (Nesis, 1962b). The equipment used to Collect the quantitative samples wap the weighted bottom scoop "0cean-50"; with a grab area of 0.25 JO. Altogether, 163'samples were taken, including 106 Samples collected during the fourteenth •crUise • and 57 during the seventeenth (fig. 1). As a rule, at each station, one s bottom sample was taken, which was then washed through. two'sieves (the bottom one with a.1 mm mesh). The samples were fixed in 4% formalin and weighed by ordinary methods. The'bottoms of the banks from 45 to 1500 metres in depth were studied. The bottom scoop 9 0 cean-50" normally functioned. very well on ailt :and silt-sand. bottoms. Since stones and boulders (ice 'deposits) are frequently encountered at all depths in the Newfoundland region, the bottom scoop did not always obtain a fully useful sample, even frora soft bottOms; stones-were sometimes stuck between the jaws. The bottom scoop worked even worse where the bottom consisted of firm sand and shells. • • ' On stony:groUnd the bottom scoop, at the very best, wauld deltver only a few'stones, so that na quantitative . analysis of the fauna could even be considered. For the determination of the mean biomass we utilized all the quantitative samples. The bottom samples, however, were not all of equal value. The distribution of the observed biomass magnitndes by stations gives a typical logarithmic curve (fig. 2), the greatest number of stations had a biomass of lees than 25 g/m2 , and very few had a high biomass. If however, we consider only those stations at which the bott= scoop took the ground soil well or satisfactorily, we get m different curve, somewhat similar in its left side to the curve of the Poisson distribution. There is a sharp (more than one and one half times) increase in the magnitude of the mean biastass, from 157 to 260 g/m2 . Eliminated •are biomass values of less than 10 g/m2 . At depths of less than 1 km the latter were observed only in those samples for which the bottom scoop functioned poorly. At only very feet stations was the bottom soil well /456 taken and therefore we can only give a sketch of the distrib- ution of the benthos biomass, separating out the areas with a biomass of less than 100 ene and more than l'kg/m2 . The bottom relief, the nature of the bottom and the hydrological conditions of the Newfoundland and Labrador regions have been described in detail (Avilov, Elizarov, 1962; Litvin, Rvachev, 1962; Commercial reports, 1962), and in our work we will not touch upon these questions. 6 • , , _.....„...------------------,- ---_____5D* 45 617 „ .55 ' ! 71.i ° '..° . • 6.5° —,-- . -1 - . ,z,,..- -• \_,, ye,.- 2? 4:1 ', ‘,-,.__ .,.ç ,. 6,,,. m ...,---\ •.. . . s.,:,,, . 9.•e':',:::;,--' ,A 1 , ,..._ .... / , , '••-t \ ---.'" - ., • . 50 .° 1 - - ie.; \ ---: ---. 17\ e - ••...., ...,--... .....' \ i '. i • ' • ? , • , k \,.. .."-- ,.._ _ _ I ., ',,'_ t' • . " I i_ ---.."--..".._ .... , . • . ' ■ 1 e.„1,r.'1)( • -) \■ 4t ,.f.v, , . I --à-, . , \._,-.-•\ ' . , t \ . ,:,.. , ...... ' ■ r--------s.„..,, --. S---. I Î ; - • ' '..'iinii .5S° `-kc', ?. V c • ' • o \ ° .\ • • - 50 n \ br, 100 ri r .-)0.3_ y' ( 1 à'ç'f,Ps c",, \`\ I- '7` ç - — 500 ef...,77 4k .
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