DOCSLIB.ORG

Administrative Impact of Restructured Provincial

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Administrative Impact of Restructured Provincial Vol. 9(4) pp. 34-50, September 2017 DOI: 10.5897/JPAPR2016.0381 Article Number: 9D418C265931 Journal of Public Administration and Policy ISSN 2141-2480 Copyright © 2017 Research Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JPAPR Full Length Research Paper Administrative impact of restructured provincial administration on selected aspects of maintenance of law and order in Kenya in 2010 to 2014: A case study of Bomet county Josphat Safari Mutisya1*, Moses Mpuria Kindiki2 and Ambrose Kipkering Rono1 1School of Arts and Social Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Nairobi, Kenya. 2Department of Social Studies, Maasai Mara University, P. O. Box 2899-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Received 18 May, 2017; Accepted 13 July, 2017 The aim of this study is to investigate the administrative impact of Restructured Provincial Administration (RPA) as independent variable on maintenance of law and order as dependent variable in Bomet County, Kenya from 2010 to 2014. Based on the theory of new-institutionalism, it focused on four selected aspects of maintenance of law and order measured from 2006 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2014, namely analysis of the nature and causes of crimes committed, the frequency of joint security operations on illicit brews and reasons for not conducting them, the duration of response to scenes of crimes and why and the frequency of security committees meetings and what informed them. It employed a descriptive survey design that targeted 223 respondents with a sample size of 143 from four security agencies purposively chosen namely the National Administration, the Kenya Police Service, the Administration Police Service and the National Intelligence Service. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analysis of written records. The study argues that the RPA had significant negative administrative consequences on the selected aspects in 2010 to 2014 compared to the period before. It contributed to increased personal, property and statutory crimes, the frequency of joint security operations on illicit brews dropped from weekly basis to monthly and need basis, the duration of response to scenes of crimes increased from minutes to hours, and that the frequency of security committees meetings increased to weekly and need basis from monthly and need basis. This negative administrative impact on the selected aspects is attributed to the changed command structure in the RPA, independent security institutions, inadequate resources and entry of County government of Bomet in 2013. The government should consider restructuring the four security agencies to streamline the command structure to enhance enforcement and coordination, establish a clear law and policy on liquor that is universal to all Counties to streamline joint operations on illicit brews, avail adequate resources to enhance response to scenes of crimes and fully operationalize Article 239 (5) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 to empower security committees. Key words: Administrative impact, restructured provincial administration (RPA), maintenance of law and order, selected aspects, security agencies, periods 2006 to 2010 and 2010 to 2014, Bomet County. INTRODUCTION Public administration in common practice refers to the organization and operations of the executive branch of Mutisya et al. 35 government (Sahni and Vayunandan, 2012). It of government that adheres to the rule of law and good constitutes the public service that implements governance (Republic of Kenya, 2014b). These reforms government policies. According to Ranney (1993), it is include the 1997 Inter- Parties Parliamentary Group the obligation of any government to ensure security of its (IPPG) resolutions, the Governance, Justice, Law and people and property and enhance socio-economic and Order Sector (GJLOS) reforms of 2002, and the new political development. To achieve this objective, all Constitution of Kenya, 2010 that required restructuring of nations whatever their system of government have a the Provincial Administration to align it with the County bureaucracy responsible for the administration of the governments. internal affairs of the state and whose role and status are Restructuring of the PA is a new phenomenon in not political (ECA, 2010). Kenya, and has been implemented in 2010 to 2014, Kenya at independence in 1963 inherited a system of pursuant to Section 17 of the Sixth Schedule of the administration called Provincial Administration (PA) from Constitution of Kenya, 2010. However, the meaning and the British colonial government. It was a ‘top down’ scope of restructuring the PA elicited a lot of public system of administration with its headquarters at the debate because of different interpretations given to it by Office of the President and cascaded to all parts of the various interested parties. country. It comprised of the Provincial Commissioner Some of these parties include the new County heading a province, the District Commissioner heading a governments, the National Police Service with the Kenya district, the District Officer heading a division, the Chief Police Service and the Administration Police Service, the and the Assistant Chief heading a location and a sub defunct Provincial Administration and the general public. location respectively, up to the village elders (Bagaka, Some interpreted it to mean ‘scrapping’, ‘abolition’ or 2011; Republic of Kenya, 2014a) A key function of the ‘disbanding’ Provincial Administration. Others held the Provincial Administration before and after independence view that restructuring entails