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June 2009 High- performance Computing Ground-breaking knowledge and technology In partnership with: editorial HIGH-PERFORMANCE computing is going to save research oday’s researchers are ‘super-specialists’, far removed from the philosophers and polymaths of the Age of the Enlightenment! T This acute level of specialisation has contributed to the highly technical nature of research, the staggering increase in the number of researchers since 1950 and the exponential rise in the number of publications. The same goes for the research industry: it too has experienced exceptional growth, to the point where it is now highly strategic for a good number of sectors. You’d think this was a sign of good health; however this extreme spe- cialisation has brought about a situation where exchange of informa- tion between researchers is problematic when they don’t belong to the same sub-sub-sub-discipline. Research is now progressing at two different paces. Steadily, with gradual developments, and rapidly, with technological leaps, often carrying over from one field to ano- ther. You can’t reinvent the light bulb by doing research on candles. High-performance computer simulation – this brand new metho- dology which involves reproducing complex three-dimensional, time-dependent phenomena using computers – is a saving grace for our community. Not only does it produce results which would have seemed totally inaccessible thirty years back (some of which are dis- cussed in this special issue) but it has managed to get specialists from various different fields around the same table, reconciling industrial research and university research. A kind of cross-fertilisation is at last taking place between high-performance computing – which hinges on the most recently available ground-breaking fundamental research – and industrial research which is pushing requirements to the extreme limits. Simulation calls for defining, by means of equa- tion (so-called ‘modelling’), the phenomenon under investigation in Numerical simulation executed on CEA(1)’s Tera 10 all its complexity and therefore across all disciplines. supercomputer. Seismic wave Modelling a patient’s radiotherapy treatment, for example, calls propagation. upon nearly all scientific disciplines. Over and above the benefit to patients, it also supports research itself. By Jean-Michel Ghidaglia, Professor at the Cachan Ecole Normale Supérieure, Scientific Director of La Recherche (1) CEA - French Atomic Energy © CEA Commission LA RECHERCHE I HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING I JUNE 2009 3 Contents High- performance Supplement 2 of La Recherche cannot be sold separately from supplement 1 (LR No.432). computing This ‘La Recherche’ magazine supplement has been produced in association with Bull, CEA, Genci, Intel, Inria, Prace and Total. Editorial 3 Sophia Publications 74, avenue du Maine - 75014 Paris - FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 10 10 10 Jean-Michel Ghidaglia Editorial office email: [email protected] To contact a member of the editorial team by phone directly, dial +33 (0)1 44 10, followed by the four digits next to the name. EUROPE 6 SUBSCRIPTIONS / BACK ISSUES / BINDERS Email: [email protected] La Recherche subscription department 22, rue René Boulanger, 75 472 Paris cedex 10 - France Intensive computing 6 Price in France: 1 year, 11 issues, €59.00 High-performance computing is 1 year, 11 issues + 4 supplements, €79.50 International pricing: please contact us. a key technology for Europe Switzerland: Edigroup, (0041) 22 860 84 01 Group interview with Bernard Bigot and Achim Bachem Belgium: Edigroup (0032) 70 233 304 Canada: Express Mag, 8155, rue Larrey, Anjou Québec by Isabelle Bellin HJ2L5 Editor-in-Chief: Aline Richard Scientific Director: Jean-Michel Ghidaglia Technologies 9 Deputy Editor-in-Chief for supplement 2: Isabelle Bellin Europe must finance ‘public-private’ sector partnerships Managing Editor for supplement 2: Sylvie Richardin (!nfokom) Interview with Jean Gonnord Art Director for supplement 2: by Isabelle Bellin Pascal Brachet (!nfokom) Layout Artist for supplement 2: Guylaine Vautier (!nfokom) Production: Christophe Perrusson (13 78) Top 500 10 Partnership Project Manager: Stéphanie Jullien (54 55) Europe is back in the running Sales assistant: Antoine Faure (54 53) Isabelle Bellin Administration and finance director: Dounia Ammor Direct marketing and subscriptions Director: Virginie Marliac (54 49) Marketing Manager: Estelle Castillo (54 51) Distribution (distributors/newsagents): SOLUTION 13 Evelyne Miont (13 80) Management Coordinator: Isabelle Parez (13 60) Accounts: Marie-Françoise Chotard (13 43) Webmaster: Jean-Brice Ouvrier (54 52) 13 ADVERTISING: Le Point Communication Health Head of advertising: Marie Amiel (12 57) High-performance Sales and cultural sector assistant: Françoise Hullot ([email protected]) computing in the fight against cancer 13 Renaud Persiaux La Recherche is published by Sophia Publications, a Financière Tallandier subsidiary. Chairman and Managing Director: Philippe Clerget Does simulation hold the key? 14 Headings, subheadings, presentation texts and captions are written up by the editorial office. The law of March 11, Renaud Persiaux 1957 prohibits copying or reproduction intended for collective use. Any representation or reproduction in full or in part made without the consent of the author, or of his assigns or assignees, is unlawful (article L.122-4 of The brain: from structure the French intellectual property Code). Any duplication must be approved by the French copyright agency (CFC, to function 16 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France. © CEA Dominique Chouchan Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 07 47 70. Fax: +33 (0)1 46 34 67 19). The editor reserves the right to refuse any insert that would be deemed contrary to the moral or material interests of the publication. Modelling the whole human body 17 Supplement 2 of La Recherche Joint commission: Renaud Persiaux 0909 K 85863 ISSN 0029-5671 Printed in Italy by Imprimerie Canale, Via Liguria 24, 10071 Borgaro, Torino. Copyright deposit © 2009 Sophia Publications Seismic risk 18 Seismic simulation: a new approach Marie Schal 4 LA RECHERCHE I HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING I JUNE 2009 Contents Automobile 20 High- Model cars TECHNOLOGIES 42 Marie Schal TECHNOLOGIES 42 Scientific computing goes green performance Groundbreaking 22 Léo Gerat Modelling where you least expect it Dominique Chouchan Grid 46 computing Computers team up 24 Equipment Léo Gerat The megajoule laser, a colossus with feet of glass Xavier Muller Multicore 48 Environment 26 Microchip cores: the race is on! Air quality under surveillance Léo Gerat Dominique Chouchan Hybrid 52 Plasma physics 27 High-performance Simulating nuclear fusion computing: child’s play? Dominique Chouchan Isabelle Bellin © Intel Climate 28 Futur 53 Adapting to the massively parallel Shattering the Petaflops record: Reducing uncertainties in climate change a public-private partnership unique to Europe 53 Renaud Persiaux Sophie Houssiaux and Pierre Leca Pollution control 32 On the road to exaflops 54 Treating water using computers Léo Gerat Renaud Persiaux Infrastructures 56 Oceanography 33 European research Looking into the depths of ocean circulation at the forefront Dominique Chouchan Jane Nicholson Talking point 35 A springboard for tomorrow’s growth Didier Lamouche PORTFOLIO 36 Exploring the sea bed 36 © Intel Xavier Muller Petroleum, supercomputing at all stages 36 The quest for black gold 38 Making seismic echography more reliable 39 Improving refinery 40 Transforming petroleum 41 © TOTAL LA RECHERCHE I HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING I JUNE 2009 5 europe intensive computing Supercomputing is a key technology for Europe In this interview, Bernard Bigot, chairman of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), a major player in France for research, development and innovation, and Achim Bachem, chairman of Teraflops, petaflops, exa- – and mathematical algorithms that allow these physical flops(2)… The capability of models to run on computers. As Professor Bachem says, supercomputers is grow- for some issues, experiments are impossible. I would ing incessantly. High- add that for other fields such as drug design, materials performance computing science, chemistry… experiments are possible but there © CEA Bernard Bigot, (HPC) looks like an end- are too many possible combinations of conditions. And General less worldwide challenge. we already know that the complexity of the phenomena administrator of Why do we need so much we are dealing with will require more and more inten- the French Atomic simulation? Are we forced to go further? sive computing. Energy Commission Achim Bachem: It is not just a race for capability, it (CEA) is a chance to solve the most difficult and complex prob- To what extent is industry involved? lems of our society: climate change, energy, materials B.B.: Many areas of industry are involved to a great science, biology, drug design... Besides theory and experi- extent. Let’s consider nuclear energy: building a new ments, simulation is the third pillar of science. Thanks to nuclear power plant requires complex simulation of heat the current and the next generations of supercomputers, transfer, of neutron flux, of the behavior of materials. we are at the beginning of a new era. Simulation is often For wind energy, simulation is fundamental to manage the only solution in numerous areas where physical the behavior of a network of thousands of wind turbines experiments are impossible, such properly. Issues of safety, economic as climate change
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