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11Eyes Achannel Accel World Acchi Kocchi Ah! My Goddess Air Gear Air
11eyes AChannel Accel World Acchi Kocchi Ah! My Goddess Air Gear Air Master Amaenaideyo Angel Beats Angelic Layer Another Ao No Exorcist Appleseed XIII Aquarion Arakawa Under The Bridge Argento Soma Asobi no Iku yo Astarotte no Omocha Asu no Yoichi Asura Cryin' B Gata H Kei Baka to Test Bakemonogatari (and sequels) Baki the Grappler Bakugan Bamboo Blade Banner of Stars Basquash BASToF Syndrome Battle Girls: Time Paradox Beelzebub BenTo Betterman Big O Binbougami ga Black Blood Brothers Black Cat Black Lagoon Blassreiter Blood Lad Blood+ Bludgeoning Angel Dokurochan Blue Drop Bobobo Boku wa Tomodachi Sukunai Brave 10 Btooom Burst Angel Busou Renkin Busou Shinki C3 Campione Cardfight Vanguard Casshern Sins Cat Girl Nuku Nuku Chaos;Head Chobits Chrome Shelled Regios Chuunibyou demo Koi ga Shitai Clannad Claymore Code Geass Cowboy Bebop Coyote Ragtime Show Cuticle Tantei Inaba DFrag Dakara Boku wa, H ga Dekinai Dan Doh Dance in the Vampire Bund Danganronpa Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou Daphne in the Brilliant Blue Darker Than Black Date A Live Deadman Wonderland DearS Death Note Dennou Coil Denpa Onna to Seishun Otoko Densetsu no Yuusha no Densetsu Desert Punk Detroit Metal City Devil May Cry Devil Survivor 2 Diabolik Lovers Disgaea Dna2 Dokkoida Dog Days Dororon EnmaKun Meeramera Ebiten Eden of the East Elemental Gelade Elfen Lied Eureka 7 Eureka 7 AO Excel Saga Eyeshield 21 Fight Ippatsu! JuudenChan Fooly Cooly Fruits Basket Full Metal Alchemist Full Metal Panic Futari Milky Holmes GaRei Zero Gatchaman Crowds Genshiken Getbackers Ghost -
Copy of Anime Licensing Information
Title Owner Rating Length ANN .hack//G.U. Trilogy Bandai 13UP Movie 7.58655 .hack//Legend of the Twilight Bandai 13UP 12 ep. 6.43177 .hack//ROOTS Bandai 13UP 26 ep. 6.60439 .hack//SIGN Bandai 13UP 26 ep. 6.9994 0091 Funimation TVMA 10 Tokyo Warriors MediaBlasters 13UP 6 ep. 5.03647 2009 Lost Memories ADV R 2009 Lost Memories/Yesterday ADV R 3 x 3 Eyes Geneon 16UP 801 TTS Airbats ADV 15UP A Tree of Palme ADV TV14 Movie 6.72217 Abarashi Family ADV MA AD Police (TV) ADV 15UP AD Police Files Animeigo 17UP Adventures of the MiniGoddess Geneon 13UP 48 ep/7min each 6.48196 Afro Samurai Funimation TVMA Afro Samurai: Resurrection Funimation TVMA Agent Aika Central Park Media 16UP Ah! My Buddha MediaBlasters 13UP 13 ep. 6.28279 Ah! My Goddess Geneon 13UP 5 ep. 7.52072 Ah! My Goddess MediaBlasters 13UP 26 ep. 7.58773 Ah! My Goddess 2: Flights of Fancy Funimation TVPG 24 ep. 7.76708 Ai Yori Aoshi Geneon 13UP 24 ep. 7.25091 Ai Yori Aoshi ~Enishi~ Geneon 13UP 13 ep. 7.14424 Aika R16 Virgin Mission Bandai 16UP Air Funimation 14UP Movie 7.4069 Air Funimation TV14 13 ep. 7.99849 Air Gear Funimation TVMA Akira Geneon R Alien Nine Central Park Media 13UP 4 ep. 6.85277 All Purpose Cultural Cat Girl Nuku Nuku Dash! ADV 15UP All Purpose Cultural Cat Girl Nuku Nuku TV ADV 12UP 14 ep. 6.23837 Amon Saga Manga Video NA Angel Links Bandai 13UP 13 ep. 5.91024 Angel Sanctuary Central Park Media 16UP Angel Tales Bandai 13UP 14 ep. -
A Sentimental Pigeon Keeper