re-organizing the Provincial was maintenance of law and order. Administraton to place it under the County government so The structure of the PA also comprised of other that provincial administrators report directly to the security agents namely the Administration Police (AP), Governors to avoid a situation of parallel system of the Kenya Police (KP) and the Special Branch. These administration at the County level. were the enforcement wing of the Provincial Others interpreted that restructuring involved re- Administration. The Kenya Police structure followed that organization of the PA in terms of its functions, of the PA from top to bottom, while the Administration administrative procedures, institutional, policy and Police worked under the direct command of the provincial legislative frameworks. This group supports the retention administrators. This was provided for in the of the PA but with reforms of the institution. The fact that Administration Police Act Chapter 85 Laws of Kenya and the new constitution does not define the parameters of the Chiefs Authority Act Chapter 128, both of which are restructuring the PA explains why there are many repealed. According to Mbuba and Mugambi (2011), interpretations (Republic of Kenya, 2015b, c). these agencies worked as one intact team in Bomet County pursued the interpretation that implementing security matters under the District Security restructuring entails re-organizing the Provincial Intelligence Committee (DSIC) chaired by the District Administraton to place it under the County government so Commissioner. The armed wing executed the decisions that provincial administrators report directly to the of the DSIC without citing operational independence. Governor to avoid a situation of parallel system of As personal representatives of the President at the administration at the County level. local levels, the provincial administrators exercised This interpretation was more pronounced in the County upward accountability as they followed orders of their than in any other part of the country because of the fact seniors without question even when those orders were that Bomet County was the first one to host the Chairman detrimental to the public interest. The executive exploited of the Council of Governors for two years consecutively in this upward accountability mechanism for political 2013 to 2015. It was also favoured by the new police reasons especially during the one party, Kenya African services, which argued that the new constitution has set National Union (KANU) rule in Kenya. Consequently, the them independent of the Provincial Administration. institution was regarded as repressive and unresponsive The management and coordination of security and to peoples’ needs and advancing bad governance other national government functions were increasingly (Bagaka, 2011). constrained by the politics of devolution in Bomet County However, institutional reforms have been implemented which, apparently was indifferent to the PA in its over the years to transform the PA to an effective agency restructured form and the security agencies also seemed *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License 36 J. Public Adm. Policy Res. entrenched in the confusion. to have limited capacity for institutional design and reform According to reports from the Bomet County and in particular for achieving intended effects of re- Commissioner’s office (2013), the Chiefs were reporting organization. However, Lufunyo (2013) argue that in any that the APs had refused to take orders from them, citing society, public sector reforms on service delivery keep on their operational independence from the new changing based on the circumstances at hand and the constitutional order. The working relationship among the goal to be achieved with those
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Study of Ipoa Investigations Into Deaths Resulting from Police Action
    STRENGTHENING POLICING OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS IN KENYA STUDY OF IPOA INVESTIGATIONS INTO DEATHS RESULTING FROM POLICE ACTION Thomas Probert, Brian Kimari, Mutuma Ruteere STRENGTHENING POLICING OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS IN KENYA STUDY OF IPOA INVESTIGATIONS INTO DEATHS RESULTING FROM POLICE ACTION Thomas Probert, Brian Kimari, Mutuma Ruteere This publication was produced with financial assistance from the European Union. © Centre for Human Rights and Policy Studies October 2020 The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, nor do they necessarily reflect those of APCOF, the IPOA, CHRIPS, DIHR, or the Centre for Human Rights. ISBN 978-1-928332-66-4 The material in this manual may be used, as long as the source is acknowledged. Designed, typeset and proofread by COMPRESS.dsl | www.compressdsl.com Contents Acknowledgements 2 Acronyms and abbreviations 3 Executive summary 4 Introduction 5 Background of IPOA 5 Methodology 6 Stakeholder perceptions of deaths as a result of police action in Kenya 8 How are the deaths perceived in affected communities? 8 Popular explanation for police violence and killings 11 Framework for the use of force by the Kenyan police and its oversight 14 Legal framework for the use of force by the police 14 Use of force by other law enforcement officials 18 Broader framework of police oversight and accountability 19 IPOA’s mandate to investigate and the scale of the problem 22 IPOA’s mandate to investigate 23 Initiation of investigations 24 Reporting on the scale of the problem 26 Conclusion 31 Further Reading 33 Study of IPOA investigations into deaths resulting from police action 1 Acknowledgements This report was written by researchers from the Centre for Human Rights and Policy Studies (CHRIPS) and the Centre for Human Rights (University of Pretoria).
