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Orange in the South Cance
The colour of monarchs and merriment The Dutch monarchy has mostly ceremonial signifi- also inherited the principality of Orange in the south cance. Although not passionate royalists, most Dutch of France, so that in the mid-1500s, the title ‘Prince of feel quite comfortable with the constitutional mon- Orange’, together with the possessions of the Nassaus archy. Once a year, on Koningsdag (King’s Day), the in the Low Countries, ended up with a certain William, country dresses up in orange and the royal family is a nicknamed ‘the Silent’. At the time, the Netherlands source of communal celebration. was an unwilling part of a large Spanish kingdom, and the influential William gradually became the leader of On Koningsdag, April 27, the Netherlands celebrates the resistance to the Spanish domination. Partly on Wil- the King’s birthday. In most towns and villages large liam’s initiative, seven regions joined together in revolt. markets are held, surrounded by all manner of festivi- ties. Full of good cheer and draped in orange, the Dutch On the King’s birthday, he visits crowd market stalls and terraces, and the party ends in traditional demonstrations of sack racing, fireworks and, for many, a hefty Orange hangover. The monarch joins the celebrations, traditionally clog-making and herring-gutting. visiting two towns in which he is treated to demon- strations of sack racing, clog-making, herring-gutting 01 King’s Day celebrations on an Amsterdam canal 02 Orange treats and other traditional activities. Willem-Alexander (or 03 Tin containing orange sprinkles and showing the portrait of the ‘Alex’, as he is popularly known) shows his best side, former Queen Beatrix 04 Celebrating King’s Day shaking hands and showing interest in every drawing handed to him by beaming pre-schoolers. -
William Herle's Report of the Dutch Situation, 1573
LIVES AND LETTERS, VOL. 1, NO. 1, SPRING 2009 Signs of Intelligence: William Herle’s Report of the Dutch Situation, 1573 On the 11 June 1573 the agent William Herle sent his patron William Cecil, Lord Burghley a lengthy intelligence report of a ‘Discourse’ held with Prince William of Orange, Stadtholder of the Netherlands.∗ Running to fourteen folio manuscript pages, the Discourse records the substance of numerous conversations between Herle and Orange and details Orange’s efforts to persuade Queen Elizabeth to come to the aid of the Dutch against Spanish Habsburg imperial rule. The main thrust of the document exhorts Elizabeth to accept the sovereignty of the Low Countries in order to protect England’s naval interests and lead a league of protestant European rulers against Spain. This essay explores the circumstances surrounding the occasion of the Discourse and the context of the text within Herle’s larger corpus of correspondence. In the process, I will consider the methods by which the study of the material features of manuscripts can lead to a wider consideration of early modern political, secretarial and archival practices. THE CONTEXT By the spring of 1573 the insurrection in the Netherlands against Spanish rule was seven years old. Elizabeth had withdrawn her covert support for the English volunteers aiding the Dutch rebels, and was busy entertaining thoughts of marriage with Henri, Duc d’Alençon, brother to the King of France. Rejecting the idea of French assistance after the massacre of protestants on St Bartholomew’s day in Paris the previous year, William of Orange was considering approaching the protestant rulers of Europe, mostly German Lutheran sovereigns, to form a strong alliance against Spanish Catholic hegemony. -
Anneke Jans' Maternal Grandfather and Great Grandfather
Anneke Jans’ Maternal Grandfather and Great Grandfather By RICIGS member, Gene Eiklor I have been writing a book about my father’s ancestors. Anneke Jans is my 10th Great Grandmother, the “Matriarch of New Amsterdam.” I am including part of her story as an Appendix to my book. If it proves out, Anneke Jans would be the granddaughter of Willem I “The Silent” who started the process of making the Netherlands into a republic. Since the records and info about Willem I are in the hands of the royals and government (the Royals are buried at Delft under the tomb of Willem I) I took it upon myself to send the Appendix to Leiden University at Leiden. Leiden University was started by Willem I. An interesting fact is that descendants of Anneke have initiated a number of unsuccessful attempts to recapture Anneke’s land on which Trinity Church in New York is located. In Chapter 2 – Dutch Settlement, page 29, Anneke Jans’ mother was listed as Tryntje (Catherine) Jonas. Each were identified as my father’s ninth and tenth Great Grandmothers, respectively. Since completion of that and succeeding chapters I learned from material shared by cousin Betty Jean Leatherwood that Tryntje’s husband had been identified. From this there is a tentative identification of Anneke’s Grandfather and Great Grandfather. The analysis, the compilation and the writings on these finds were done by John Reynolds Totten. They were reported in The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, Volume LVI, No. 3, July 1925i and Volume LVII, No. 1, January 1926ii Anneke is often named as the Matriarch of New Amsterdam. -
Ambassadors to and from England