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Fall 2015 A Sentimental Pigeon Keeper ADNAN ALAM San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation ALAM, ADNAN, "A Sentimental Pigeon Keeper" (2015). Master's Theses. 4618. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.9eu3-wzs4 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4618 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A SENTIMENTAL PIGEON KEEPER A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of English and Comparative Literature San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Fine Arts by Adnan Alam December 2015 11 © 2015 Adnan Alam ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11 The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled A SENTIMENTAL PIGEON KEEPER by Adnan Alam APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND COMPARATIVE LITERATURE SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY December 2015 Professor Cathleen Miller Department of English and Comparative Literature Professor Persis Karim Department of English and Comparative Literature Professor Nick Taylor Department of English and Comparative Literature 11 ABSTRACT A SENTIMENTAL PIGEON KEEPER by Adnan Alam This is a memoir – a narrative work of creative nonfiction. This story takes place over a single day, during the summer of 1992, when the life of a thirteen-year old boy falls apart. -
Harga Sewaktu Wak Jadi Sebelum
HARGA SEWAKTU WAKTU BISA BERUBAH, HARGA TERBARU DAN STOCK JADI SEBELUM ORDER SILAHKAN HUBUNGI KONTAK UNTUK CEK HARGA YANG TERTERA SUDAH FULL ISI !!!! Berikut harga HDD per tgl 14 - 02 - 2016 : PROMO BERLAKU SELAMA PERSEDIAAN MASIH ADA!!! EXTERNAL NEW MODEL my passport ultra 1tb Rp 1,040,000 NEW MODEL my passport ultra 2tb Rp 1,560,000 NEW MODEL my passport ultra 3tb Rp 2,500,000 NEW wd element 500gb Rp 735,000 1tb Rp 990,000 2tb WD my book Premium Storage 2tb Rp 1,650,000 (external 3,5") 3tb Rp 2,070,000 pakai adaptor 4tb Rp 2,700,000 6tb Rp 4,200,000 WD ELEMENT DESKTOP (NEW MODEL) 2tb 3tb Rp 1,950,000 Seagate falcon desktop (pake adaptor) 2tb Rp 1,500,000 NEW MODEL!! 3tb Rp - 4tb Rp - Hitachi touro Desk PRO 4tb seagate falcon 500gb Rp 715,000 1tb Rp 980,000 2tb Rp 1,510,000 Seagate SLIM 500gb Rp 750,000 1tb Rp 1,000,000 2tb Rp 1,550,000 1tb seagate wireless up 2tb Hitachi touro 500gb Rp 740,000 1tb Rp 930,000 Hitachi touro S 7200rpm 500gb Rp 810,000 1tb Rp 1,050,000 Transcend 500gb Anti shock 25H3 1tb Rp 1,040,000 2tb Rp 1,725,000 ADATA HD 710 750gb antishock & Waterproof 1tb Rp 1,000,000 2tb INTERNAL WD Blue 500gb Rp 710,000 1tb Rp 840,000 green 2tb Rp 1,270,000 3tb Rp 1,715,000 4tb Rp 2,400,000 5tb Rp 2,960,000 6tb Rp 3,840,000 black 500gb Rp 1,025,000 1tb Rp 1,285,000 2tb Rp 2,055,000 3tb Rp 2,680,000 4tb Rp 3,460,000 SEAGATE Internal 500gb Rp 685,000 1tb Rp 835,000 2tb Rp 1,215,000 3tb Rp 1,655,000 4tb Rp 2,370,000 Hitachi internal 500gb 1tb Toshiba internal 500gb Rp 630,000 1tb 2tb Rp 1,155,000 3tb Rp 1,585,000 untuk yang ingin -
1 07 Ghost 2 11 Eyes 3 801 TTS Airbat 4 Abenobashi Mahou
1 07 Ghost 37 Amnesia (Movie) 2 11 Eyes 38 Angel Beats 3 801 TTS Airbat 39 Angel Sanctuary 4 Abenobashi Mahou Shoutengai 40 Angel's Feathers (Yaoi) 5 Abrazo de Primavera (Yaoi) 41 Antique Bakery 6 Accelerado (Hentai) 42 Ao no Exorcist 7 AD Police 43 Aoi Bungaku 8 Afro Samirai Resurrection 44 Aoi Hana 9 Afro Samurai 45 Appleseed 10 After the School in the Teacher's Lounge 46 Aquariam Age 11 Agent Aika 47 Araiso (Yaoi) 12 Ah! Megamisama 48 Arakawa Under The Bridge 13 Ah! Megamisama (Movie) 49 Arashi no Ato (Manga - Yaoi) 14 Ah! Megamisama (OVA) 50 Argento Soma 15 Ai no Kusabi (Yaoi) 51 