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of On-The-Job Training on Performance of the Kenya Police Service
    IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 19, Issue 9. Ver. VII. (September. 2017), PP 64-71 www.iosrjournals.org Effect of on-The-Job Training on Performance of the Kenya Police Service 1Peter MburuMaina, 2Paul Waithaka PhD 1,2Department of Business Administration Kenyatta University Corresponding Author: Prof. Ramola Premalatha ABSTRACT: The Kenyan government has been carrying out public service reforms focusing on streamlining the Kenya Police Service and putting in place interventions to enhance efficiency in the service. A review of the police training curriculum was part of the police reform agenda aimed at professionalizing the Kenya Police Service. That notwithstanding, police performance has been currently wanting as evidenced by rise in crime rates in the country, complaints against police and use of unnecessary force in performance of duties. Organisations have capitalized on training in order to increase their human capital skills and competencies. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of on-the-job training on performance of police officers in Kenya Police Service. A population of 85 serving police officers and 47197 households were used in the study. A census was conducted on 85 serving police officers in Imenti South Police Division while a sample of 100 households was considered for the study. Two semi-structured questionnaires were used for collection of data. Collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate descriptive and inferential statistics which were presented using tables. The influence of on-the-job training on performance of police officers in the Kenya Police Service was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Policy Brief on the Proposed Ammendments in the Criminal
    PROPOSED AMENDMENTS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM A POLICY BRIEF KENYA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION 1ST MAY, 2020 ISBN: 978-9966-1881-0-6 Published by Kenya Human Rights Commission P.O Box 41079-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @thekhrc Facebook: Kenya Human Rights Commission Website: www.khrc.or.ke ©2020 Kenya Human Rights Commission PROPOSED AMENDMENTS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS: A POLICY BRIEF BY KENYA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION 1st MAY 2020 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4 FOREWORD 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 CHAPTER ONE 8 1. BACKGROUND 8 1.1 A Brief on the Colonial Origins of the Police in Kenya 8 1.2 A Brief on the Colonial Origins of the Penal and Criminal Procedure Code 9 1.3 The NCAJ Criminal Justice Audit Report 11 CHAPTER TWO 14 2. Objectives of this Policy Brief 14 2.1 General Scope 14 CHAPTER THREE 15 3. Offences Requiring Review 15 3.1 Drunkness 15 3.2 Legal Provisions in Issue 15 3.3 Observation and Justification 15 3.4 Policy Proposal 16 CHAPTER FOUR 17 4. Nuisances Offences 17 4.2 Observation and Justification 17 4.3 Policy Proposal 18 CHAPTER FIVE 19 5. Sexual Offences And Special Groups- Intersex Persons 19 5.1 Legal Provisions in Issue 19 5.2 Policy Proposal 20 CHAPTER SIX 22 6. Gross Breaches of Rights and Freedoms arising from Police and Policing Agencies Conduct 22 6.1 Torture, Unlawful use of force, Unlawful Lethal use of firearms, Enforced Disappearance and Death in Police Custody 22 6.2 Observation and Justification 22 PROPOSED AMENDMENTS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: A POLICY BRIEF 6.3 Policy Proposal 23 6.4 Unlawful arrests and Detention resulting in false imprisonment 24 6.5 Observation and Justification 25 6.6 Policy Proposals 28 6.7 Violations During Deployment And Policing Operations 29 6.7.1 Observation and Justification 30 6.7.2 Policy Proposals 31 CHAPTER SEVEN 33 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanctions As a Tool for Asset Recovery: Kenya
