Infrastructure and Services
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Infrastructure and Services An Element of Sustainable Berkshires, Long-Range Plan for Berkshire County Adopted 3.20.14 Berkshire Regional Planning Commission Sustainable Berkshires is a project of the Berkshire Regional Planning Commission. The work that provided the basis for this publication was supported by funding under an award with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The substance and findings of the work are dedicated to the public. The author and publisher are solely responsible for the accuracy of the statements and interpretations contained in this publication. Such interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS REGIONAL CONSORTIUM 1Berkshire City of North Adams Stuart Chase, President & CEO Mike Nuvallie, Housing and Projects Coordinator Berkshire Community Action Council Compact for Education Kim McMann, Director of Planning Denise Richardello, V.P. of Enrollment Management Mary Nash (Alternate), Project Coordinator Berkshire County Regional Housing Authority Brad Gordon, Executive Director & Staff Attorney Housatonic Heritage Dan Bolognani, Executive Director Berkshire County Selectmen’s Association Julie Hannum MA Fisheries and Wildlife Andrew Madden, District Manager Berkshire Health Systems Ruth Blodgett, Vice President, BHS Planning and Multicultural BRIDGE Development Gwendolyn Hampton VanSant, Executive Director & Ed Perlak (Alternate), Public Health Grants Founder Administrator Lori Gazzillo (Alternate), Board President Berkshire Housing Development Corporation Pittsfield Area Council of Churches/Berkshire Elton Ogden, Executive Director Association of Churches Quentin Chin, Representative Berkshire Metropolitan Planning Organization USDA Nathaniel Karns, Executive Director BRPC Aimee Thayer, County Executive Director Berkshire Natural Resources Council Tad Ames, Executive Director STAKEHOLDER GROUP Michael Canales, North Adams Berkshire Regional Planning Commission Matthew Kerwood, Richmond James Mullen, Chairman Andrew Groff, Williamstown Timothy Lescarbeau, North Adams Berkshire County Managers and Robert Nason, Lee Administrators Christopher Rembold, Great Barrington Gregory Federspiel, Lenox Town Manager Paul Sieloff, Lanesborough Adele Gravitz (Alternate), Lenox Sustainability Jeffrey Vincent, Lenox Coordinator Berkshire United Way BERKSHIRE REGIONAL PLANNING Nancy Stoll, Director of Community Engagement and Melissa Provencher, Senior Planner Evaluation Mark Maloy, GIS, Data and IT Manager Kristine Hazzard (Alternate), President & CEO Thomas Matuszko, Assistant Director Amy Kacala, Senior Planner Center for Ecological Technology Nancy Nylen, Associate Director City of Pittsfield Deanna Ruffer, Community Development Director CJ Hoss (Alternate), City Planner IS-i Infrastructure and Services Element: Acknowledgements IS-ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 Public Water Supply .................................................................................................................. 1 Private On-Site Water Supply .................................................................................................. 5 Wastewater Treatment ............................................................................................................. 5 Privately Owned On-Site Wastewater Treatment .................................................................. 6 Education .................................................................................................................................... 7 Police, Fire & Emergency Response ....................................................................................... 10 Communication and Information Services ........................................................................... 11 Existing Transportation System ............................................................................................. 14 Infrastructure & Services Through the Sustainability Lenses ............................................. 18 Infrastructure & Services Planning Process .......................................................................... 19 INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES VISION ........................................................................ 21 Achieving the Vision................................................................................................................ 21 1. FINANCE FRIENDLY INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES ............................................. 23 Sources of Local Revenues ...................................................................................................... 23 Understanding True Cost ........................................................................................................ 25 Long-Term Planning ................................................................................................................ 28 Budgeting ................................................................................................................................. 31 Opportunities and Challenges ................................................................................................ 36 Goals, Policies, and Strategies ................................................................................................ 37 2. PROVIDING QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES .......................................... 45 Transportation ......................................................................................................................... 45 Education .................................................................................................................................. 48 Police, Fire & Emergency Response ....................................................................................... 48 Water, Wastewater & Stormwater ........................................................................................ 49 Climate Change ........................................................................................................................ 51 Communications ...................................................................................................................... 54 IS-iii March 20, 2014 Infrastructure & Services Element Opportunities and Challenges ................................................................................................ 56 Goals, Policies, and Strategies ................................................................................................ 59 IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................................................... 68 IS-iv INTRODUCTION Infrastructure has been defined as “the basic structural foundation of a society or enterprise; roads, bridges, sewers, etc. regarded as a country's economic foundation”. Many organizations are also using the term civil infrastructure to describe this type of built asset to distinguish it from other forms of infrastructure such as computer networks. Municipal infrastructure, a distinct portion of civil infrastructure, includes those assets managed by municipalities. These typically include, but are not restricted to, the following classes of assets: buried utilities, roads, transit systems, bridges, and water/sewage treatment plants. Some jurisdictions are responsible for a variety of buildings (i.e. police stations, fire stations, and schools). Typically, one identifying aspect of municipal infrastructure is the diversity of assets in any one organization. That is, bridges may predominate in one municipality, whereas it could be roads or water/sewage treatment plants in another. Municipal services refer to basic services that residents of a community expect the local government to provide in exchange for the taxes which citizens pay. Basic city services may include sewer, water, streets, schools, fire department, police, ambulance, and other health department issues and transportation. City governments often operate or contract for additional utilities like electricity, gas and cable television. PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY In the Berkshires, most densely settled areas are served by a public water supply system. Half, or sixteen, of the communities in the region supply municipal water to all or a portion of their community. There are currently five private water companies supplying small neighborhoods or portions of towns. Public water allows a safe and reliable water supply source and encourages growth in those parts of town served by the system. A Water Supply Map is included on the following page. A public water supply in the State of Massachusetts is defined as a water supply system with 15 or more service connections or regularly serving an average of at least 25 people daily at least 60 days each year. These public water supplies may be owned and operated by the municipality or privately owned. Municipal systems are managed by a municipality or a fire or water district and serve the community. Public water systems are defined as Community Water Systems (CWS) or Non-Community Water Systems (NCWS). A Community Water System is a public water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or serves 25 year-round residents. Non-community water systems are either a Transient Non-Community System (TNC) or Non- Transient Non Community (NTNC). Transient Non-Community Systems are those systems that typically serve travelers and other transients and serve at least