DOCSLIB.ORG

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 53, 221–228 (2007)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 53, 221–228 (2007) J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 53, 221–228 (2007) Full Paper Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans sp. nov., a naphthalene-degrading bacterium isolated from polychlorinated-dioxin-contaminated environments Saori Suzuki and Akira Hiraishi* Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441–8580, Japan (Received February 8, 2007; Accepted May 30, 2007) Three strains of strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, naphthalene-degrading bacteria isolated from polychlorinated-dioxin-contaminated soil and sediment were characterized. These isolates grew well with naphthalene as the sole carbon and energy source, degrading it completely within 24 h of incubation. The isolates also degraded dibenzofuran co-metabolically in the presence of naphthalene with the concomitant production of yellow intermediate metabolite(s). A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates affiliated to the genus Novosphingobium with Novosphingobium pentaromativorans and Novosphingobium subarcticum as their nearest phy- logenetic neighbors (97.4–97.5% similarity). The isolates had a genomic DNA G؉C ratio of 64.5–64.6 mol% and formed a genetically coherent group distinguishable from any established species of the genus Novosphingobium at a DNA-DNA hybridization level of less than 46%. The cellular fatty acids were characterized by the predominance of 18 : 1w7c with significant propor- tions of 16 : 0, 16 : 1w7c, 17 : 1w6c and 2-OH 14 : 0. Sphingoglycolipids were present. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Spermidine was detected as the major polyamine. The distinct taxonomic position of the isolates within the Novosphingobium was also demonstrated by physiological and biochemical testing. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, we propose Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans sp. nov. to accommodate the novel isolates. The type strain is strain TUT562T (DSM 18518T, JCM 13951T, NBRC 102051T). Key Words——naphthalene degradation; Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans; polychlorinated diox- ins; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Introduction Wittich, 1998). Large numbers of aromatic- and PAH- degrading bacteria from polluted environments have Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons been isolated and characterized. The so-called sphin- (PAHs), including polychlorinated dioxins/furans gomonads represent a major group of the aromatic- (PCDD/Fs), by microorganisms has received much at- compound-degrading alphaproteobacteria frequently tention in connection with natural attenuation and isolated from polluted environments (Leys et al., 2004; bioremediation of xenobiotic pollution (Hiraishi, 2003; Pinyakong et al., 2003; Yabuuchi et al., 2001). In par- ticular, members of the genus Novosphingobium, * Address reprint requests to: Dr. Akira Hiraishi, Department which was created to reclassify some species of the of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, genus Sphingomonas by Takeuchi et al. (2001), are Toyohashi 441–8580, Japan. Tel: +81–532–44–6913 Fax: +81–532–44–6929 aromatic-compound degraders in general (Balkwill et E-mail: [email protected] al., 1997; Fujii et al., 2003; Liu et al., 2005; Sohn et al., 222 SUZUKI and HIRAISHI Vol. 53 2004; Tiirola et al., 2005). with two-layer liquid medium were aerobically incu- Previously, we isolated a number of dibenzofuran- bated on a reciprocal shaker. Growth was monitored degrading aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria from by measuring the optical density at 660 nm (OD660), soil and sediment contaminated with different levels of and the concentration of substrate remaining in cul- PCDD/Fs (Futamata et al., 2004). In further studies, tures was measured by reverse-phase HPLC as previ- one of the isolates derived from highly contaminated ously described (Futamata et al., 2004; Hiraishi et al., soil, strain TUT562T, which is phylogenetically affiliated 2002). General cell morphology was studied using an with the genus Novosphingobium, has been found to Olympus phase-contrast microscope and a JEOL grow well with naphthalene as the sole carbon and en- transmission electron microscope. Gram-reaction was ergy source. In this paper, we report the characteristics determined using a Favor G Gram-stain kit (Nissui) ac- of strain TUT562T and 2 additional naphthalene-de- cording to the manufacturer’s instructions. Assimilation grading strains isolated from PCDD/F-contaminated of organic compounds was determined using an API sediment, and propose to classify them as a novel 20E kit (bioMérieux). Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) species with the name Novosphingobium naph- were extracted according to the standard protocol of thalenivorans. the Microbial Identification System (MIDI; Microbial ID) and analyzed by TechnoSuruga Japan Co. (Shizuoka, Materials and Methods Japan) using a Hewlett Packard model HP6890A gas chromatograph equipped with an FID detector. Respi- Test strains and cultivation. Strain TUT562T was ratory quinones were extracted with an organic solvent previously isolated from farmland soil highly contami- mixture and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC as de- nated with PCDD/Fs (920 pg-TEQ [toxic equivalent] scribed previously (Hiraishi et al., 1996). Polyamine gϪ1 dry wt) (Futamata et al., 2004). Strains TUT564 patterns and all other phenotypic characteristics were and TUT618 were newly isolated from PCDD/F-conta- determined as described previously (Barrow and minated river sediment (1,000 pg-TEQ gϪ1 dry wt) Feltham, 1993; Takeuchi et al., 2001). (Yoshida et al., 2005) and lake sediment (9.2 pg-TEQ DNA base composition and DNA-DNA hybridization. gϪ1 dry wt) (Hiraishi et al., 2005b), respectively, in this Genomic DNA was extracted and purified by the study. The 2 strains from the aquatic sediments were method of Marmur (1961). DNA base composition was obtained through an enrichment and isolation proce- determined by the HPLC method of Mesbah et al. dure using dibenzofuran-containing liquid medium and (1989). DNA-DNA hybridization studies were per- dibenzofuran-coated agar plates as described previ- formed by the dot-blot hybridization method with alka- ously (Futamata et al., 2004; Kubota et al., 2005). The line phosphatase labeling and chemiluminescence de- type strains of respective Novosphingobium species tection using an Amersham-Pharmacia AlkalPhos kit were obtained from the DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung as described previously (Kubota et al., 2005). von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunshweig, 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis. 16S Germany, the Japan Collection of Microorganisms rRNA genes from the cell lysate were amplified by (JCM), Wako, Japan, and the National Bioresouces PCR with bacterial consensus universal primers Center (NBRC), Kisarazu, Japan (see Table 3). For (Weisburg et al., 1991) as described previously (Hira- preparing pre- and main cultures, the test organisms ishi, 1992). PCR products were sequenced directly were grown aerobically in PBY medium (Futamata et using a Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit and a al., 2004) on a reciprocal shaker at 30°C. These cul- PRISM 3100 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems). tures at the mid- to late-exponential phase of growth Sequence data were compiled with the GENETYX- were used for phenotypic and genetic analyses. MAC program (GENETYX Corp.) and compared to Phenotypic testing.All media used for phenotypic those available from the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nu- testing was incubated at 30°C unless otherwise indi- cleotide sequence database using the BLAST search cated. Degradation of aromatic compounds including system (Altschul et al., 1997). Multiple alignment of se- PAHs was determined in 20-ml screw-capped test quence, calculation of the corrected evolutionary dis- tubes containing 6 ml of mineral liquid medium supple- tance (Kimura, 1980), and construction of a neighbor- mented with 0.5 ml of an aromatic solution in hep- joining phylogenetic tree (Saitou and Nei, 1987) were tamethylnonane (Hiraishi et al., 2002). The test tubes performed using the CLUSTAL W program (Thompson 2007 Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans sp. nov. 223 et al., 1994). The topology of the tree was evaluated by bootstrapping with 1,000 replicates (Felsenstein, 1985). Alignment positions with gaps were excluded from all calculations. Nucleotide sequence accession numbers. The DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TUT562T is AB177883. Results and Discussion Degradation of aromatics Strains TUT562T, TUT564, and TUT618 were ob- tained through a screening of aerobic dibenzofuran de- graders from PCDD/F-contaminated environments. On the dibenzofuran-coated nutrient agar plates, all of the isolates formed clear zones with concomitant produc- tion of soluble yellow pigment around colonies. Testing for the degradation of other aromatics on agar plates showed that the isolates also broke down naphthalene but exhibited little or no degradation of biphenyl, p- cresol, dibenzo-p-dioxin or m-xylene. The utilization by the isolates of naphthalene and dibenzofuran as the sole carbon and energy source T were studied in greater detail in the aqueous/nonane Fig. 1. Growth of strain TUT562 by degrading naphtha- lene (a), dibenzofuran (b), and dibenzofuran plus naphthalene. two-phase liquid medium. All of the isolates grew well Symbols: open circles, growth (OD660) with PAH; closed cir- in the liquid medium containing naphthalene as the cles, growth without PAH (control); open triangles, the amount sole carbon and energy source, in which the substrate of naphthalene remaining; closed triangles, the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolutionary Genomics of an Ancient Prophage of the Order Sphingomonadales