    SANCTIONS AS A TOOL FOR ASSET RECOVERY: KENYA CIFAR RESEARCH PAPER CIFAR.EU KEY MESSAGES • Kenya has been relatively successful in recent years in concluding modest asset recovery agreements and has shifted its strategy from purely pursuing corruption prosecutions and convictions to also tracing and locating the proceeds of corruption. • The UK, the EU and the US have sanctioned several Kenyan nationals and residents of Kenya on the grounds of support for terrorism and corrupt conduct. • Sanctions imposed by other countries have though been portrayed within Kenya as politically motivated and designed to preserve geopolitical or business advantage. • The use of Magnitsky-style, ‘smart’ sanctions may present some advantages and opportunities in Kenya, especially in tackling past cases. • Care needs to be taken when imposing these international sanctions that they address primarily cases where national progress is stalled. Extensive communication with a wide range of Kenyan stakeholders during the process is recommended. Paper prepared by Mr. Vaclav Prusa for the Civil Forum for Asset Recovery e.V. (CiFAR). The author has made reasonable steps to ensure that the content is accurate. The views, opinions and evidence presented in this paper are the sole responsibility of the author. Published: 2020, CiFAR – Civil Forum for Asset Recovery e.V. CiFAR – Civil Forum for Asset Recovery e.V. Köpenicker Str. 147, Berlin, Germany, cifar.eu Cover picture: provided by Pixabay through a Pixabay Licence for free commercial usage without attribution.. 1 ASSET RECOVERY AND ANTI-CORRUPTION FRAMEWORK decisively contributed to the effectivity and CORRUPTION OVERVIEW effectiveness of the institution.4 Kenya remains a high-risk country for THE KENYAN PUBLIC IS IN GENERAL HIGHLY corruption at all levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2013/2014
    COMPETITION AUTHORITY OF KENYA THE COMPETITION AUTHORITY OF KENYA ANNUAL REPORT 2013/2014 Table of Contents Part I Annual Report 2013/2014 CORPORATE INFORMATION iv PREAMBLE v Vision 1 Mission 1 Motto 1 Core Values 1 Mandate 1 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 3 The Board 4 Role of the Board 8 Board Meetings 8 Technical and Strategy Committee 9 Human Resources Committee 9 Audit and Risk Management Committee 9 Finance Committee 9 Senior Management 10 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 13 DIRECTOR GENERAL’S STATEMENT 16 Introduction 16 Mergers and Acquisitions Department 19 Enforcement and Compliance Department 22 Consumer Affairs Department 25 Human Capital and Infrastructure Development 38 Legal Department 43 i Communications and External Relations 45 ICT Unit 47 Procurement Unit 47 Internal Audit and Risk Management 48 Finance Department 49 Challenges 49 Way Forward 50 Conclusion 51 Part II Financial Statements for the year 2013/2014 52 Statement of the Directors’ Responsibility 53 Report of the Independent Auditor-General 54 Statement of Financial Position 56 Statement of Financial Performance 57 Statement of Changes in Net Assets 58 Statement of Cashflows 59 Statement of Comparison of Budgets and Actual Amounts 60 Notes to the Financial Statements 61 Annexes 74 ANNEX 1: Merger Notifications 74 ANNEX 2: Advisory Opinions 84 ANNEX 3: Enforcement and Compliance and Consumer Affairs Cases 86 ANNEX 4: Summary of Consumer Affairs Cases 89 ii PART I ANNUAL REPORT 2013/2014 iii Corporate Information Physical Address: Kenya Railways HQs Block ‘D’, Ground Floor, Workshop Road off Haile Selassie Avenue, P.O Box 36265 – 00200, NAIROBI, Kenya. Tel:+254-20-2628233 Website: www.cak.go.ke Email: [email protected] Auditors: Auditor General, Kenya National Audit Office, Anniversary Towers, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Human Rights Violations by Law Enforcement Agencies During Counterterrorism Operations in Kenya and Uganda
    b PREVENTING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES DURING COUNTERTERRORISM OPERATIONS IN KENYA AND UGANDA By EMMANUEL OKURUT Student number: 12258122 Thesis submitted partial in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Laws in the Faculty of Law at the University of Pretoria Supervisor Prof Magnus Killander November 2017 DECLARATION I, Emmanuel Okurut, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted at any other university for a degree. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to dedicate this thesis to my parents, Prof Francis N Okurut & Mrs Leah M Okurut and my family for the support and encouragement they have given me throughout this long journey. I am eternally grateful to my parents who have gladly supported me financially and emotionally throughout my academic pursuits. You have always taught me to aspire for excellence and I know I have made you proud with this monumental achievement. To my sisters Esther Tino Ochieng, Apolot Joy Christine Musiime, Julie Adeke, Hope Chodry, Grace Acam and Rachel Kedi, you are such a blessing. It has certainly not been a smooth ride and many times I felt that I could not take it anymore. However, your kind words and advice encouraged me to keep working against all odds. I would also like to acknowledge my wife, Lorraine Mulalo Makhado for the support she has given me. You have always encouraged me to keep pursuing my dreams and you keep pushing me to be better in everything I do.
