Role of DSCAM in the Development of Neural Control of Movement and Locomotion
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Multifactorial Erβ and NOTCH1 Control of Squamous Differentiation and Cancer
Multifactorial ERβ and NOTCH1 control of squamous differentiation and cancer Yang Sui Brooks, … , Karine Lefort, G. Paolo Dotto J Clin Invest. 2014;124(5):2260-2276. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI72718. Research Article Oncology Downmodulation or loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding NOTCH1 are associated with dysfunctional squamous cell differentiation and development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in skin and internal organs. While NOTCH1 receptor activation has been well characterized, little is known about how NOTCH1 gene transcription is regulated. Using bioinformatics and functional screening approaches, we identified several regulators of the NOTCH1 gene in keratinocytes, with the transcription factors DLX5 and EGR3 and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) directly controlling its expression in differentiation. DLX5 and ERG3 are required for RNA polymerase II (PolII) recruitment to the NOTCH1 locus, while ERβ controls NOTCH1 transcription through RNA PolII pause release. Expression of several identified NOTCH1 regulators, including ERβ, is frequently compromised in skin, head and neck, and lung SCCs and SCC-derived cell lines. Furthermore, a keratinocyte ERβ–dependent program of gene expression is subverted in SCCs from various body sites, and there are consistent differences in mutation and gene-expression signatures of head and neck and lung SCCs in female versus male patients. Experimentally increased ERβ expression or treatment with ERβ agonists inhibited proliferation of SCC cells and promoted NOTCH1 expression and squamous differentiation both in vitro and in mouse xenotransplants. Our data identify a link between transcriptional control of NOTCH1 expression and the estrogen response in keratinocytes, with implications for differentiation therapy of squamous cancer. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/72718/pdf Research article Multifactorial ERβ and NOTCH1 control of squamous differentiation and cancer Yang Sui Brooks,1,2 Paola Ostano,3 Seung-Hee Jo,1,2 Jun Dai,1,2 Spiro Getsios,4 Piotr Dziunycz,5 Günther F.L. -
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary Materials: Supplemental Table 1 Abbreviations FMDV Foot and Mouth Disease Virus FMD Foot and Mouth Disease NC Non-treated Control DEGs Differentially Expressed Genes RNA-seq High-throughput Sequencing of Mrna RT-qPCR Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcriptase PCR TCID50 50% Tissue Culture Infective Doses CPE Cytopathic Effect MOI Multiplicity of Infection DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium FBS Fetal Bovine Serum PBS Phosphate Buffer Saline QC Quality Control FPKM Fragments per Kilo bases per Million fragments method GO Gene Ontology KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes R Pearson Correlation Coefficient NFKBIA NF-kappa-B Inhibitor alpha IL6 Interleukin 6 CCL4 C-C motif Chemokine 4 CXCL2 C-X-C motif Chemokine 2 TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor VEGFA Vascular Endothelial Growth Gactor A CCL20 C-C motif Chemokine 20 CSF2 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 2 GADD45B Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Inducible 45 beta MYC Myc proto-oncogene protein FOS Proto-oncogene c-Fos MCL1 Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 MAP3K14 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 IRF1 Interferon regulatory factor 1 CCL5 C-C motif chemokine 5 ZBTB3 Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 3 OTX1 Orthodenticle homeobox 1 TXNIP Thioredoxin-interacting protein ZNF180 Znc Finger Protein 180 ZNF36 Znc Finger Protein 36 ZNF182 Zinc finger protein 182 GINS3 GINS complex subunit 3 KLF15 Kruppel-like factor 15 Supplemental Table 2 Primers for Verification of RNA-seq-detected DEGs with RT-qPCR TNF F: CGACTCAGTGCCGAGATCAA R: -
IN the NEWS Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule
0031-3998/07/6201-0001 Vol. 62, No. 1, 2007 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Printed in U.S.A. SCIENCE – IN THE NEWS Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule – A Common Determinant of Brain and Heart Wiring the murine model, Drosophila Dscam has been shown to play own Syndrome (DS), the most common cause of mental a role in axon guidance (4) The brains of Dscam1 and Dscam2 D retardation, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence mutants show regional patterns of disorganization most likely of either all or part of an extra human chromosome 21 due to defective neural wiring during development (4,5). (HSA21) (1). Phenotypic traits commonly associated with DS Collectively, these investigations provide evidence for a include congenital heart disease, short stature, decreased mus- common factor involved in disruption of brain and heart cle tone, and hearing loss. DS patients also show an increased wiring. Understanding the mechanisms and factors that link risk of developing leukemia or early onset Alzheimer disease. these genetic defects to their ultimate phenotype will help Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM) is an scientists develop targeted therapies that prevent the disorders HSA21 axon guidance molecule involved in the development associated with DS. This line of investigation, spanning from of the nervous system (2). Drosophila to mouse and ultimately to humans, provides the In murine models of DS, the DSCAM homologue is ex- promise of novel treatment strategies in the future. – Julia pressed in adult and embryonic brain and heart where it Baumann modulates inter-cell connections (1). In mouse brain, three copies of DSCAM result in an overexpression of the protein, which contributes to a severe disorganization of dendritic REFERENCES spines. -
Containing Interneurons in Hippocampus of a Murine
RESEARCH ARTICLE Emergence of non-canonical parvalbumin- containing interneurons in hippocampus of a murine model of type I lissencephaly Tyler G Ekins1,2, Vivek Mahadevan1, Yajun Zhang1, James A D’Amour1,3, Gu¨ lcan Akgu¨ l1, Timothy J Petros1, Chris J McBain1* 1Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States; 2NIH-Brown University Graduate Partnership Program, Providence, United States; 3Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, United States Abstract Type I lissencephaly is a neuronal migration disorder caused by haploinsuffiency of the PAFAH1B1 (mouse: Pafah1b1) gene and is characterized by brain malformation, developmental delays, and epilepsy. Here, we investigate the impact of Pafah1b1 mutation on the cellular migration, morphophysiology, microcircuitry, and transcriptomics of mouse hippocampal CA1 parvalbumin-containing inhibitory interneurons (PV+INTs). We find that WT PV+INTs consist of two physiological subtypes (80% fast-spiking (FS), 20% non-fast-spiking (NFS)) and four morphological subtypes. We find that cell-autonomous mutations within interneurons disrupts morphophysiological development of PV+INTs and results in the emergence of a non-canonical ‘intermediate spiking (IS)’ subset of PV+INTs. We also find that now dominant IS/NFS cells are prone to entering depolarization block, causing them to temporarily lose the ability to initiate action potentials and control network excitation, potentially promoting seizures. Finally, single-cell nuclear RNAsequencing of PV+INTs revealed several misregulated genes related to morphogenesis, cellular excitability, and synapse formation. *For correspondence: [email protected] Competing interests: The Introduction authors declare that no Excitation in neocortical and hippocampal circuits is balanced by a relatively small (10–15%) yet competing interests exist. -
De Novo POGZ Mutations in Sporadic
Matsumura et al. Journal of Molecular Psychiatry (2016) 4:1 DOI 10.1186/s40303-016-0016-x SHORT REPORT Open Access De novo POGZ mutations in sporadic autism disrupt the DNA-binding activity of POGZ Kensuke Matsumura1, Takanobu Nakazawa2*, Kazuki Nagayasu2, Nanaka Gotoda-Nishimura1, Atsushi Kasai1, Atsuko Hayata-Takano1, Norihito Shintani1, Hidenaga Yamamori3, Yuka Yasuda3, Ryota Hashimoto3,4 and Hitoshi Hashimoto1,2,4 Abstract Background: A spontaneous de novo mutation is a new mutation appeared in a child that neither the parent carries. Recent studies suggest that recurrent de novo loss-of-function mutations identified in patients with sporadic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) play a key role in the etiology of the disorder. POGZ is one of the most recurrently mutated genes in ASD patients. Our laboratory and other groups have recently found that POGZ has at least 18 independent de novo possible loss-of-function mutations. Despite the apparent importance, these mutations have never previously been assessed via functional analysis. Methods: Using wild-type, the Q1042R-mutated, and R1008X-mutated POGZ, we performed DNA-binding experiments for proteins that used the CENP-B box sequence in vitro. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests. Results: This study reveals that ASD-associated de novo mutations (Q1042R and R1008X) in the POGZ disrupt its DNA-binding activity. Conclusions: Here, we report the first functional characterization of de novo POGZ mutations identified in sporadic ASD cases. These findings provide important insights into the cellular basis of ASD. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, Recurrent mutation, De novo mutation, POGZ, DNA-binding activity Background including CHD8, ARID1B, SYNGAP1, DYRK1A, SCN2A, The genetic etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ANK2, ADNP, DSCAM, CHD2, KDM5B, SUV420H1, remains poorly understood. -
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis of KRAS Mutant Cell Lines Ben Yi Tew1,5, Joel K
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of KRAS mutant cell lines Ben Yi Tew1,5, Joel K. Durand2,5, Kirsten L. Bryant2, Tikvah K. Hayes2, Sen Peng3, Nhan L. Tran4, Gerald C. Gooden1, David N. Buckley1, Channing J. Der2, Albert S. Baldwin2 ✉ & Bodour Salhia1 ✉ Oncogenic RAS mutations are associated with DNA methylation changes that alter gene expression to drive cancer. Recent studies suggest that DNA methylation changes may be stochastic in nature, while other groups propose distinct signaling pathways responsible for aberrant methylation. Better understanding of DNA methylation events associated with oncogenic KRAS expression could enhance therapeutic approaches. Here we analyzed the basal CpG methylation of 11 KRAS-mutant and dependent pancreatic cancer cell lines and observed strikingly similar methylation patterns. KRAS knockdown resulted in unique methylation changes with limited overlap between each cell line. In KRAS-mutant Pa16C pancreatic cancer cells, while KRAS knockdown resulted in over 8,000 diferentially methylated (DM) CpGs, treatment with the ERK1/2-selective inhibitor SCH772984 showed less than 40 DM CpGs, suggesting that ERK is not a broadly active driver of KRAS-associated DNA methylation. KRAS G12V overexpression in an isogenic lung model reveals >50,600 DM CpGs compared to non-transformed controls. In lung and pancreatic cells, gene ontology analyses of DM promoters show an enrichment for genes involved in diferentiation and development. Taken all together, KRAS-mediated DNA methylation are stochastic and independent of canonical downstream efector signaling. These epigenetically altered genes associated with KRAS expression could represent potential therapeutic targets in KRAS-driven cancer. Activating KRAS mutations can be found in nearly 25 percent of all cancers1. -
A Web-Platform for Analysis of Host Factors Involved in Viral Infections Discovered by Genome Wide Rnai Screen
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Molecular BioSystems. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 vhfRNAi: A web-platform for analysis of host factors involved in viral infections discovered by genome wide RNAi screen Anamika Thakur#, Abid Qureshi# and Manoj Kumar* Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India #Equal contribution * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel, 91-172-6665453; Fax, 91-172- 2690585; 91-172-2690632; Email, [email protected] Supplementary Tables Table S1: Statistics of unique and duplicate host factors in each virus Table S2: Table denoting genes common among different viruses Table S3: Statistics of GWAS analysis Table S1. Statistics of unique and duplicate host factors in each virus S. No. Virus Unique-Entries Duplicate-Entries 1. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 926 533 2. Avian influenza virus (AIV) 0 11 3. Borna disease virus (BDV) 14 20 4. Dengue virus 2 (DEN-2) 27 13 5. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 236 213 6. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) 1388 857 7. Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) 0 27 8. Human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) 34 38 9. Influenza A virus (IAV) 700 513 10. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) 0 54 11. Marburgvirus (MARV) 0 11 12. Poliovirus (PV) 3340 1035 13. Rotavirus (RV) 347 175 14. Sendai virus (SeV) 32 27 15. Sindbis virus (SIV) 70 41 16. Vaccinia virus (VACV) 482 296 17. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) 9 78 18. West Nile virus (WNV) 313 137 Table S1. Statistics of unique host factors for each virus having overlapping and unique factors in different viruses Non-overlap – Overall- S. -