    GBE Evolutionary Genomics of an Ancient Prophage of the Order Sphingomonadales Vandana Viswanathan1,2, Anushree Narjala1, Aravind Ravichandran1, Suvratha Jayaprasad1,and Shivakumara Siddaramappa1,* 1Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 2Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: February 10, 2017 Data deposition: Genome sequences were downloaded from GenBank, and their accession numbers are provided in table 1. Abstract The order Sphingomonadales, containing the families Erythrobacteraceae and Sphingomonadaceae, is a relatively less well-studied phylogenetic branch within the class Alphaproteobacteria. Prophage elements are present in most bacterial genomes and are important determinants of adaptive evolution. An “intact” prophage was predicted within the genome of Sphingomonas hengshuiensis strain WHSC-8 and was designated Prophage IWHSC-8. Loci homologous to the region containing the first 22 open reading frames (ORFs) of Prophage IWHSC-8 were discovered among the genomes of numerous Sphingomonadales.In17genomes, the homologous loci were co-located with an ORF encoding a putative superoxide dismutase. Several other lines of molecular evidence implied that these homologous loci represent an ancient temperate bacteriophage integration, and this horizontal transfer event pre-dated niche-based speciation within the order Sphingomonadales. The “stabilization” of prophages in the genomes of their hosts is an indicator of “fitness” conferred by these elements and natural selection. Among the various ORFs predicted within the conserved prophages, an ORF encoding a putative proline-rich outer membrane protein A was consistently present among the genomes of many Sphingomonadales. Furthermore, the conserved prophages in six Sphingomonas sp. contained an ORF encoding a putative spermidine synthase.
    [Show full text]
  • Novosphingobium Pentaromativorans US6-1
    Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1 Yihua Lyu1,2, Wei Zheng1,2, Tianling Zheng1,2, Yun Tian1,2* 1 Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China, 2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Abstract Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1, a marine bacterium isolated from muddy sediments of Ulsan Bay, Republic of Korea, was previously shown to be capable of degrading multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In order to gain insight into the characteristics of PAHs degradation, a proteome analysis of N. pentaromativorans US6-1 exposed to phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene was conducted. Several enzymes associated with PAHs degradation were identified, including 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase, and PAH ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase alpha subunit. Reverse transcription and real-time quantitative PCR was used to compare RHDa and 4- hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase gene expression, and showed that the genes involved in the production of these two enzymes were upregulated to varying degrees after exposing the bacterium to PAHs. These results suggested that N. pentaromativorans US6-1 degraded PAHs via the metabolic route initiated by ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase, and further degradation occurred via the o-phthalate pathway or salicylate pathway. Both pathways subsequently entered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and were mineralized to CO2. Citation: Lyu Y, Zheng W, Zheng T, Tian Y (2014) Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101438. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101438 Editor: Stephen J. Johnson, University of Kansas, United States of America Received February 26, 2014; Accepted June 5, 2014; Published July 9, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Lyu et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Novosphingobium Humi Sp. Nov., Isolated from Soil of a Military Shooting Range
    TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Hyeon et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:3083–3088 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002089 Novosphingobium humi sp. nov., isolated from soil of a military shooting range Jong Woo Hyeon,1† Kyungchul Kim,2† Ah Ryeong Son,1 Eunmi Choi,3 Sung Kuk Lee2,3,* and Che Ok Jeon1,* Abstract A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated R1-4T, was isolated from soil from a military shooting range in the Republic of Korea. Cells were non-motile short rods, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. Growth of R1-4T was observed at 15–45 C (optimum, 30 C) and pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). R1-4T contained summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1!7c/C18 : 1!6c), summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1!7c/C16 : 1!6c), cyclo-C19 : 0!8c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids and ubiquinone-10 as the sole isoprenoid quinone. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown glycolipid and four unknown lipids were detected as polar lipids. The major polyamine was spermidine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.4 mol%. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that R1-4T formed a tight phylogenetic lineage with Novosphingobium sediminicola HU1-AH51T within the genus Novosphingobium. R1-4T was most closely related to N. sediminicola HU1-AH51T with a 98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The DNA–DNA relatedness between R1-4T and the type strain of N. sediminicola was 37.8±4.2 %. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, it is clear that R1-4T represents a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, for which the name Novosphingobium humi sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Bacterial Community Naturally
    Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 10171-10197; doi:10.3390/ijerph120810171 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Characterization of the Bacterial Community Naturally Present on Commercially Grown Basil Leaves: Evaluation of Sample Preparation Prior to Culture-Independent Techniques Siele Ceuppens 1, Stefanie Delbeke 1, Dieter De Coninck 2, Jolien Boussemaere 1, Nico Boon 3 and Mieke Uyttendaele 1,* 1 Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; E-Mails: [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (J.B.) 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (LabFBT), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-92-646-178; Fax: +32-92-255-510. Academic Editor: Paul B. Tchounwou Received: 7 July 2015 / Accepted: 19 August 2015 / Published: 21 August 2015 Abstract: Fresh herbs such as basil constitute an important food commodity worldwide. Basil provides considerable culinary and health benefits, but has also been implicated in foodborne illnesses. The naturally occurring bacterial community on basil leaves is currently unknown, so the epiphytic bacterial community was investigated using the culture-independent techniques denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of an Rsh Gene from a Novosphingobium Sp. Necessary for Quorum- Sensing Signal Accumulation Han Ming Gan Rochester Institute of Technology
    Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Articles 4-2009 Identification of an rsh Gene from a Novosphingobium sp. Necessary for Quorum- Sensing Signal Accumulation Han Ming Gan Rochester Institute of Technology Larry Buckley Rochester Institute of Technology Ernő Szegedi Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology André O. Hudson Rochester Institute of Technology Michael A. Savka Rochester Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.rit.edu/article Recommended Citation Gan HM, Buckley L, Szegedi E, Hudson AO, Savka MA. 2009. Identification of an rsh gene from a Novosphingobium sp. necessary for quorum-sensing signal accumulation. J Bacteriol 191:2551–2560. doi:10.1128/JB.01692-08. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 2009, p. 2551–2560 Vol. 191, No. 8 0021-9193/09/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/JB.01692-08 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Identification of an rsh Gene from a Novosphingobium sp. Necessary for Quorum-Sensing Signal Accumulationᰔ† Han Ming Gan,1 Larry Buckley,1 Erno˝ Szegedi,2 Andre´ O. Hudson,1 and Michael A. Savka1* Department of Biological Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York 14623,1 and Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology, P.O. Box 25, H-6001 Kecskeme´t, Hungary2 Received 4 December 2008/Accepted 29 January 2009 The stringent response is a mechanism by which bacteria adapt to environmental stresses and nutritional deficiencies through the synthesis and hydrolysis of (p)ppGpp by RelA/SpoT enzymes.