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting Political Development After United States Military Assistance: Evidence from Case Study Analysis
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Summer 2020 Predicting Political Development after United States Military Assistance: Evidence from Case Study Analysis Susan Rae Alaniz Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Alaniz, Susan Rae, "Predicting Political Development after United States Military Assistance: Evidence from Case Study Analysis" (2020). Dissertations. 1824. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1824 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PREDICTING POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AFTER UNITED STATES MILITARY ASSISTANCE: EVIDENCE FROM CASE STUDY ANALYSIS by Susan Rae Alaniz A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School, the College of Arts and Sciences and the School of Social Science and Global Studies at The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved by: Dr. Robert J. Pauly, Jr., Committee Chair Dr. Joseph J. St Marie Dr. Tom Lansford Dr. Edward Sayre August 2020 COPYRIGHT BY Susan Rae Alaniz 2020 Published by the Graduate School ABSTRACT During the administration of former President Barack Obama, United States foreign policy increased its focus on international development instability that threatened U.S. national security. In 2010, President Obama issued Presidential Policy Directive 6, which declared that international development is a vital U.S. national interest. This was a watershed moment for not just how the United States views its national interests, but in which resources should be dedicated to protect them.
    [Show full text]
  • Profiling Money Laundering in Eastern and Southern Africa
    List of Tables - Profiling Money Laundering in Eastern and Sout... file:///Users/mbadenhorst/Documents/websites/iss/pubs/Monogr... LIST OF TABLES Published in Monograph No 90, December 2003 Profiling Money Laundering in Eastern and Southern Africa Edited by Charles Goredema CHAPTER 3 Table 1 The two typologies in terms of environment, qualities and variables Table 2 Unauthorised expenditure in government departments 1999–2000 (in million $) Table 3 Companies contracted to import maize Table 4 Over-invoicing of imports into Taznania from the UK Table 5 Under-invoicing of exports from Tanzania into the UK CHAPTER 4 Appendix A Suspicious transactions reported to the SAPS 1997–2001 CHAPTER 5 1 of 2 2011/03/02 2:39 PM List of Tables - Profiling Money Laundering in Eastern and Sout... file:///Users/mbadenhorst/Documents/websites/iss/pubs/Monogr... Table 1 Spot sale contract between Pattni and Central Bank of Kenya CHAPTER 8 Table 1 Amounts in US$ millions Figures Figure 1 Where is the money? Figure 2 Outgoing and incoming money laundering circle 2 of 2 2011/03/02 2:39 PM 6 Profiling Money Laundering in Eastern and Southern Africa ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AML anti-money laundering BOT Bank of Tanzania BWP Botswana pula CAG Controller and Auditor-General CCU Commercial Crimes Unit CFT combating the financing of terrorism CHIPS Clearing House Interbank Payments System CRDB Co-operative Rural Development Bank DRC Democratic Republic of Congo ESAAMLG Eastern and Southern African Anti-money Laundering Group FATF Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
    [Show full text]
  • Global Corruption Report 2007
    GLOBAL CORRUPTION REPORT 2007 Corruption in Judicial Systems Transparency International’s Global Corruption Report 2007 brings together scholars, legal profes- sionals and civil society activists from around the world to examine how, why and where cor- ruption mars judicial processes, and to reflect on remedies for corruption-tainted systems. It focuses on judges and courts, situating them within the broader justice system and exploring the impact of judicial corruption on human rights, economic development and governance. Two problems are analysed: political interference to pressure judges for rulings in favour of political or economic interests, including in corruption cases; and petty bribery involving court personnel. The result is a thorough analysis of how judicial independence and judicial accountability, two concepts key to the promotion of judicial integrity, can be bolstered to tackle corruption in judicial systems. Included are thirty-seven country case studies; recommendations for judges, political powers, prosecutors, lawyers and civil society; and sixteen empirical studies of corruption in various sectors, including the judiciary. Transparency International (TI) is the civil society organisation leading the global fight against corruption. Through more than ninety chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, Germany, TI raises awareness of the damaging effects of corruption, and works with partners in government, business and civil society to develop and implement effective measures to tackle it. For more information go to: www.transparency.org Global Corruption Report 2007 TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521700702 © Transparency International 2007 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Murder She Wrote: Reading Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor's