Aria -Arietta- (OVA) 16 Ai Yori Aoshi 52 Aria The Animation 17 Ai Yori Aoshi - Enishi - 53 Aria The Navegation 18 Aika R-16 54 Aria The Origination 19 Aika Zero 55 Aria The Scarlet Ammo 20 Air 56 Armitage III 21 Air (OVA) 57 Asterix El Galo (Movie) 22 Air Gear 58 Asterix y Cleopatra (Movie) 23 Air Tonelico (Movie) 59 Asterix y La Sorpresa del Cesar (Movie) 24 Aiso Tsukash (Manga - Yaoi) 60 Asterix y las 12 Pruebas (Movie) 25 Aitsu no Daihonmei (Manga - Yaoi) 61 Asterix y Los Bretones (Movie) 26 Aitsu no Heart Uihi wo Tsukeru (Manga - Yaoi) 62 Asterix y Los Vikingos (Movie) 27 Akane Maniac 63 Asu no Yoichi 28 Akane-Iro ni Somaru Saka 64 Asura Criyn' 29 Akira 65 Asura Criyn' II 30 Akuma no Himitsu (Manga - Yaoi) 66 Asuza 31 Amaenaideyo 67 Avatar Libro 1 Agua 32 Amaenaideyo - Especial - (OVA) 68 Avatar Libro 2 Tierra 33 Amaenaideyo Katsu 69 Avatar Libro 3 Fuego 34 Amagami SS 70 Avenger 35 Amame Pecaminosamente (Manga - Yaoi) 71 Ayakashi Japanese Classic Horror -
After the Planes
AFTER THE PLANES Timothy Boswell Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2012 APPROVED: Miroslav Penkov, Major Professor Barbara Rodman, Committee Member John Tait, Committee Member David Holdeman, Chair of the Department of English James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Boswell, Timothy. After the Planes. Doctor of Philosophy (English), May 2012, 343 pp., bibliography, 21 titles. The dissertation consists of a critical preface and a novel. The preface analyzes what it terms “polyvocal” novels, or novels employing multiple points of view, as well as “layered storytelling,” or layers of textuality within novels, such as stories within stories. Specifically, the first part of the preface discusses polyvocality in twenty-first century American novels, while the second part explores layered storytelling in novels responding to World War II or the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The preface analyzes the advantages and difficulties connected to these techniques, as well as their aptitude for reflecting the fractured, disconnected, and subjective nature of the narratives we construct to interpret traumatic experiences. It also acknowledges the necessity—despite its inherent limitations—of using language to engage with this fragmentation and cope with its challenges. The preface uses numerous novels as examples and case studies, and it also explores these concepts and techniques in relation to the process of writing the novel After the Planes. After the Planes depicts multiple generations of a family who utilize storytelling as a means to work through grief, hurt, misunderstanding, and loss—whether from interpersonal conflicts or from war. Against her father’s wishes, a young woman moves in with her nearly- unknown grandfather, struggling to understand the rifts in her family and how they have shaped her own identity. -
ETHNOGRAPHY of RESISTANCE POETICS Power and Authority in Salale Oromo Folklore and Resistance Culture, Ethiopia, Northeast Africa
