Hybrid Phlox
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April 26, 2019
April 26, 2019 Theodore Payne Foundation’s Wild Flower Hotline is made possible by donations, memberships, and the generous support of S&S Seeds. Now is the time to really get out and hike the trails searching for late bloomers. It’s always good to call or check the location’s website if you can, and adjust your expectations accordingly before heading out. Please enjoy your outing, and please use your best flower viewing etiquette. Along Salt Creek near the southern entrance to Sequoia National Park, the wildflowers are abundant and showy. Masses of spring flowering common madia (Madia elegans) are covering sunny slopes and bird’s-eye gilia (Gilia tricolor) is abundant on flatlands. Good crops of owl’s clover (Castilleja sp.) are common in scattered colonies and along shadier trails, woodland star flower (Lithophragma sp.), Munz’s iris (Iris munzii), and the elegant naked broomrape (Orobanche uniflora) are blooming. There is an abundance of Chinese houses (Collinsia heterophylla) and foothill sunburst (Pseudobahia heermanii). This is a banner year for the local geophytes. Mountain pretty face (Tritelia ixiodes ssp. anilina) and Ithuriel’s spear (Triteliea laxa) are abundant. With the warming temperatures farewell to spring (Clarkia cylindrical subsp. clavicarpa) is starting to show up with their lovely bright purple pink floral display and is particularly noticeable along highway 198. Naked broom rape (Orobanche uniflora), foothill sunburst (Pseudobahia heermanii). Photos by Michael Wall © Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers & Native Plants, Inc. No reproduction of any kind without written permission. The trails in Pinnacles National Park have their own personality reflecting the unusual blooms found along them. -
Untangling Phylogenetic Patterns and Taxonomic Confusion in Tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with Special Focus on Generic
TAXON 67 (1) • February 2018: 83–112 Madhani & al. • Phylogeny and taxonomy of Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with special focus on generic boundaries Hossein Madhani,1 Richard Rabeler,2 Atefeh Pirani,3 Bengt Oxelman,4 Guenther Heubl5 & Shahin Zarre1 1 Department of Plant Science, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran 2 University of Michigan Herbarium-EEB, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2228, U.S.A. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden 5 Biodiversity Research – Systematic Botany, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany; and GeoBio Center LMU Author for correspondence: Shahin Zarre, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/671.6 Abstract Assigning correct names to taxa is a challenging goal in the taxonomy of many groups within the Caryophyllaceae. This challenge is most serious in tribe Caryophylleae since the supposed genera seem to be highly artificial, and the available morphological evidence cannot effectively be used for delimitation and exact determination of taxa. The main goal of the present study was to re-assess the monophyly of the genera currently recognized in this tribe using molecular phylogenetic data. We used the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast gene rps16 for 135 and 94 accessions, respectively, representing all 16 genera currently recognized in the tribe Caryophylleae, with a rich sampling of Gypsophila as one of the most heterogeneous groups in the tribe. -
Nomenclature of the Main Subdivisions of Phlox (Polemoniaceae)
NUMBER 4 GRANT: PHLOX NOMENCLATURE 25 NOMENCLATURE OF THE MAIN SUBDIVISIONS OF PHLOX (POLEMONIACEAE) Verne Grant Section of Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 Abstract: The task of finding the correct names for the main subdivisions of Phlox has been beset with difficulties in interpreting the intent of older authors, particularly Asa Gray. Gray divided Phlox into four main subgroups, some of which have been considered sections, but these are now seen to be only informal groups. Currently Phlox is subdivided into three sections: Phlox, Divaricatae Peter, and Occidentales A. Gray. The name Occidentales A. Gray was not validly published as a section; Gray used it only as part of a heading. The oldest valid name for what has been called sect. Occidentales is sect. Pulvinatae Peter. Recent papers have used the name sect. Annuae A. Gray in place of sect. Divaricatae, on grounds of priority. However, the name that Gray actually used was Annuae, Texenses, and it, like Occidentales, was not validly published. The sections of Phlox are being reconsidered at present in the light of new molecular evidence. Some changes will be needed, but old valid infra generic names will still have a role to play in new infrageneric classifications. Keywords: Phlox, nomenclature, Asa Gray. The genus Phlox has had a history of terms subgenus and section in the nine problems with the nomenclature of the teenth century. Some authors used the cat main infrageneric subgroups. Gray (1870, egory subgenus, others the category section, 1878, 1886) did not make it clear in his still others used both, or neither. -
Palouse Forbs for Landscaping
More Palouse Forbs for Landscaping. by David M. Skinner, Paul Warnick, Bill French, and Mary Fauci November, 2005 The following is an additional list of native forbs which may be found in the Palouse region. These forbs may be less suitable for the landscape because of growth habit, aggressiveness, difficulty in propagating and growing, rarity, or it simply may be that we haven’t yet tried to do anything with them. For a list of Palouse forbs which may be more suitable for landscaping and about which we have more information to share, please see “Characteristics and Uses of Native Palouse Forbs in Landscaping.” Nomenclature used in this document also follows Hitchcock, C. Leo, and Arthur Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press. Seattle, WA. In order to facilitate searching for a particular species, we have included some common names and alternate scientific names, but this is by no means intended to be a comprehensive source of common names or synonyms. Detailed information on propagation of many native species can be found at <http://nativeplants.for.uidaho.edu/network/search.asp?SearchType=Continental> Agastache urticifolia is probably too large a plant for a small garden. Requires a moist site. Easy to grow from seed. Plants have a minty smell and a very interesting flower. Common names include nettle-leafed giant hyssop, horsemint. Agoseris grandiflora is not a particularly attractive plant, it looks rather like a weed. Short-lived and attracts rodents, which eat the taproot and kill the plants. Easy to grow from seed, which is wind-borne and goes everywhere. -
Which Plant Species Dominate Early Post-Fire Vegetation in the Central Alps, and Why?