    MURDER SHE WROTE: READING YVONNE ADHIAMBO OWUOR’S DUST AS FEMINIST POSTCOLONIAL CRIME FICTION by Maryanne Wairimũ Mũrĩithi Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in the Department of English at the UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SUPERVISOR: Dr. Nedine Moonsamy December 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA FACULTY OF HUMANITIES RESEARCH PROPOSAL & ETHICS COMMITTEE DECLARATION Full name: Maryanne Wairimũ Mũrĩithi Student number: 13240715 Degree/Qualification: MA Title of thesis: Murder She Wrote: Reading Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor’s Dust as Postcolonial Crime Fiction I declare that this mini-dissertation is my own original work. Where secondary material is used, this has been carefully acknowledged and referenced in accordance with university requirements. I understand what plagiarism is and am aware of university policy and implications in this regard. th 4 December 2018 Signature Date ResPEthics Documentation NE 46/04 05/2004 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Nedine Moonsamy, for her support and guidance, as well as the integral role she played in the creation, reimagination and refinement of my thesis. I would like to thank Dr. Keguro Macharia for the invaluable archives on his blog, Gukira, the kindness and support he has provided throughout the process, and for the way he challenges me to keep up ethical citation and engagement praxes in my work. I would like to thank my parents, my godmother, and my brother, Matu Mũrĩithi, for their frequent calls and text messages checking in on me, even as they readily admit they are never quite sure what I am studying.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assesment of the Enforcement of Minimum Wage Legislation in Kenya
    AN ASSESMENT OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF MINIMUM WAGE LEGISLATION IN KENYA THUITA ERIC MWANGI 078302 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Laws Degree, Strathmore University Law School. MARCH 2017 AN ASSESMENT OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF MINIMUM WAGE LEGISLATION IN KENYA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Laws Degree, Strathmore University Law School. By THUITA ERIC MWANGI 078302 Prepeared under the supervision of MR. ALLAN MUKUKI MARCH, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. v DECLARATION .................................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM ................................................................................... 3 1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Inter)Textuality in Contemporary Kenyan Popular Music
    "READING THE REFERENTS": (INTER)TEXTUALITY IN CONTEMPORARY KENYAN POPULAR MUSIC Joyce Wambũi Nyairo A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2004 Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own unaided work. It is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted for any other degree or examination in any other university. ___________________________ Joyce Wambũi Nyairo Fifth day of October, 2004. i Abstract This study explores the meaning of contemporary Kenyan popular music by undertaking literary interpretations of song lyrics and musical styles. In making these interpretations, the fabric of popular song is shown to be a network of referents and associations with texts situated both within and outside of the song-texts. As polyphonic discourse, these vast range of textual and paratextual referents opens up various points of engagement between artiste, songtext and audience and in the process, the surplus meanings generated by both the poetry of the text and the referents embedded within it account for the significance of popular songs as concrete articulations that mediate the realities of modern Kenya. Through the six chapters that make up the core of the study we see the mini-dramas that are played out in the material conditions within which the songs are produced; in the iconographies that are generated by artistes' stage names and album titles; in the strategies of memory work that connect present-day realities to old cultural practices; in the soundtracks of urban spaces and in those of domesticated global cultural trends and finally, in the mediation of the antinomies surrounding the metanarrative of the nation and the realization of political transition.
    [Show full text]