ETHNOGRAPHY OF RESISTANCE POETICS POWER AND AUTHORITY IN SALALE OROMO FOLKLORE AND RESISTANCE CULTURE Ethiopia, Northeast Africa Assefa Tefera Dibaba Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Folklore and Ethnomusicology Indiana University June 2015 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Doctoral Committee: _____________________________________ John McDowell, Ph.D, Chair _____________________________________ Gregory Schrempp, Ph.D _____________________________________ Beverly Stoeltje, Ph.D _____________________________________ Marvin Sterling, Ph.D Dissertation Defense: May 6, 2015 ii Copyright © 2015 Assefa Tefera Dibaba iii Yaa Badhoo kiyya maal katamaa maashoon boba’u? Yaa Badhoo kiyya! ajjeeftanii nurra hin deeminaa, damiin carqii miti hin moofa’uu! * * * Oh, Badhoo, what is up in the town, lamp is lit? your dream that I knit! Let them never step over our dead, not worn out; it clots—our blood that they shed! iv For My father, the late Tefera Dibaba Jini, and My mother, Aragash Sambata Tokkon who sparked my future in their narratives of perseverance and aptness: Gadaa dabre hin fiigan, biiftuu jirtu sussukan, meaning, Time was, time never is. v Acknowledgments I owe gratitude to many people and institutions who encouraged me to be where I am and who contributed a great deal into the completion of this study. First, I am most grateful to my father, the late Tefera Dibaba, and my mother, Aragash Sambata, who kindled my future in their words of perseverance and diligence and shouldered the unbearable burden of educating me from the time I was a herd-boy. -
Transformations of Xiyouji in Korean Intertexts and Hypertexts
Fakultät für Ostasienwissenschaften Transformations of Xiyouji in Korean Intertexts and Hypertexts Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Dr. phil. vorgelegt von Barbara Wall, M.A. aus Neumünster Referent/in: Prof. Dr. Marion Eggert Korreferent/in: Prof. Dr. Barbara Mittler Bochum 2014 2 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………….. 5 Gérard Genette‟s theory of intertexts and hypertexts ………............... 6 Xiyouji as hypotext, hypertext and intertext………………………….. 15 Multiple facets of Xiyouji mirrored in intertexts and hypertexts……... 23 1. Korean intertexts of Xiyouji before the 20th century……………………..... 34 1.1. Transformations of Sun Wukong……………………………………... 34 1.1.1. The “impertinent” Sun Wukong in Chŏkhu haeng……………….. 34 1.1.2. The “obedient” Sun Wukong in inscriptions on Gushi huapu……. 37 1.1.3. Sun Wukong‟s “superhuman power” in Hong Kiltong chŏn……… 41 1.1.4. Sun Wukong as roof figure in Ch‟angdŏkkung suri togam ŭigwe… 47 1.1.5. The “unique” Sun Wukong in sijo………………………………… 55 1.2. Transformations of particular episodes of Xiyouji…….………………. 59 1.2.1. The Cart Slow Kingdom episode in Pak t‟ongsa………………….. 59 1.2.2. The Cobweb Cave episode in Kuunmong…………………………… 60 1.2.3. The “false Sun Wukong” in Che Im Mi Fu-p‟ung ch‟ŏp hu............ 64 1.2.4. The Black Rooster Kingdom episode in Pongsan mask dance…... 65 1.2.5. Dragon execution episode in: 1.2.5.1. Kuunmong………………………………………………… 69 1.2.5.2. Annotations on Muyŏm hwasang pimyŏng……………….. 72 1.2.5.3. Tang T‟aejong chŏn……………………………………….. 74 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….. 80 2. Korean hypertexts of Xiyouji in the 20th and 21st centuries.….………….. -
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Translated Versions