V International Conference on Forest Fire Research D. X. Viegas (Ed.), 2006 Which plant species dominate early post-fire vegetation in the Central Alps, and why? Moser B. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland, [email protected] Wohlgemuth T. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland, [email protected] Abstract: In the exceptionally dry summer of 2003, a major wildfire burned 300 ha of forest in the central-alpine region of the canton of Valais, Switzerland. The burnt area ranges from 800 m a.s.l. to the timberline at 2100 m a.s.l. The establishment of dominant species during early post- fire succession may be an essential factor affecting the rate of natural reforestation, an important aspect of post-fire succession in the Central Alps. Since 2004, the recolonisation of vascular plant species has been monitored annually using systematic sampling with 154 sampling plots of 200 m2. Two years after the fire, various species established at different altitudes. At lower altitudes, vegetation is dominated by Conyza canadensis and Lactuca serriola, whereas at medium altitude the grasses Calamagrostis varia and Brachypodium pinnatum, and the herbs Epilobium angustifolium and Saponaria ocymoides are most abundant. Early vegetation development is fastest above 1'400 m a.s.l., where vegetation cover already amounted to 45% in the second post- fire year. Tree regeneration is also more abundant at higher altitudes and seems to be facilitated by dominant E. angustifolium. Our preliminary results indicate that dominant species can act as 'switches' in vegetation development determining whether forest regeneration can establish or not. -
January 2002.P65
All the dirt that’s fit to print Newsletter of the Whatcom County Master Gardeners January 2002 Happy New year! May the year 2002 bring you health, happiness and good gardening. We will mail the annual flier advertising the advanced training seminar soon. Please watch your mail very carefully, and read the instructions closely. I believe it will be printed on some brightly INSIDE: colored paper, but so are some of those junk advertisements. So, look closely. ‘Tis the Season The time to prune your fruit tree is coming up, and I want to remind you to save the scions for our (formerly Garden Miscellany) grafting class. The grafting class has been so well received that we are planning to do it again. We ............................ 2 will have more details in the February Newsletter, contact Luana Schneider if you have questions. To save the scions, you can seal the ends with wax and refrigerate, or you can place them in a sealed plastic bag and refrigerate. Also clearly identify the variety so we will know what we are MG Foundation selling. ............................ 3 I encourage all of you to attend the monthly foundation meetings; Pat Nelson (our new President ) Plant of the Month and the new board is cooking up some great programs. If you ever need a ride to the meeting, give ............................ 4 us a call and we will try to help you find someone to pick you up, and deliver you safely back home. Weed of the Month The 2002 Master Gardener basic classes begin in March. If you have friends or relatives who ........................... -
South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level. -
The Yearbook of Agriculture • 1961 ^
87TH CONGRESS, IST SESSION, HOUSE DOCUMENT NO. 29 THE YEARBOOK OF AGRICULTURE • 1961 ^ THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, D.G. SEEDS The Yearbook of Agriculture 1961 ¿^ f i Í THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON 25, D.G., PRICE $2 FOREWORD ORVILLE L. FREEMAN Secretary of Agriculture GOOD SEEDS ARE both a symbol and a foundation of the good Ufe our people have gained. A baisic factor in our realization of mankind's most sought goal, agricultural abundance, good seeds can be a means of our bringing about an Age of Plenty and an Age of Peace and Free- dom. We can use our good seeds to help end hunger and fear for the less fortunate half of the human family. So used, our seeds can be more meaningful to a hungry world than can the rocket that first carries man to the moon. This Yearbook of Agriculture seeks to provide a new and improved basis for understanding the complex order of Nature's forces so that man can better shape them in a positive and creative fashion. Seeds are ever a positive and creative force. Seeds are the germ of life, a beginning and an end, the fruit of yesterday's harvest and the promise of tomorrow's. Without an ample store of seeds there can be no national treasure, or no future for a Nation. Finding and developing better seeds is the oldest continuous service our Federal Government has rendered to our farmers—indeed, to all our people. -
Floristic Quality Assessment Report
FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al. -
A Comparative Study of Phlox Paniculata Cultivars Richard G