    [Show full text]
  • Carotenoid Nostoxanthin Production by Sphingomonas Sp. SG73 Isolated from Deep Sea Sediment
    marine drugs Article Carotenoid Nostoxanthin Production by Sphingomonas sp. SG73 Isolated from Deep Sea Sediment Hiroshi Kikukawa 1,2 , Takuma Okaya 1, Takashi Maoka 3, Masayuki Miyazaki 4 , Keita Murofushi 2,5, Takanari Kato 6, Yoko Hirono-Hara 1, Masahiro Katsumata 6, Shoichi Miyahara 5 and Kiyotaka Y. Hara 1,2,* 1 Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; [email protected] (H.K.); [email protected] (T.O.); [email protected] (Y.H.-H.) 2 Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; [email protected] 3 Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-Morimotocho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan; [email protected] 4 Institute for Extra-Cutting-Edge Science and Technology Avant-Garde Research (X-Star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan; [email protected] 5 Industrial Research Institute of Shizuoka Prefecture, 2078 Makigaya, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 421-1298, Japan; [email protected] 6 Hagoromo Foods Corporation, 151 Shimazaki-cho, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0823, Japan; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (M.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Kikukawa, H.; Okaya, T.; Abstract: Carotenoids are used commercially for dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceu- Maoka, T.; Miyazaki, M.; Murofushi, ticals because of their antioxidant activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Novosphingobium Nitrogenifigens Rmm20, a Diazotrophic Endophyte with Multiple Plant- Growth Promotion Traits
    Plant Archives Volume 20 No. 2, 2020 pp. 6929-6934 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVOSPHINGOBIUM NITROGENIFIGENS RMM20, A DIAZOTROPHIC ENDOPHYTE WITH MULTIPLE PLANT- GROWTH PROMOTION TRAITS Rana Maher Mostafa, Zenat Kamel Mohamed Ibrahim and Mohamed Gamal Salah* Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. Abstract Utilization of plant growth-promoting diazotrophic endophytes is ecofriendly alternative technology for diminishing the use of chemical fertilizer in agriculture. In this study, the endophytic diazotrophic strain RMM20 isolated from roots of wild Bromus aegyptiacus plant was identified as Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens; based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The nitrogen-fixing strain produced significant levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and ACC deaminase. Furthermore, the strain exhibited the capacity for siderophore production, in vitro. The results indicate that RMM20 could function as a plant growth promoter. Key words: Isolation, Nitrogen-fixation, Endophyte, Diazotroph, Siderophore, IAA, Introduction 2018). Thus, they have a crucial role in plant nutrition through non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, facilitating the Nitrogen is the macronutrient that commonly limits availability of phosphorus and iron in the rhizosphere, and the growth and productivity of non-leguminous plants. production of phytohormones (Chauhan et al., 2017; Chemical fertilizers are commonly used to supply essential Thakur et al., 2017; Sarkar et al., 2018). Ethylene (C H ) nutrients to soil-plant systems in various cultivated crops. 2 4 is an important phytohormone which is produced in most Nevertheless, the use of high amounts of chemical plants and affects various developmental processes. fertilizers, especially nitrogen, has raised environmental During abiotic stress such as drought and salinity, the concerns in the current agricultural systems (Kifle and endogenous ethylene level increases resulting in adverse Laing 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal of Novosphingobium Rhizosphaerae Sp. Nov., Isolated from the Rhizosphere
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2015), 65, 195–200 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.070375-0 Proposal of Novosphingobium rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere Peter Ka¨mpfer,1 Karin Martin,2 John A. McInroy3 and Stefanie P. Glaeser1 Correspondence 1Institut fu¨r Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universita¨t Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Peter Ka¨mpfer Germany [email protected] 2Leibniz-Institut fu¨r Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V., Hans-Kno¨ll-Institut., giessen.de D-07745 Jena, Germany 3Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA A yellow, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain JM-1T) was isolated from the rhizosphere of a field-grown Zea mays plant in Auburn, AL, USA. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain JM-1T showed high sequence similarity to the type strains of Novosphingobium capsulatum (98.9 %), Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (97.4 %), Novosphingobium subterraneum (97.3 %) and Novosphingobium taihuense (97.1 %); sequence similarities to all other type strains of species of the genus Novosphingobium were below 97.0 %. DNA–DNA hybridizations of strain JM-1T and N. capsulatum DSM 30196T, N. aromaticivorans SMCC F199T and N. subterraneum SMCC B0478T showed low similarity values of 33 % (reciprocal: 21 %), 14 % (reciprocal 16 %) and 36 % (reciprocal 38 %), respectively. Ubiquinone Q-10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1v7c (71.0 %) and the typical 2-hydroxy fatty acid C14 : 0 2-OH (11.7 %) was detected. The polar lipid profile contained the diagnostic lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphin- goglycolipid and phosphatidylcholine.
