Disaster Management and Emergency Communication in Use of Telecommunication and ICT

by Major General Gamini Hettiarachchi (Retd) Director General Disaster Management Centre Presentation Outline

. Institutional Arrangements.

. Early Warning and Dissemination

. Use of ICT in Disaster Management – Sri Lanka  Institutional Arrangements Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act; No.13 of 2005

 Provides for a Framework for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Sri Lanka  Addresses Disaster Management (DM) holistically, leading to a policy shift from response based mechanisms to a proactive approach  Measures have been taken to amend the act to address the DRM concerns after 05 years of implementation National Council For Disaster Management

Ministers in charge of National Council for Disaster Ministers in charge of Social Services Management Police Rehabilitation & Finance Reconstruction Chair Person : H.E. President Vice Chairman: Hon. Prime Minister Land Home Affairs Leader of Opposition Fisheries & Aquatic Health Nine Provincial Chief Ministers Resources Five MPs from Opposition Science & Technology Foreign Affairs Water Supply Housing Ministry of Disaster Management Highways Coast Conservation Urban Development Irrigation Power Education Defence DMC Environment Disaster Risk Management Mechanism at Sub-national Level

District Secretary Disaster Prov. Level Disaster District Disaster Management Management Committee Management Committee Centre Emergency Op. Rooms Local Authority Committees Govt. Departments District Military & Police Assistant Directors Div. Level Committees Private Sector

GN Committees NGOs/ Civil Village Societies volunteer Business Committees Communities

Early Warning, Medical / Health, Search & Rescue, Camp Management & Security Committees Disaster Management Coordination Framework

. National Disaster Management Coordinating Committee . District Disaster Management Committees . Divisional Disaster Management Committees . GN level Community Disaster Management Committees . Sub Committees at GN Level SUB COMMITTEES AT GN LEVEL

. Early Warning, . Medical / Health . Search & Rescue . Camp Management . Village Security  Early Warning and Dissemination Multi Hazard Early Warning System

Warning Given by Technical Agencies

DMC & Other Relevant Agencies

Vulnerable Communities 24 x 7 National Emergency Operations Centre Tsunami Warning System Tsunami of 26-12-2004

Numbers dead – 30, 959 09:00 (3-5 m) Numbers missing – 5, 644 Numbers displaced – 500, 669 08:50 (5-8 m)

08:40 (6-10 m)

(2 m) 09:30 08:30 (7-12 m)

(4-5 m) 09:20 08:50 (7-9 m) Note: Earthquake (4-9 m) 09:15 09:00 (7-9 m) occurred at 06:58 am Time of arrival of first wave and estimated max. wave height Tsunami Warning System

. Meteorology Department is connected to the following:

. Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre, Hawaii . Japanese Meteorological Agency . Other service providers . Bulletins from PTWC & JMA are given by GTS,FAX and E-MAIL

Mannar Station

Trincomalee

Colombo Station measures sea level every 01 minute and transfers data every 15 minutes via Japanese Meteorological Satellite (JMA) and MeteoSat. The Colombo station consists of 2 pressure sensors, 1 radar sensor and 2 floating gauges. Trincomalee and Kirinda Stations measures sea levels every 01 minute and transfers data every 15 minutes via MeteoSat. Both stations are equipped with pressure and radar sensors. Real time data are also in GTS. Instruments donated by BSH, Germany. Kirinda Receiving Technical Information from Various Countries Local Agencies PTWC

USGS DOM GDACS

INCOIS DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTER GSMB INDONESIAN EOC MET

NARA RIMES

AUS-MET

JMA PTWS Message

PTWC RANET SMS – PTWC Tsunami :- BULLETIN ISSUE – 2345 Z 31 JUL 2011 – ORG – 23312 31 Jul 2011- MAG 6.8 – Loc NEAR N COAST OF NEW GUINEA PNG

www.gdasc.org-JRC Message

Green Earth quick alert (6.1 m, depth 19.4 Km) in Vannatu 31/7 14.34 UTC POP 100 Km 0 www.gdasc.org-TRC Multi-Hazard Early Warning Dissemination System Receiving Early Warnings