Tonic and Rhythmic Spinal Activity Underlying Locomotion
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2017, 23, 1-11 1 REVIEW ARTICLE Tonic and Rhythmic Spinal Activity Underlying Locomotion Yury P. Ivanenkoa,*, Victor S. Gurfinkelb, Victor A. Selionovc, Irina A. Solopovac, Francesca Sylos-Labinid, Pierre A Guertine and Francesco Lacquanitia,d,f aLaboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; bBiomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; cLaboratory of Neurobiology of Motor Control, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow 127994, Russia; dCentre of Space Bio-medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy, City, Country; eDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Québec City, Canada G1V 4G2; fDepartment of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy Abstract: In recent years, many researches put significant efforts into understanding and assessing the functional state of the spinal locomotor circuits in humans. Various techniques have been developed to stimulate the spinal A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y cord circuitries, which may include both diffuse and quite specific tuning effects. Overall, the findings indicate that tonic and rhythmic spinal activity control are not separate phenomena but are closely integrated to properly initiate and sustain stepping. The spinal cord does not simply transmit information to and from the brain. Its Received: November 2, 2016 Accepted: January 20, 2017 physiologic state determines reflex, postural and locomotor control and, therefore, may affect the recovery of the locomotor function in individuals with spinal cord and brain injuries. This review summarizes studies that exam- ine the rhythmogenesis capacity of cervical and lumbosacral neuronal circuitries in humans and its importance in DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170125 developing central pattern generator-modulating therapies. -
Identification of Hair Shaft Progenitors That Create a Niche for Hair Pigmentation
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 27, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Identification of hair shaft progenitors that create a niche for hair pigmentation Chung-Ping Liao,1 Reid C. Booker,1 Sean J. Morrison,2,3,4,5,6 and Lu Q. Le1,4,5 1Department of Dermatology, 2Department of Pediatrics, 3Children’s Research Institute, 4Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, 6Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA Hair differentiates from follicle stem cells through progenitor cells in the matrix. In contrast to stem cells in the bulge, the identities of the progenitors and the mechanisms by which they regulate hair shaft components are poorly understood. Hair is also pigmented by melanocytes in the follicle. However, the niche that regulates follicular melanocytes is not well characterized. Here, we report the identification of hair shaft progenitors in the matrix that are differentiated from follicular epithelial cells expressing transcription factor KROX20. Depletion of Krox20 lin- eage cells results in arrest of hair growth, confirming the critical role of KROX20+ cells as antecedents of structural cells found in hair. Expression of stem cell factor (SCF) by these cells is necessary for the maintenance of differen- tiated melanocytes and for hair pigmentation. Our findings reveal the identities of hair matrix progenitors that regulate hair growth and pigmentation, partly by creating an SCF-dependent niche for follicular melanocytes. [Keywords: stem cell factor (SCF); hair pigmentation; hair shaft progenitor cell; hair follicle stem cell; hair matrix; KROX20] Supplemental material is available for this article. -
Gene Expression Profiling in the Striatum of Per2ko Mice Exhibiting