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Communities in Field-Grown Maize Plants Inoculated with Azospirillum Brasilense
    Ann Microbiol (2015) 65:2187–2200 DOI 10.1007/s13213-015-1059-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Composition and activity of endophytic bacterial communities in field-grown maize plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Emilyn Emy Matsumura & Vinícius Andrade Secco & Renata Stolf Moreira & Odair José Andrade Pais dos Santos & Mariangela Hungria & André Luiz Martinez de Oliveira Received: 12 November 2014 /Accepted: 12 February 2015 /Published online: 1 April 2015 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2015 Abstract The application of agricultural practices in which and metabolically active endophytic bacterial communities of non-leguminous plants are inoculated with growth-promoting field-grown maize plants, we extracted total DNA and RNA diazotrophic bacteria is gaining importance worldwide. from maize plants inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense strain Nevertheless, an efficient strategy for using this inoculation Ab-V5 that were growing in Oxisol and treated with regular and technology is still lacking, and a better comprehension of the low levels of N-fertilizers (RN and LN, respectively). Four clon- environmental factors that influence a plant’s ability to support al libraries were constructed and sequenced and the dominant its associative bacterial community is indispensable to achiev- populations analyzed. Partial description of the bacterial diver- ing standardized inoculation responses. To address the effects sity indicated that plants receiving RN- and LN-treatments can of nitrogen (N)-fertilization on the diversity of both the total maintain bacterial communities with similar diversity indexes for the total endophytic bacterial community, although the com- munities of Novosphingobium and Methylobacterium were un- Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article evenly distributed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Microbial Ecology and Horticultural Sustainability of Organically and Conventionally Managed Apples
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: THE MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AND HORTICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY OF ORGANICALLY AND CONVENTIONALLY MANAGED APPLES. Andrea R. Ottesen, PhD, 2008 Directed By: Professor, Dr. Christopher S. Walsh, Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture Objectives Organically and conventionally managed apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) were evaluated for three growing seasons (2005-2007) to examine the impact of organic and conventional pesticide applications on the microbial ecology of phyllosphere and soil microflora. An important objective was to establish if organic or conventional selection pressures contribute to an increased presence of enteric pathogens in phyllosphere microflora. The horticultural and economic sustainability of the organic crop was also compared to the conventional crop with regard to fruit yield and input costs. Methods Microbial populations from phyllosphere and soil environments of apple trees were evaluated using clone libraries of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Clones were sequenced and software was used to assess diversity indices, identify shared similarities and compute statistical differences between communities. These measurements were subsequently used to examine treatment effects on the microbial libraries. Phyllosphere Results Eight bacterial phyla and 14 classes were found in this environment. A statistically significant difference between organically and conventionally managed phyllosphere bacterial microbial communities was observed at four of six sampling time points. Unique phylotypes were found associated with each management treatment but no increased human health risk could be associated with either treatment with regard to enteric pathogens. Soil Results Seventeen bacterial phyla spanning twenty-two classes, and two archaeal phyla spanning eight classes, were seen in the 16S rRNA gene libraries of organic and conventional soil samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Type of the Paper (Article