PTWC USGS GDACS INCOIS INDONESIAN MET AUS-MET RIMES GSMB

Government NARA Agencies, Critical Agencies & Stakeholders DOM Police Radio Media & General Comm Public Multi-Hazards Early Out Puts SLT/ Dialog, Dissemination Warning Dissemination Unit Military SMS of Warning of the DMC Regional & Fax International Internet Organizations Satellite UN System, INGOs, com NGOs 24 Emergency Operation Center Cell Broad. Provincial Councils Police Com District Secretariats District Disaster Management Committees Military Divisional Divisional Disaster Management Committees Com Secretariats Warning Local Authorities Towers Village level DM Committees Police Stations DEWN

Hospitals Media Government Dpt.

NGOs, CBOs Speaker Sys. Bells / Sirens Messengers Riders / Cyclers Methods of Dissemination . National Level . TV Stations Early Warning Unit . Radio Station 24 x 7 Emergency Operations Centre . Early Warning Towers . Police & Military Communication . Cell Broadcast/ SMS . Technical Devices . Satellite & Radio Communication (HF & VHF) . Telephones / CDMA/ GSM

. Provincial / District Level . Radio Communication Emergency Operations Centre . Telephones / CDMA/ GSM Disaster management Coordinators . Police & Military Communication . AGA Division / Village Level . Telephones / CDMA/ GSM Early Warning Sub Committees/Teams . Police Vehicles – Announcements NGOs and CBOs . PA Systems . Sirens . Temple and church bells . Riders/ Push Bicycle & Motor Cycles/Messengers Breaking News through Media

• Media plays a prominent role in Sri Lanka covering the entire island through Television and FM Radio more than 50 channels. RADIO CHANNELS Early warning through Media. • SLBC • LAKHADA FM • SIRASA FM TV CHANNELS • DERANA FM • ITN • SRI FM • RUPAVAHINI • SIYATHA FM • SIRASA TV • KIRULA FM • DERANA TV • LAK FM • SHAKTHI TV • RANGIRI DAMBULU FM • • SIYATHA TV

NEWS ALERTS NEWS WEB SITES • JNW NEWS ALERTS SATTELITE TV • DERANA ALERTS • LIVE @ 8 ALERTS PEO TV NEWS BAR Telephone (fixed and mobile):

• Telephones plays an important role in warning communities about the impending danger of a disaster. • There were many examples of how simple phone warnings saved many lives in South Asian countries during the 2004 tsunami. • However there is a limitation on use of fixed and mobile communication due to congestion of the network system. Customized Mobile Service Network

National Emergency Operation Center Telephones- IP Phones/CDMA/Conference SYSTEMS JICA 74 Early Warning towers

Repeater Stations

EW Towers Early Warning Towers HF /VHF Equipments HF/VHF covering All 25 Districts in Sri Lanka

Colombo Anuradhapura Kalutara Polonnaruwa Galle Matara Kurunegala Ampara Kegalle Batticaloa Trincomalee Mulathive Monaragala Jaffna Rathnapura Kilinochchi Mannar Puttlam DMC Gampaha Vavuniya Disaster Management Center provided VHF hand held's to 10 Media Agencies to communicate with DMC

Satellite communication covering 25 Districts

Hand Held Desk Top

Thuraya Satellite phones Short Message Service (SMS) • Operators could communicate with each other via SMS more easily. • SMS also has another advantage over voice calls in that one message can be sent to a group simultaneously. Cell Broadcasting: • cell broadcasting facility is available in all cellular phones. • A public warning message in text can be sent to the screens of mobiles devices. Disaster Early Warning Network (DEWN)

DEWN SERVER

CB SMS

SMS (5000 CELL SELECTED DEWN BROADCAST KEY (9,000,000 CONTACTS) SYSTEM PEOPLE)