Original Article Biomol Ther 29(2), 135-143 (2021) Gene Expression Profiling in the Striatum of Per2 KO Mice Exhibiting More Vulnerable Responses against Methamphetamine Mikyung Kim1,2,†, Se Jin Jeon3,†, Raly James Custodio1, Hyun Jun Lee1, Leandro Val Sayson1, Darlene Mae D. Ortiz1, Jae Hoon Cheong4,* and Hee Jin Kim1,* 1Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, 2Department of Chemistry Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, 3School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, 4School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea Abstract Drug addiction influences most communities directly or indirectly. Increasing studies have reported the relationship between circa- dian-related genes and drug addiction. Per2 disrupted mice exhibited more vulnerable behavioral responses against some drugs including methamphetamine (METH). However, its roles and mechanisms are still not clear. Transcriptional profiling analysis in Per2 knockout (KO) mice may provide a valuable tool to identify potential genetic involvement and pathways in enhanced behav- ioral responses against drugs. To explore the potential genetic involvement, we examined common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the striatum of drug naïve Per2 KO/wild-type (WT) mice, and before/after METH treatment in Per2 KO mice, but not in WT mice. We selected 9 common DEGs (Ncald, Cpa6, Pklr, Ttc29, Cbr2, Egr2, Prg4, Lcn2, and Camsap2) based on literature research. Among the common DEGs, Ncald, Cpa6, Pklr, and Ttc29 showed higher expression levels in drug naïve Per2 KO mice than in WT mice, while they were downregulated in Per2 KO mice after METH treatment. -
Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals
animals Review Key Genes Regulating Skeletal Muscle Development and Growth in Farm Animals Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi 1 , Farhad Bordbar 1,* , Just Jensen 2 , Min Du 3 and Wei Guo 4 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 77951, Iran; [email protected] 2 Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, 8210 Aarhus, Denmark; [email protected] 3 Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; [email protected] 4 Muscle Biology and Animal Biologics, Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53558, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Skeletal muscle mass is an important economic trait, and muscle development and growth is a crucial factor to supply enough meat for human consumption. Thus, understanding (candidate) genes regulating skeletal muscle development is crucial for understanding molecular genetic regulation of muscle growth and can be benefit the meat industry toward the goal of in- creasing meat yields. During the past years, significant progress has been made for understanding these mechanisms, and thus, we decided to write a comprehensive review covering regulators and (candidate) genes crucial for muscle development and growth in farm animals. Detection of these genes and factors increases our understanding of muscle growth and development and is a great help for breeders to satisfy demands for meat production on a global scale. Citation: Mohammadabadi, M.; Abstract: Farm-animal species play crucial roles in satisfying demands for meat on a global scale, Bordbar, F.; Jensen, J.; Du, M.; Guo, W. -
HHS Public Access Author Manuscript
HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptBiol Psychiatry Author Manuscript. Author Author Manuscript manuscript; available in PMC 2017 March 15. Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2016 March 15; 79(6): 430–442. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.020. Moderate Alcohol Drinking and the Amygdala Proteome: Identification and Validation of Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Kinase II and AMPA Receptor Activity as Novel Molecular Mechanisms of the Positive Reinforcing Effects of Alcohol Michael C. Salling, Sara P. Faccidomo, Chia Li, Kelly Psilos, Christina Galunas, Marina Spanos, Abigail E. Agoglia, Thomas L. Kash, and Clyde W. Hodge Department of Psychiatry (CWH), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology (TLK, CWH), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (SPF, KP, CG, TLK, CWH), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Department of Curriculum in Neurobiology (MCS, CL, MS, AEA, TLK, CWH), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Abstract BACKGROUND—Despite worldwide consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol, the neural mechanisms that mediate the transition from use to abuse are not fully understood. METHODS—Here, we conducted a high-through put screen of the amygdala proteome in mice after moderate alcohol drinking (n = 12/group) followed by behavioral studies (n = 6–8/group) to uncover novel molecular mechanisms of the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol that strongly influence the development of addiction. RESULTS—Two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time-of-flight identified 29 differentially expressed proteins in the amygdala of nondependent C57BL/6J mice following 24 days of alcohol drinking.