The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Past, Present , and Future
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2020 Virtual Commencement Program
HISTORY OF NJIT he New Jersey Institute of Technology that we Under Dr. Allan R. Cullimore, who led the Tknow today has a rich history with its institution from 1920 to 1949, the modest Newark beginnings developing from the industrial age. Technical School was transformed into the Newark Like many of the port cities around the world, the College of Engineering (NCE). Campbell Hall was Newark of the late 19th century was a thriving erected in 1925. During the lean years of the industrial center. Its factories churned out thread, Depression and World War II, only the former metals, paints and leather goods. In Newark, Newark Orphan Asylum, now Eberhardt Hall, was Thomas Edison set the stage at his Ward Street purchased and renovated by the college. factory for his later achievements, and Edison rival Edward Weston established the first factory in the The postwar period was one of enormous activity United States for commercial production of during which President Cullimore — like today’s dynamo electric machines. post-Cold War university presidents — challenged the college to turn “wartime thinking into On March 24, 1880, the Essex County peacetime thinking.” Assemblyman in the state Legislature introduced “An Act to Provide for the Establishment of In 1946, about 75 percent of the freshman class had Schools of Industrial Education.” The Newark served in the armed forces. Robert W. Van Houten Board of Trade sponsored the bill. The Act was acting president of NJIT from 1947 until 1950 established three schools of industrial education: when the board of trustees named him president. one in Newark, one in Trenton and one in Cullimore Hall was built in 1958 and two years Hoboken. -
ECS Classics: Weston, the Weston Cell, and the Volt
ClassicsECS Weston, the Weston Cell, and the Volt by Petr Vanýsek he measurement of electromotive force, potential, or voltage Sharing much of the same enthusiasm as Acheson (ECS Classics, difference has been central to measurements ever since the Interface, 26(1) 36-39), Edison, or Swann (ECS Classics, Interface, Tconcept of potential in electricity was first understood. The 23(4) 38-40), Weston was also interested in lighting equipment. His definition of the volt changed a few times throughout the course of company, among others, won the contract to illuminate the new history and at one point it was even based on electrochemistry, on Brooklyn Bridge. His carbon based light bulb filament made from the so-called Clark cell. The international volt was defined in 1893 Tamidine (reduced nitrocellulose) was used until tungsten was as 1/1.434 electromotive force of the Clark cell. This definition lasted introduced. until 1908. The Clark cells used zinc or zinc amalgam for the anode and Weston was, since his first introduction to electrochemistry in mercury in a saturated aqueous solution of zinc sulfate for a cathode, electroplating, well aware of the need to reliably measure electrical with a paste of mercurous sulfate as a depolarizer. The cell design parameters. Because of this interest, in 1887 he established a had a drawback in a rather significant temperature coefficient and also laboratory making devices for measuring electrical parameters. In the suffered corrosion problems, which were caused by platinum wires process he developed two important alloys, constantan and manganin, that were alloying with the zinc amalgam in the glass envelope. -
Ae Outerbridge, Jr
18 4 ANNUAL REPORT OF BOARD OF MANAGERS. Model of canal boat with screw-propellers; also models of ice-boats and boats with feathering paddle-wheel blades. Models of earliest forms of lattice girder bridges. Sectional model of early beam engine with Watt parallel motion and condenser. Model of locomotive engine, by George Stevenson, I816. Sectional model of side-lever engine. Working models of early forms of stationary engines and locomotives. Models by Eastwick, Harrison, Baldwin, and other inventors, of crank motions and various other portions of engines, such as cylinders, etc. Model of Herman's mechanism for converting rectilinear into rotary motion. Beam engine, by Henry Cartwright, model 1842. Model of first World's Fair premium harrow. Model of Bain's printing telegraph, 1844. Various models and working apparatus of Morse and other inventors in the early history of telegraphy. Model of Oliver Evans's " Oructor Amphibolis." Original Yale lock, 1855. Benjamin Franklin's original electrical machine and various other apparatus used by him. In conclusion, it may be stated that all of the working models have been taken apart, cleaned, repaired by skilled mechanics, and all have been operated. Some of these models are displayed in the Library and lecture-room; many others line the walls of the class-rooms, where they are at all times available for educational purposes. Respectfully submitted, A. E. OUTERBRIDGE, JR., PHILADELPHIA, January 8, 1913. Chairman. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON MEETINGS. To the President and Members of The Franklin Institute: During the year ending September 30, 1912, nine stated meetings of the Institute were held under arrangements made by the Committee on Meetings, with the co-operation of the Secretary's office. -
Electrical Engineering