34 Deliver Messages through Internet, Email System to various Stakeholders

• Internet and email is used to disseminate information and early warning messages public. e-mail Disaster Management Centre Web Site Mega Phone & Public Addressing Systems Electric and Manual Sirens

Traditional Methods Community level Last-mile dissemination

Electronic Messengers/Runners media Motor cyclists/Cyclists /Three Wheelers DEWN Sirens/Bells RADIO Speaker systems in villages Telephone/Mobiles E-Communication Police vehicles with speakers Warning Hand held VHF set Towers

Telephones Mobile/SMS “Last Mile ” Dissemination

Government Community

Communication Tools

Tsunami Warning DEWN Multi hazard Temple Bell Flood Warning DMC EW tower

District Division Loudspeaker car SMS Police

Military Evacuation Instruction

Media Handy speaker In cooperation with Loudspeaker TV & Radio CBDM  Use of Defense Services and Police during the Early Warning Dissemination Early warning SF HQ (JFN) Dissemination

SF HQ (MLT)

JOH SF HQ (KLN)

ARMY HQ NAVY HQ AIR FORCE HQ SF HQ (VAN) SFHQs All Commands All Air Bases

Divisions Naval Bases SF HQ (EST) Brigades

Units AHQ DMC SF HQ (S) Companies

Platoons Dissemination Mechanism of Military Early Warning & Evacuation System

DMC

JOH

AIR ARMY NAVY FORCE DMC

Vulnerable Community Warning given to the vulnerable community through coastal Military locations Search and Rescue Teams from Defense Services

Army Search & Rescue Teams Naval 4 RS Teams Colombo 1 x Coy Western Command 15 x Teams Kalutara 1 x Coy Sothern Command 15 x Teams Galle 1 x Coy Eastern Command 20 x Teams Matara 1 x Coy Northern Command 10 x Teams Hambantota 1 x Coy North Central Command 20 x teams Ampara 1 x Coy North Western Command 08 x Teams Batticaloa 1 x Coy Trincomalee 1 x Coy Mulathive 1 x Coy Jaffna 1 x Coy Kilinochchi 1 x Coy Mannar 1 x Coy Puttlam 1 x Coy

Gampaha 1 x Coy All Search and Rescue Teams are

Vavuniya 1 x Coy equipped with HF / VHF and Mobile Phones Anuradhapura 1 x Coy Polonnaruwa 1 x Coy Matale 1 x Coy Kurunegala 1 x Coy Kandy 1 x Coy Kegalle 1 x Coy Nuwara Eliya 1 x Coy Badulla 1 x Coy Monaragala 1 x Coy Rathnapura 1 x Coy EOC-DMC

119 Mirihana

All Coastal Police Stations

Use of Police in Tsunami 119 Warning and Evacuation Communication Interoperability During Disaster Response Urban Search and Rescue International Assistant Teams

Neighboring Foreign Medical Teams Countries Landslide and Flood Warning System Diagram

Dynamic Model DoM NBRO Automatic Rainfall Measurement System

Pelmadulla DMC

Elapatha EARLY WARNING

Kalawana Kahawatte Nivithigala EW and Evacuation of Communities NBRO

Traditional communication systems in villages

LANDSLIDE WARNING

Public Announcements through Radio, TV (Cyclones, Floods, Landslides)

Public Evacuation Automatic Weather Station

50 End-to-End EW System in Pilot Project

Satellite District DMC DM Coordinator

AWS DOM

DS Office Telephone Line

Last Mile Rainfall Gauge DOI Waterlevel Gauge  Use of ICT in Disaster Management – Sri Lanka Information and Communications Technology in Disaster Mitigation and Management

• Information and Communications Technology (ICT) can be used to minimize the impact of disasters in many ways.

