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Self-Study Course #4 Course the Ohio State University College of Dentistry Is a Recognized Provider for ADA CERP Credit

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2017 Self-Study Course #4 Course The Ohio State University College of Dentistry is a recognized provider for ADA CERP credit. ADA CERP is a service of the American Dental Association to assist dental professionals in identifying quality providers of continuing dental education. ADA CERP does not approve or endorse individual courses or instructors, nor does it imply acceptance of credit hours by boards of dentistry. Concerns or complaints about a CE provider may be directed to the provider or to the Commission for Continuing Education Provider Recognition at www.ada.org/cerp. The Ohio State University College of Dentistry is approved by the Ohio State Dental Board as a permanent sponsor of Contact Us: Course Instructions: continuing dental education. This continuing education activity has been planned and implemented in accordance . Read and review the course Phone with the standards of the ADA Continuing materials. Education Recognition Program (ADA 614-292-6737 CERP) through joint efforts between The . Complete the quiz questions. Ohio State University College of Dentistry Answer the 12 question test. A Office of Continuing Dental Education and the Sterilization Monitoring Service (SMS). Toll Free total of 9/12 questions must be 1-888-476-7678 answered correctly for credit. Submit your answers online at: Frequently Asked Fax http://dentistry.osu.edu/sms- continuing-education Questions: 614-292-8752 . Check your email for your CE Q: Who can earn FREE CE credits? certification of completion E-mail (please check your junk/spam A: EVERYONE - All dental [email protected] folder as well). professionals in your office may earn free CE credits. Each person must About SMS CE courses: read the course materials and submit Web an online answer form independently. dentistry.osu.edu/sms TWO CREDIT HOURS are Q: Where can I find my SMS issued for successful number? completion of this self-study course for the OSDB 2016-2017 A: Your SMS number can be found in biennium totals. the upper right hand corner of your monthly reports, or, imprinted on the . CERTIFICATE of back of your test envelopes. The COMPLETION is used to SMS number is the account number document your CE credit and is for your office only, and is the same The Ohio State University emailed to each course for everyone in the office. College of Dentistry participant. Q: How often are these courses . 305 W. 12th Avenue ALLOW 2 WEEKS for available? processing of your certificate. Columbus, OH 43210 A: Four times per year (8 CE credits). 2017 Digital Imaging Course Characteristics and #4 Projection Geometry This is an OSDB Category B – Supervised self-instruction course Written by: Constance Kuntupis, RDH, MA Edited by: Sydney Fisher, BS Digital Radiography has been available for more Nick Kotlar, BS than 25 years now, but it still has not replaced conventional film-based dental radiography Release Date: completely. Conventional dental radiography relies November 13, 2017 on films to record radiographic images. Digital 8:30am EST radiography is a “filmless” imaging system that is used to record radiographic images. When no film is used, no processing chemicals are required. Digital Last Day to Take Course imaging uses an electronic sensor instead of film. Free of Charge: The radiographic image is captured with an December 13, 2017 electronic sensor and appears instantly on a 4:30pm EST computer monitor. The electronic sensor breaks the x-ray image into electronic pieces of information composed of picture elements known as pixels. The digital image can now be presented and stored on a computer. Page 1 How are digital images formed? There are two ways of forming a digital image, direct digital imaging and indirect digital imaging. DIRECT DIGITAL IMAGING includes an x-ray machine and an intraoral sensor that is directly attached to the computer. The CCD (charge coupled device) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) sensors are the two types of digital image receptors available. The receptor or sensor is placed in the mouth of the patient and exposed to x-rays. The sensor captures the radiographic image and sends it to the computer monitor. This radiographic image appears on the computer monitor almost instantly after pushing the exposure button on the x-ray machine. DIRECT DIGITAL XRAY IMAGE WITH CORD INDIRECT DIGITAL IMAGING includes an x-ray machine, a photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) system, a high speed scanner and computer. This type of digital imaging system is a wireless digital radiography system. A reusable photostimulable phosphor imaging plate fits into the patient’s mouth similar to intraoral film. After the plate is exposed to radiation, it converts the x-ray energy into light. This indirect digital radiography system captures images in an analog format like film and then converts the digital data via the scanning INDIRECT DIGITAL XRAYS PSP SYSTEM process. After exposure to x-rays, the