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Translated Versions Copyright © Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, 2006. This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and no commercial usage or sale Permission Permission was obtained from the Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, England, UK to make and distribute translations of the EPDS and distribute copies of the EPDS electronically subject to the following conditions: • Copyright for all EPDS translations is held with © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 1987. Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M. & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782-786. • Electronic distribution must be within a secure internet location, such as intranet or an access-controlled area on the internet. A general licence was granted to produce as many copies of the EPDS as needed across the State of Western Australia, on an ongoing basis. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication entry. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): Translated Versions ISBN 0 xxxxxxx 00 1. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): Translated Versions; Validated 2. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): Translated Versions; Not Validated I. Department of Health, Government of Western Australia II. Title. (Series: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS): Translated Versions) Suggested Citation: Department -
Bengali Language Handbook
R E- F 0 R T RESUMES ED 012 911 48 AL 000 604 BENGALI LANGUAGE HANDBOOK. BY- RAY, FUNYA SLOKA AND. OTHERS CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, WASHINGTON, D.C. REPORT NUMBER BR-5 -1242 PUB DATE 66' CONTRACT OEC -2 -14 -042 EDRS PRICE MF$0.75 HC-$6.04 15IF. DESCRIPTORS-*BENGALI, *REFERENCE BOOKS, LITERATURE GUIDES, CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS, GRAMMAR, PHONETICS, CULTURAL BACKGROUND, SOCIOLINGUISTICS, WRITING, ALPHABETS, DIALECT STUDIES, CHALIT, SADHU, INDIA, WEST BENGAL, EAST PAKISTAN, THIS VOLUME OF THE LANGUAGE HANDBOOK SERIES IS INTENDED TO SERVE AS AN OUTLINE OF THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE BENGALI LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY OVER 80 MILLION PEOPLE IN EAST PAKISTAN AND INDIA. IT WAS WRITTEN WITH SEVERAL READERS IN MIND-.-(1) A -LINGUIST INTERESTED IN BENGALI BUT NOT HIMSELF A SPECIALIST INTHE LANGUAGE,(2) AN INTERMEDIATE OR ADVANCED STUDENT WHO WANTS A CONCISE'GENERAL PICTURE OF THELANGUAGE AND ITS SETTING, AND (3) AN AREA SPECIALIST WHO NEEDS BASIC LINGUISTIC OR SOCIOLINGUISTIC FACTS ABOUT THE AREA. CHAPTERS ON THE LANGUAGE SITUATION, PHONOLOGY, AND ORTHOGRAPHY. PRECEDE THE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX. ALTHOUGH THE LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION IS NOT INTENDED TO BE DEFINITIVE, IT USES TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY AND ASSUMES THE READER HAS PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF LINGUISTICS. STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES 'BETWEEN BENGALI AND AMERICAN ENGLISH ARE DISCUSSED AS ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SADHU STANDARD AND CHALIT STANDARD BENGALI. THE DACCA DIALECT AND THE CHITTAGONG DIALECT ARE BRIEFLY TREATED AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IS SHOWN ON A MAP OF BENGALI DIALECTS. FINAL CHAPTERS SURVEY THE . HISTORY OF BENGALI LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND LITERARY CRITICISM. THIS HANDBOOK IS ALSO AVAILABLE FOR $3.00 FROM THE CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 1717 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, WW., WASHINGTON, D.C., 20036. -
La Liste Des Mangas Animés