• ICT is used in almost all phases of the disaster management process. In the disaster mitigation and preparedness process, ICT is widely used to create early warning systems

• ICT, like any other tool, can deliver its best when the other necessary ingredients are in place. Where ICT fits in Disaster Management • Mitigation -includes any activities reduce the impact of a disasters. – Risk Assessments

• Preparedness -includes plans or preparations made to save lives / property, and to help the response and rescue operations. – Evacuation planning, mapping, EW systems

• Response -includes actions taken to save lives and prevent property damage, and to preserve the environment during emergencies or disasters. - Use of near-real time satellite data for emergency responses.

• Recovery -includes actions that assist a community to return back to normalcy after a disaster. ICT is also useful in, Reconstruction (site suitability analysis) and build back better. - Damage Assessment Space Technologies for Disaster Management

Images from earth observing satellites help assess the damage caused by disasters and assess vulnerability to hazards.

Satellite Meteorology help obtain precise weather forecast, thus provides early warning on floods, cyclones etc.

Satellite communications help warn people who are at risk, especially in remote areas. They help connect a disaster zone to the response agencies

Global navigation satellite systems enable us to obtain positional information in guiding response teams, identifying hazard areas and tracking of vehicle by GPS / GSM enabled systems..etc. 1 January 2004, Normal ocean condition Digital Globe Image‐ Quickbird 26 December 2004, Few Minutes before Tsunami Kalutara Digital Globe Image‐ Quickbird Use of Hazard Maps in National Planning & Development • Objective is to determine the probability of hazard events occurring across different regions of the Sri Lanka based on geological evidence, historical data, and projections derived from theoretical analysis for major hazards,

1. Coastal Hazards 2. Landslides 3. Drought 4. Cyclones 5. Floods Landslides hazard map Storm Surge Map Tsunami hazard map Tsunami inundation map of Jaffna area Develop Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessments (ISEA) as a Development Planning tool to Mainstream DRR Objectives are to • Integrate CCA & DRR into regional development plans and programmes • Allow for systemic data gathering by technical agencies in the field and promote data sharing • For land use planning, investments, • local and regional level decision making on development etc

Outputs Output is available as digital databases and maps in one web portals. www.isea.lk ISEA of Northern Province, Sri Lanka Identification of Down Stream of Dam Vulnerable areas which assist to Mainstream DRR & CCA into Regional Planning

Tsunami Warning Tower Locations Disaster Management Communication and Response Capacity Development Project