SCIENCE MUSEUM SOUTH KENSINGTON HANDBOOK OF THE COLLECTIONS ILLUSTRATING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING II. RADIO COMMUNICATION By W. T. O'DEA, B.Sc., A.M.I.E.E. Part I.-History and Development Crown Copyright Reseruea LONDON PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY's STATIONERY OFFICI To be purchued directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICI at the following addre:11ea Adutral Houae, Kinpway, London, W.C.z; no, George Street, Edinburgh:& York Street, Manchester 1 ; 1, St, Andrew'• Cretccnr, Cudi.lf So, Chichester Street, Belfa1t or through any Booueller 1934 Price 2s. 6d. net CONTENTS PAGB PREFACE 5 ELECTROMAGNETI<: WAVF13 7 DETECTORS - I I EARLY WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY EXPERIMENTS 17 THE DEVELOPMENT OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY - 23 THE THERMIONIC vALVE 38 FuRTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN TRANSMISSION 5 I WIRELESS TELEPHONY REcEIVERS 66 TELEVISION (and Picture Telegraphy) 77 MISCELLANEOUS DEVELOPMENTS (Microphones, Loudspeakers, Measure- ment of Wavelength) 83 REFERENCES - 92 INDEX - 93 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE Fig. I. Brookman's Park twin broadcast transmitters -Frontispiece Fig. 2. Hughes' clockwork transmitter and detector, 1878 8 Fig. 3· Original Hertz Apparatus - Fig. 4· Original Hertz Apparatus - Fig. S· Original Hertz Apparatus - 9 Fig. 6. Oscillators and resonators, 1894- 12 Fig. 7· Lodge coherers, 1889-94 - Fig. 8. Magnetic detectors, 1897, 1902 - Fig. 9· Pedersen tikker, 1901 I3 Fig. IO. Original Fleming diode valves, 1904 - Fig. II. Audion, Lieben-Reisz relay, Pliotron - Fig. IZ. Marconi transmitter and receiver, 1896 Fig. IJ. Lodge-Muirhead and Marconi receivers 17 Fig. 14. Marconi's first tuned transmitter, 1899 Fig. IS. 11 Tune A" coil set, 1900 - 20 Fig. 16. Marconi at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, 1901 Fig. -
The Curious Case of U.S. Letters Patent No. 223,898
CHAPTER 5 The Curious Case of U.S. Letters Patent No. 223,898 I have not failed. I’ve just found ten thousand ways that don’t work. —Thomas Edison ho invented the light bulb? This was the topic at hand. Technically, the litigation Wwas between the Edison Electric Light Company and the Mount Morris Electric Light Company, but everyone knew that these were subsidiaries and legal proxies for their parent companies. Even the attorneys litigating this $1 billion case called it simply Edison v. Westinghouse. The issue before them: U.S. Letters Patent No. 223,898, granted to Thomas Edison on January 27, 1880, which described the invention of an “incandescent electric lamp.” Quickly nicknamed the Light Bulb Patent by the press, it was without question the most valuable patent ever granted in the history of the United States. And George Westinghouse was accused of infringing on it. Yet, as Paul Cravath pointed out to his client George Westinghouse, even a problem so simply put might yet admit to many layers of unraveling. In fact, the question hinged on one’s precise definition of the terms involved—“who,” “in- vented,” “the,” and, most importantly, “light bulb.” The first electric lamps had actually been invented almost a cen- tury before, Paul had learned when he’d first begun to research the case. Sir Humphry Davy had publicly demonstrated early “arc lights” in 1809. By attaching a battery to two charcoal sticks, he’d caused a U-shaped thread of electricity to “arc” across the gap between the sticks. The explosion of light was blindingly bright; perfect for light- ing dark outdoor areas, if it could be tamed into safety and reliability. -
How to USE METERS
HOW to USE / ERS by JOHN F. RIDER TV & RADIO Servicing Igh VA 41U/14 -TUBE TRANSMITTER PANLETER 1AfitTER Installation & Repair N. LABORATORY Practice INIUSTRIAL Applications a RIDER pub 1 i c a i i o n t / 3 ¡ "v Z $2.40 How To USE METERS by JOHN F. RIDER JOHN F. RIDER PUBLISHER, INC. 480 Canal Street New York 13, N. Y. First Edition Copyright 1954 by JOHN F. RIDER PUBLISHER, INC. All rights reserved. This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form or in any language without permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 53-9956 Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS 1 Principle and Construction of D -C Moving -Coil Meters . 1 2 Principle and Construction of A -C Meter Movements . 7 3 Adapting Meter Movements for Current and Voltage Measurements 15 4 Adapting Meter Movement for Resistance Measurement . 35 5 Power Measurement and Wattmeters 42 6 Adapting Meters for Audio and Power Frequencies 48 7 Adapting Simple Meters for R-F Measurements 59 8 Multi -Range Instruments and Volt -Ohm Milliammeters . 64 9 Vacuum -Tube Voltmeters and Voltohmmeters 76 10 Applications of Meters 95 11 Applications in Radio Transmitters 149 Index 154 iii PREFACE ow To Use Meters is a practical book. The theoretical aspects of current and voltage measuring devices are held to a minimum in these pages. Here and there some reference is made to theory, but by and large the main theme is expressed by the title of this book. It's purpose is to serve the needs of the electronic maintenance technician, the technician in industrial and electronic laboratories, the radio amateur, the experimenter in electronics, and the men and women who are studying electronics in commercial, academic and military schools - in general all those who have a practical interest in the ap- plication of a -c and d-c voltage and current measuring devices. -