phosphor-coated plate is removed from the patient’s mouth and placed in a laser scanning device where a laser scans the plate and produces an image that is transferred to a computer monitor. The radiographic images are then erased or removed from the photostimulable phosphor plates, which are wrapped in a protective barrier, and can be used again. A second method of indirect digital imaging is to scan traditional radiographs with a CCD camera. This method is similar to scanning your photographs and storing them on a computer. This method of indirect digital imaging is inferior to the two methods mentioned earlier because the resultant image is similar to a duplicate radiograph versus an original radiograph. Page 2 Does digital radiography reduce radiation exposure? This can be a challenging question to answer correctly because the answer could be both Yes and No. Less x-ray photons are required to form an image on the digital receptor. The CCD and CMOS sensors require about 50-80% less radiation exposure than conventional film. Some manufacturers claim as much as 90% less radiation exposure when comparing film to digital sensors. The reality, however, is that the reduction is somewhere between 0% and 50%, compared with the current standard of F-speed film. According to a Dutch study, 55% of clinicians using photostimulable phosphor plates and 65% of clinicians using solid-state systems report an increase in the number of radiographs taken as well as retakes due to the ease of remaking an image with a digital system. There is concern from the experts in the field of radiology about the dose reduction claims made by manufacturers. Dental radiographers must be aware of this concern and try very hard not to increase the number of radiographs taken when switching from conventional film-based dental radiography to digital radiography. Are digital images superior to conventional film images? At this time, there are differences regarding image quality and resolution. Resolution refers to the number of line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). Digital manufacturers claim anywhere from 6 to as much as 22 lp/mm. Conventional F-speed film provides at least 20 lp/mm. The human eye is only capable of resolving 8 to 10 lp/mm, so does anthing above 10 lp/mm really matter? No. The truth is both conventional film and digital images are capable of producing diagnostic images. Digital images do, however, have some distinct advantages over film. Page 3 Advantages to Direct Digital Radiography . Exposure Reduction - The charge-coupled device (CCD) requires less radiation to produce an image than traditional film. Digital Imaging reduces patient exposure by more than half. Also there is no need for retakes due to processing errors. Environmentally Friendly - There is no need for film mounts, film, lead foil or any of the hazardous chemicals associated with processing. Instant Image Available - The radiographer and the patient are able to see the digitized image on the computer monitor instantly. Image Enhancement - Images can be enhanced by viewing images in color or with digital subtraction (reversed gray-scale). Images can also be magnified, brightened and the contrast, sharpness and orientation can be altered. Patient Education - Patients are more accustomed to looking at computer screens than little pieces of film. The larger computer monitor and the ability to enhance the image for patient viewing makes it an effective teaching tool. Patients can view their radiograph instantly on the computer monitor and this facilitates communication with the radiographer. Image Storage - Digital images are placed in the patient’s electronic chart and saved on your computer. This also makes them more easily transmittable and reproducible. Images can be electronically transmitted to other dentists and/or specialists without quality loss. Reduced Cost - No more need to purchase film, mounts, processors or processing solutions. Images can also be sent quickly to insurance companies leading to faster reimbursement from dental insurance companies. Disadvantages of Direct Digital Radiography . Sensor Comfort - Patients may complain about the rigidity, thickness or bulkiness of the sensor. This could trigger a gag reflex for some patients. There is also a wire that is connected to the sensor that may be cumbersome for the patient and operator. Initially Expensive - The initial setup cost may be expensive. Infection Control - CCD sensors cannot be sterilized. Plastic sleeve barriers must be used to prevent cross contamination. The sensor and cable must be covered to keep them from coming into contact with saliva. Page 4 Advantages of Indirect Imaging/ Photo-Stimulable Phosphor (PSP) . Patient Friendly - No bulky sensor. The receptor is the same size as film and is pretty flexible. Cordless - This system is cordless, which aides in the placement of the receptor. No change in technique is necessary. Inexpensive - The receptors or “plates” are inexpensive and reusable, however, they must be kept in an infection control barrier because the imaging plate cannot be sterilized.
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