Plant Evaluation Notes ISSUE 35, 2011 A Comparative Study of Phlox paniculata Cultivars Richard G. Hawke, Plant Evaluation Manager Mark Rudy Phlox paniculata 'Shortwood' arden phlox, a staple of summer United States, from New York to Georgia, Mary’), whimsical pink and white (‘Peppermint gardens since colonial times, are and west to Illinois and Arkansas. It has Twist’), and delicate pink and yellow some of the most recognizable been in cultivation in Europe since the (‘Sherbert Cocktail’). Each flower is composed and popular perennials today. Their telltale 1800s and many of the early cultivars of a long corolla tube and five petal lobes. magenta flowers enliven native landscapes originated in England and Germany. Phlox The individual blossoms are grouped in for many weeks from summer to fall, while a maculata, early or meadow phlox, is a many-flowered domed to elongated panicles myriad of cultivars in a rainbow of colors native of the eastern United States, too. at the ends of the stems and in the upper grace gardens everywhere. They owe their While similar in habit to garden phlox, its leaf axils. Flower size varies from ½ inch to prodigious nature as much to the oversized flowers are borne in elongated cylindrical almost 2 inches wide, whereas the panicles flower trusses that crown tall stems as to clusters earlier in the summer. The species typically range from 4 to 6 inches tall and 6 to the vivid pinks, purples, reds, and oranges name reflects its purple-maculated or spot- 8 inches wide. Flowers are fragrant, although of the flowers. Despite their well-known ted stems. -
An Evaluation Report of Selected Phlox Species and Hybrids Richard G
Issue 13, 1999 Plant Evaluation Notes An Evaluation Report of Selected Phlox Species and Hybrids Richard G. Hawke, Coordinator of Plant Evaluation Programs oday many writers and gardeners are some species are also called sweet William. in general, most phlox grow well in full sun. extolling the virtues of foliage, but Flowers are the main ornamental attribute The low-growing, early-blooming species tend T still we treasure the flowers we grow. of phlox, although pleasing habits in a range of to prefer light shade. Too much sun can cause The brightly colored blossoms of phlox are sizes are also valued. The colorful flowers – these plants to grow poorly or die out. With among the most recognizable and desirable from pink and salmon to purple, lavender, few exceptions, phlox prefer moist, well- of all. Phlox is familiar in a variety of land- scarlet, red, orange, white and shades of blue – drained soils. scapes, from the miniature terrain of a rock can be seen on various species from spring to Powdery mildew is a serious and debili- garden to the dappled shade of a woodland to fall. Many phlox are blessed with a sweet fra- tating disease of certain phlox. White spots or the high summer border of a cottage garden. grance too. patches on the upper leaf surface characterize Phlox is valued in both our native landscapes The diversity of plant habits and the this disease. Symptoms are observed in and our gardens. variety of cultural conditions in which phlox summer and autumn when the development of There are over 60 species of Phlox native will grow make it an important garden plant. -
Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees
Selecting juglone-tolerant plants Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees Black walnut trees (Juglans nigra) can be very attractive in the home landscape when grown as shade trees, reaching a potential height of 100 feet. The walnuts they produce are a food source for squirrels, other wildlife and people as well. However, whether a black walnut tree already exists on your property or you are considering planting one, be aware that black walnuts produce juglone. This is a natural but toxic chemical they produce to reduce competition for resources from other plants. This natural self-defense mechanism can be harmful to nearby plants causing “walnut wilt.” Having a walnut tree in your landscape, however, certainly does not mean the landscape will be barren. Not all plants are sensitive to juglone. Many trees, vines, shrubs, ground covers, annuals and perennials will grow and even thrive in close proximity to a walnut tree. Production and Effect of Juglone Toxicity Juglone, which occurs in all parts of the black walnut tree, can affect other plants by several means: Stems Through root contact Leaves Through leakage or decay in the soil Through falling and decaying leaves When rain leaches and drips juglone from leaves Nuts and hulls and branches onto plants below. Juglone is most concentrated in the buds, nut hulls and All parts of the black walnut tree produce roots and, to a lesser degree, in leaves and stems. Plants toxic juglone to varying degrees. located beneath the canopy of walnut trees are most at risk. In general, the toxic zone around a mature walnut tree is within 50 to 60 feet of the trunk, but can extend to 80 feet.