    Supplementary Materials Table S1. Ingredients of modified MR (N-free MR) agar medium. Ingredients Amount (L−1) K2HPO4 0.8g KH2PO4 0.2g NaCl 0.1g Na2MoO4·2H2O 0.025g Fe(III)-EDTA 0.012g yeast extract 0.1g sucrose 0.5g mannitol 0.3g malic acid 0.13g MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g CaCl2·2H2O 0.044g p-aminobenzoic acid 10μg biotin 5μg agar 20g pH 6.8 NH4NO3 (0.1g/L) was added for N-plus MR medium. Table S2. PCR ingredients for amplification of 16S rRNA and nifH genes. Amount (µL) Ingredients 16S rRNA nifH Reaction buffer(10X) (BIONEER) 1.0 1.0 dNTPs mixture (2.5mM) (BIONEER) 0.2 0.25 forward primer (12.5μM) a 0.4 0.4 reverse primer (12.5μM) a 0.4 0.4 Taq DNA polymerase (BIONEER) 0.1 0.5 DNA template/Culture 0.5 b MilliQ water 7.4 7.45 Total 10 10 a fD1 and rP2 (Weisburg et al. 1991) and PolF and PolR (Poly et al., 2001) for 16S rRNA and nifH genes, respectively.b A small amount of culture was directly used as template. Table S3. Closest relatives of endophytic bacterial strains from two cultivars of sweet potato inoculated with and without PGPR, OYK, using modified MR medium supplemented with and without nitrogen source. Strain a Closest relative Acc. No. Id. (%) Class AO-N(+) 3 Acinetobacter sp. BRIO61 KC715854 100 Flavobacteriia AO-N(+) 5 Chryseobacterium daecheongense PICdvs KF015228 100 Flavobacteriia AO-N(+) 6 Chryseobacterium daecheongense PICdvs KF015228 100 Flavobacteriia Gammaproteobacteri AO-N(+) 7 Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana YU23S MCC3122 MH021678 97 a AO-N(+) 9 Acinetobacter sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Whole Genome Sequencing and Analysis Reveal Insights Into
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 08 January 2015 CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00188 Whole genome sequencing and analysis reveal insights into the genetic structure, diversity and evolutionary relatedness of luxI and luxR homologs in bacteria belonging to the Sphingomonadaceae family Han Ming Gan 1,2, Huan You Gan 1,2, Nurul H. Ahmad 3,NazrinA.Aziz3, André O. Hudson 3 and Michael A. Savka 3* 1 School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 2 Genomics Facility, Monash University Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia 3 Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY, USA Edited by: Here we report the draft genomes and annotation of four N-acyl homoserine lactone Vittorio Venturi, International Centre (AHL)-producing members from the family Sphingomonadaceae. Comparative genomic for Genetic Engineering and analyses of 62 Sphingomonadaceae genomes were performed to gain insights into the Biotechnology, Italy distribution of the canonical luxI/R-type quorum sensing (QS) network within this family. Reviewed by: Sujatha Subramoni, International Forty genomes contained at least one luxR homolog while the genome of Sphingobium Centre for Genetic Engineering and yanoikuyae B1 contained seven Open Reading Frames (ORFs) that have significant Biotechnology, Italy homology to that of luxR. Thirty-three genomes contained at least one luxI homolog Amy Schaefer, University of while the genomes of Sphingobium sp. SYK6, Sphingobium japonicum, and Sphingobium Washington, USA lactosutens contained four luxI. Using phylogenetic analysis, the sphingomonad LuxR *Correspondence: Michael A. Savka, Thomas H. homologs formed five distinct clades with two minor clades located near the plant Gosnell School of Life Sciences, associated bacteria (PAB) LuxR solo clade.
    [Show full text]