La liste des mangas animés # 009-1 Eng Sub 17 07-Ghost Fre Sub 372 11eyes Fre Sub 460 30-sai no Hoken Taiiku Eng Sub 484 6 Angels Fre Sub 227 801 T.T.S. Airbats Fre Sub 228 .hack//SIGN Fre Sub 118 .hack//SIGN : Bangai-hen Fre Sub 118 .hack//Unison Fre Sub 118 .hack//Liminality Fre Sub 118 .hack//Gift Fre Sub 118 .hack//Legend of Twilight Fre Sub 118 .hack//Roots Fre Sub 118 .hack//G.U. Returner Fre Sub 119 .hack//G.U. Trilogy Fre Sub 120 .hack//G.U. Terminal Disc Fre Sub .hack//Quantum Fre Sub 441 .hack//Sekai no mukou ni Fre Sub _Summer Fre Sub 286 A A Little Snow Fairy Sugar Fre Sub 100 A Little Snow Fairy Sugar Summer Special Fre Sub 101 A-Channel Eng Sub 485 Abenobashi Fre Sub 48 Accel World Eng Sub Accel World: Ginyoku no kakusei Eng Sub Acchi kocchi Eng Sub Ace wo Nerae! Eng Sub Afro Samurai Fre Sub 76 Afro Samurai Resurrection Fre Sub 408 Ah! My Goddess - Itsumo Futari de Fre Sub 470 Ah! My Goddess le Film DVD Ah! My Goddess OAV DVD Ah! My Goddess TV (2 saisons) Fre Sub 28 Ah! My Mini Goddess TV DVD Ai Mai! Moe Can Change! Eng Sub Ai Yori Aoshi Eng Sub Ai Yori Aoshi ~Enishi~ Eng Sub Aika Eng Sub 75 AIKa R-16 - Virgin Mission Eng Sub 425 AIKa Zero Fre Sub 412 AIKa Zero OVA Picture Drama Fre Sub 459 Air Gear Fre Sub 27 Air Gear - Kuro no Hane to Nemuri no Mori - Break on the Sky Eng Sub 486 Air Master Fre Sub 47 AIR TV Fre Sub 277 Aishiteruze Baby Eng Sub 25 Ajimu - Kaigan Monogatari Fre Sub 194 Aiura Fre Sub Akane-Iro ni Somaru Saka Fre Sub 387 Akane-Iro ni Somaru Saka Hardcore Fre Sub AKB0048 Fre Sub Akikan! Eng Sub 344 Akira Fre Sub 26 Allison to Lillia Eng Sub 172 Amaenaide Yo! Fre Sub 23 Amaenaide Yo! Katsu!! Fre Sub 24 Amagami SS Fre Sub 457 Amagami SS (OAV) Eng Sub Amagami SS+ Plus Fre Sub Amatsuki Eng Sub 308 Amazing Nurse Nanako Fre Sub 77 Angel Beats! Fre Sub 448 Angel Heart Fre Sub 22 Angel Links Eng Sub 46 Angel's Tail Fre Sub 237 Angel's Tail OAV Fre Sub 237 Angel's Tail 2 Eng Sub 318 Animation Runner Kuromi 2 Eng Sub 253 Ankoku Shinwa Eng Sub Ano hi mita hana no namae o bokutachi wa mada shiranai. -
USAID Reading for Ethiopia's Achievement Developed Monitoring
USAID Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Monitoring and Evaluation (READ M&E) Language Transition Study Report September 2019 A partnership with American Institutes for Research Contract No. AID 663-C-15-00001 USAID Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Monitoring and Evaluation (READ M&E) Language Transition Study Report Main Authors: Pooja Nakamura, Juan Bonilla, Belen Mekonnen, Daniel Tefera, Zewdu Gebrekidan, and Kelsye Turner Additional Contributors: Solomon Areaya, Mohammed Elmeski, and Todd Drummond Prepared by: American Institutes for Research 1000 Thomas Jefferson Street, NW Washington, DC 20007 Submitted to: U.S. Agency for International Development/Ethiopia Addis Yigzaw, COR Under Contract No. AID-663-C-15-00001 Disclaimer: This report was made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the American Institutes for Research (AIR) and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations iii Executive Summary 1 Overview 1 Methods 1 Findings and Discussions 2 Introduction 4 Problem Statement 5 Background 6 Historical Context of MOI Policy in Ethiopia 7 1908–1941 7 1941–1973 7 1974–1991 8 1991–Present 8 Literature Review 8 Monolingual, Alphabetic Reading 8 Monolingual, Alphasyllabic Reading 9 Multilingual Reading 10 Conceptual Framework 11 Methods 14 Sample 14 Instruments 15 Letter Naming 16 Letter-Sound Correspondence