79°0'0"E 80°0'0"E 81°0'0"E 82°0'0"E

Active Tower Locations

District Ref No. Location

10°0'0"N 1Cassim Road, Kalmunaikudy ‐ 10, Kalmunai 2New Play Ground Road, Karaitivu ‐04, Karaitivu 41 3Hospital Road, Ninthavur ‐04, Ninthavur Ampara ³V 4DS Office, Thirukkovil ‐ 02, Thirukkovil 40 5 Samudragiri Vihara, Sinhala Maha Vidyalaya Road, Pothuvil ³V 6Komari‐02 Jaffna JaffnaJaffna 7Uriyan Kaddu, Vakarai, Batticaloa ! 8Kaluwankerny, Chenkalady, Batticaloa 9 Kalkuda, Valaichchenai, Battcaloa ³V38 Batticaloa 10 Kallady, Batticaloa 39 11 Kattan Kudy South, Batticaloa ³V 12 Koddai Kallar South, Kaluwanchikudy, Batticaloa 13 Puthukkudiruppu North Killinochchi 57 14 Lunawa Hospital, Egodauyana South, Moratuwa ! ³V Killinochchi 15 Arfath Muslim College, Egodauyana, Moratuwa 49³V Colombo 56 16 Mt Lavinia ³V 17 Mattakkuliya ³V! 55 Mulaitivu Mullaitivu 18 G/Sri Devananda College‐Ambalangoda Mulaitivu 19 Purana Totagamu Ratpath Rajamaha Viharaya, Telwatta ³V54 20 Rathnodayaramaya, Rathgama Junction, Rathgama 52 Galle 21 G/Vidyaloka College, Galle ³V 22 Coast Conservation Department, Regional Office Unawatuna 23 G/Shariputhra Maha Vidyalaya, Ahangama Mannar 53 ! ³V 24 No. 20A, Brahmanawatta North 9°0'0"N 25 St. Stephen's Church, Negombo Town ³V ³V74 26 Basiyawatta Primary School, Basiyawatta 51 Gampaha 27 Don Bosco Headquarters, Dungalpitiya Mannar 28 Preethipura Childrens Home, Palliyawatta North 50³V VavuniyaVa vuni ya 29 77A‐Kammaltara ! Vavuniya 30 Muslim Vidyalaya, Kirinda 69 31 Police Station, Hambantota ³V 32 Fisheries Port, Godavaya, 70 33 Vehera 09, Bata Atha South, Hungama Hambanthota ! 34 Oruwella, Rekawa, Netolpitiya 1$³VTrincomalee 35 Wijesundararamaya, Danketiya, Tangalle ³V 36 Fisheries Port, Kudawella 71 ³V 37 Sisilasagama Anuradhapura 72 ! 38 J‐30 Uduththurai Anuradhapura Trincomalee 39 Delft Centre Trincomalee 73 Jaffna ³V 40 Manatkadu J/418 41 Valvatithurai North 42 Army Camp, Nalluruwa, Panadura 43 Tangarine Beach Hotel, Kaluthara North 44 St. Phillip Church, Katukurunda ³V7 Kalutara 45 Beruwala Abinawaramaya, Hettikanda 46 St. Mary's Church‐Maggona, Kaluthara Puttalam ! 47 Payagala 1$ Polonnaruwa 48 Wadduwa Puttalam Polonnaruwa 8°0'0"N Kilinochchi 49 Ponamkaddi /kN/76 ! Polonnaruwa 50 ArippuEast Mannar 51 Vankalai 8 52 Thalaimannar Pier East ³V Batticaloa³V9 58 Police Station‐Weligama 65 ³V 10 59 Fisheries harbour, Mirissa Matale ! Batticaloa ³V 11 60 Raja Maha Viharaya , Polhena Kurunegala ³V Matara 61 Sanath Jaysooriya Stadium, Matara Kurunegala ³V13 62 Puranawella fisheries harbour, Devinuwara 63 Police Station‐Dikwella 68³V 64 Naotunna South ‐442 Kurunegala ! Matale 12 53 Kokkulai West ! ³V 54 Allampili South 66³V 1 Mullaitivu 55 Kovilkudiyiruppu ³V³V2 56 Mulliwakkal West 3 67 Ampara ³V 57 Ampalavan pokkanai ³V Kandy ! 29 1$ 65 Rural Hospital, Udappuwa ³V Kegalla 1$! Kandy 66 Barudelpola, Kudamaduwella Mahawewa ! Ampara Puttalam 67 Ariyapura Fisheries Village, Kadawatha, Vennappuwa 25 ³V³V26 68 577 Weralabada 27³VGampaha 69 Nilaveli Tamil Maha Vidyalayam, Kuchchceveli ! ³V4 1$Gampaha Kegalle 70 Central Bus Stand, Trincomalee Badulla 71 Al‐Hira Maha Vidyalayam, Kinniya 28³V Badulla Nuwara Eliya Trincomalee 17 1$! Badulla 72 Tharul Janna Vidyalayam, Muthur ³V ! 6 7°0'0"N Colombo ³V 73 Elangathurai Mugaththuwaram GTMS, Echchilampathu 1$! Nuwara Eliya 74 Pulmoddai‐11 Monaragala Colombo ! ³V5 16³V 14³V Moneragala 15 ³V 42³V $1! 48³V Kalutara 43 Kalutara ³V! $1 44 Rathnapura 47³V ³³VV45 46³V

