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Les Possibilités De Dispersion Et Éléments D'habitat-Refuge Dans Un

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Les Possibilités De Dispersion Et Éléments D'habitat-Refuge Dans Un Les possibilités de dispersion et éléments d’habitat-refuge dans un paysage d’agriculture intensive fragmenté par un réseau routier dense : le cas de la petite faune dans la plaine du Bas-Rhin Jonathan Jumeau To cite this version: Jonathan Jumeau. Les possibilités de dispersion et éléments d’habitat-refuge dans un paysage d’agriculture intensive fragmenté par un réseau routier dense : le cas de la petite faune dans la plaine du Bas-Rhin. Ecosystèmes. Université de Strasbourg, 2017. Français. NNT : 2017STRAJ120. tel-01768001 HAL Id: tel-01768001 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01768001 Submitted on 16 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 414 UMR7178 – UMR6553 THÈSE présentée par : Jonathan JUMEAU soutenue le : 16 octobre 2017 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité : Biologie de la conservation Les possibilités de dispersion et éléments d’habitat-refuge dans un paysage d'agriculture intensive fragmenté par un réseau routier dense : le cas de la petite faune dans la plaine du Bas-Rhin THÈSE dirigée par : Dr. HANDRICH Yves Chargé de recherches, Université de Strasbourg Dr. BUREL Françoise Directrice de recherches, Université de Rennes 1 RAPPORTEURS : Pr. GUÉROLD François Professeur, Université de Lorraine Pr. JOLY Pierre Professeur, Université de Lyon 1 AUTRES MEMBRES : Dr. LE MAHO Yvon Directeur de recherches, Université de Strasbourg Dr. LE VIOL Isabelle Maitre de conférences, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle MEMBRES DU JURY INVITÉS : Mme. ZIMMERMANN Isabelle Ingénieur, Conseil Départemental du Bas-Rhin M. CARSIGNOL Jean Ingénieur, Centre d’études et d’expertise sur les risques, l’environnement, la mobilité et l’aménagement A la Nature tout simplement 1 2 Une thèse soutenue par 3 4 Table des matières résumée Le présent mémoire est divisé en trois chapitres. Les annexes propres à chaque chapitre sont situées en fin de chaque chapitre. Avant-propos et travail doctoral ..................................................................................................i Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Premier chapitre : ECO-VIE – Quelle est la potentialité écologique des éléments abiotiques du paysage ?..................................................................................................................................... 47 Deuxième chapitre : ECO-ROUTE – Peut-on prédire les collisions avec la petite faune ? ...................................................................................................................................................... 179 Troisième chapitre : ECO-DUC – Quelle efficacité des passages petite faune ? ………….................................................................................................................... 257 Conclusion générale .................................................................................................................. 440 Bibliographie .............................................................................................................................. 445 Résumé ......................................................................................................................................... 484 5 Table des matières générale Avant-propos et travail doctoral ..................................................................................................i Préambule : l’odeur de l’herbe coupée ........................................................................................... ii Avant-propos : cadre professionnel de la thèse ............................................................................ iv Remerciements personnels ............................................................................................................. v Remerciements métaphysiques ..................................................................................................... vi Sigles et abréviations ...................................................................................................................... vii Publications scientifiques ................................................................................................................ ix Oraux et posters .............................................................................................................................. xi Conférences ................................................................................................................................... xiii Formations ..................................................................................................................................... xiv Pédagogie........................................................................................................................................ xv Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 I) Des hommes et des paysages ...................................................................................................... 4 A) La perte de biodiversité actuelle ....................................................................................... 4 B) Les paysages ...................................................................................................................... 20 C) Le cas de la plaine du Bas-Rhin ........................................................................................ 28 II) Le quotidien d’un animal dans un paysage d’agriculture intensive traversé par un réseau routier dense : l’exemple de la plaine du Bas-Rhin ..................................................................... 33 A) Où est la vie ? .................................................................................................................... 34 i B) Comment la petite faune se déplace-t-elle ? .................................................................. 36 Annexes de l’introduction ............................................................................................................. 39 Annexe n°i-1 : La prise en compte des effets de la route sur l’environnement dans les projets routiers ...................................................................................................................... 40 Annexe n°i-2 : Stratégies pour la préservation de la Biodiversité ...................................... 42 Annexe n°i-3 : L’écologie de la route ................................................................................... 44 Premier chapitre : ECO-VIE – Quelle est la potentialité écologique des éléments abiotiques du paysage ? ............................................................................................................ 47 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 50 Contexte ................................................................................................................................ 50 Etat de l’art bibliographique ................................................................................................. 51 Objectif du 1èr chapitre ......................................................................................................... 61 Première partie .............................................................................................................................. 62 Contexte de l’étude............................................................................................................... 63 Résumé de l’étude ................................................................................................................ 66 Etude détaillée ....................................................................................................................... 68 À propos ................................................................................................................................. 94 Conclusion et principal message (Etude 1) .......................................................................... 94 Deuxième partie ............................................................................................................................. 96 Contexte de l’étude............................................................................................................... 97 Résumé de l’étude ................................................................................................................ 99 ii Etude détaillée ..................................................................................................................... 102 À propos ............................................................................................................................... 133 Conclusion et principal message (Etude 2) ........................................................................ 133 Troisième
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