24³V Hambantota 18³V Hambantota Galle ³V30 19³V Matara 1$ Hambantota Matara ³V³V ³!V ³V 32 37 31 ³V Galle 33 20 ! ³V ³V Matara ³V 34 21 ³V 35 22 23³V ³V 1$ ³V 6°0'0"N ³V ! ³V ³V 58 ³V³V 63 36 59 60 61³V 64 62

Legend Map data source: Disaster Management Centre of Sri Lanka (DMC) Area Detail DMC, Sri Lanka Ministry of Disaster Management Tower Location in function Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 7. ³V Disclaimers: Tel: +94 (11) 2670071, Fax: +94 (11) 2670048, Emergency Operation Centre The boundaries and names shown and the $1 Website: www.dmc.gov.lk designations # Building © 2012 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian affairs Sri Lanka Creation Date: 29 Mar 2012 Produced through the generous support of: ! District Main Town Projection/Datum: Transverse Mercator / Kandawala

Main Road 0525 0202-204, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7, Kilometers Tel: +94 (11) 4528689, Fax: +94 (11) 4528690, District Boundary Email: [email protected] , Map Doc Name: OCHA/LK/DMC/Tsunami Tower/ 001/ V4 Website: www.hpsl.lk Disaster Inventory

Inventory of disaster occurrences recorded for last 30 years as a web portal for planning and decision making at all the levels

www.desinventar.lk Use of Satellite Imageries in Emergency Responses

Connected with International Partners

•UNSPIDER •Sentinel Asia / JAXA •UNOSAT Flood Inundation Mapping, East and North Central Provinces-2011

Floods shown Floods shown in red color in red color

Near Real Time Satellite Images from JAXA, Analyzed by DMC Batticaloa District

Livestock Damages : Neat Cattles :30,191 Buffaloes : 7,132 Goats :16,146 Poultries :105,778 Alternative Poultries: 403

Agricultural Crops Damages Paddy : 115,002 Acres (Damage status as at 31st January 2011, source :district secretariat, Batticaloa) Tanks damaged : 11 (Major) 102 (Minor ) Damages to Irrigation Schemes : • 08 Schemes, Cost of Damage: Mn 300 Roads damaged (length) : 255 km satellite image shows flood inundation in red color Trincomalee District

Livestock Damages : Cattle :4727, Buffaloes : 4416, Goats :4901, Poultries :17085

Agricultural Crops Damages : Paddy : 32614 ha, Vegetables : 130, Fruits: 241, Other Field Crops: 1,575

Damaged Irrigation Schemes : 09 Schemes, Cost of Damage: Mn 250 satellite image shows flood inundation in red color Application of LiDAR Survey for Disaster Management HyperDEM” Puttalam Lidar Surveys for the Coastal Zone Batticaloa Funded by the Italian Government

Airborne acquisition (Stage 1) Colombo Pottuvil Airborne acquisition (Stage 2) Kalutara

Satellite acquisition Galle s Hambantota (Stage 2) Application of Lidar Surveys Project “HyperDEM” Galle (Sri Lanka)-

Full 3-D reconstruction of the urban area of Galle. In foreview, the Dutch Fort Project “HyperDEM”

3-D PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE DUTCH FORT IN GALLE

DIGITAL DIGITAL SURFACE MODEL TERRAIN MODEL 0 metres

HyperDEM sealevel Galle – Surge Simulation (I) Surge Galle – + 1 metre + 1

HyperDEM Sea level Galle – Surge Simulation (II) Surge Galle – + 2 metres + 2

HyperDEM Sea level Galle – Surge Simulation (III) Surge Galle – + 3 metres + 3

HyperDEM Sea level Galle – Surge Simulation (IV) Surge Galle – Galle – Surge Simulation (V)

+ 4 metres Sea level HyperDEM Initiatives in the Pipeline

• Sri Lanka Telecom automated rings to Coastal Populations for Tsunami Warning • To provide VHF communication to Divisional and most vulnerable towns and villages. • Establish Dynamic Web portal to disseminate all the hazards, vulnerability and risk maps (GeoNode with WB)