p.1: Prominent Foreigners. p.25: French hostages in England, 1559-1564. p.26: Other Foreigners in England. p.30: Refugees in England. p.33-85: Ambassadors to and from England. Prominent Foreigners. Principal suitors to the Queen: Archduke Charles of Austria: see ‘Emperors, Holy Roman’. France: King Charles IX; Henri, Duke of Anjou; François, Duke of Alençon. Sweden: King Eric XIV. Notable visitors to England: from Bohemia: Baron Waldstein (1600). from Denmark: Duke of Holstein (1560). from France: Duke of Alençon (1579, 1581-1582); Prince of Condé (1580); Duke of Biron (1601); Duke of Nevers (1602). from Germany: Duke Casimir (1579); Count Mompelgart (1592); Duke of Bavaria (1600); Duke of Stettin (1602). from Italy: Giordano Bruno (1583-1585); Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (1601). from Poland: Count Alasco (1583). from Portugal: Don Antonio, former King (1581, Refugee: 1585-1593). from Sweden: John Duke of Finland (1559-1560); Princess Cecilia (1565-1566). Bohemia; Denmark; Emperors, Holy Roman; France; Germans; Italians; Low Countries; Navarre; Papal State; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Savoy; Spain; Sweden; Transylvania; Turkey. Bohemia. Slavata, Baron Michael: 1576 April 26: in England, Philip Sidney’s friend; May 1: to leave. Slavata, Baron William (1572-1652): 1598 Aug 21: arrived in London with Paul Hentzner; Aug 27: at court; Sept 12: left for France. Waldstein, Baron (1581-1623): 1600 June 20: arrived, in London, sightseeing; June 29: met Queen at Greenwich Palace; June 30: his travels; July 16: in London; July 25: left for France. Also quoted: 1599 Aug 16; Beddington. Denmark. King Christian III (1503-1 Jan 1559): 1559 April 6: Queen Dorothy, widow, exchanged condolences with Elizabeth. -
A Short History of Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg
A Short History of Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg Foreword ............................................................................2 Chapter 1. The Low Countries until A.D.200 : Celts, Batavians, Frisians, Romans, Franks. ........................................3 Chapter 2. The Empire of the Franks. ........................................5 Chapter 3. The Feudal Period (10th to 14th Centuries): The Flanders Cloth Industry. .......................................................7 Chapter 4. The Burgundian Period (1384-1477): Belgium’s “Golden Age”......................................................................9 Chapter 5. The Habsburgs: The Empire of Charles V: The Reformation: Calvinism..........................................10 Chapter 6. The Rise of the Dutch Republic................................12 Chapter 7. Holland’s “Golden Age” ..........................................15 Chapter 8. A Period of Wars: 1650 to 1713. .............................17 Chapter 9. The 18th Century. ..................................................20 Chapter 10. The Napoleonic Interlude: The Union of Holland and Belgium. ..............................................................22 Chapter 11. Belgium Becomes Independent ...............................24 Chapter 13. Foreign Affairs 1839-19 .........................................29 Chapter 14. Between the Two World Wars. ................................31 Chapter 15. The Second World War...........................................33 Chapter 16. Since the Second World War: European Co-operation: -
Kobe University Repository : Kernel
Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Huguenots in English Sea Port Towns in the Late Seventeenth Title Century(17 世紀後半のイングランド海港都市におけるユグノー) 著者 Gwynn, Robin Author(s) 掲載誌・巻号・ページ 海港都市研究,3:15-30 Citation 刊行日 2008-03 Issue date 資源タイプ Departmental Bulletin Paper / 紀要論文 Resource Type 版区分 publisher Resource Version 権利 Rights DOI JaLCDOI 10.24546/81000029 URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/81000029 PDF issue: 2021-10-07 15 Huguenots in English Sea Port Towns in the Late Seventeenth Century Robin GWYNN INTRODUCTION I would like to express my thanks to Kobe University both for inviting me here, and for the opportunity to tackle this particular subject. I have spent much of my academic life exploring Huguenot settlement in Britain in the later Stuart period, but have never before been challenged to focus on the specific aspect of Huguenots in relation to English sea port towns. For the purposes of this paper, we can define the Huguenots as French‑speaking Protestants, or more precisely Calvinists, who were fleeing from the France ruled by King Louis XIV from 1661 – when he took up the reins of personal rule – to his death in 1715. A few also came from the Protestant Principality of Orange, which Louis invaded and overran. Two dates stand out as of particular significance in causing Huguenot migration from France in this period. The first was 1681, which saw the onset of the dragonnades, the deliberate billeting of soldiers on Protestant households to force their conversion to Roman Catholicism. The second was the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. -
Germany and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion: Confession, Identity, and Transnational Relations
Germany and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion: Confession, Identity, and Transnational Relations Jonas A. M. van Tol Doctor of Philosophy University of York History February 2016 Abstract From its inception, the French Wars of Religion was a European phenomenon. The internationality of the conflict is most clearly illustrated by the Protestant princes who engaged militarily in France between 1567 and 1569. Due to the historiographical convention of approaching the French Wars of Religion as a national event, studied almost entirely separate from the history of the German Reformation, its transnational dimension has largely been ignored or misinterpreted. Using ten German Protestant princes as a case study, this thesis investigates the variety of factors that shaped German understandings of the French Wars of Religion and by extension German involvement in France. The princes’ rich and international network of correspondence together with the many German-language pamphlets about the Wars in France provide an insight into the ways in which the conflict was explained, debated, and interpreted. Applying a transnational interpretive framework, this thesis unravels the complex interplay between the personal, local, national, and international influences that together formed an individual’s understanding of the Wars of Religion. These interpretations were rooted in the longstanding personal and cultural connections between France and the Rhineland and strongly influenced by French diplomacy and propaganda. Moreover, they were conditioned by one’s precise position in a number of key religious debates, most notably the question of Lutheran-Reformed relations. These understandings changed as a result of a number pivotal European events that took place in 1566 and 1567 and the conspiracy theories they inspired. -
John De Witt; Or, Twenty Years' Interregnum in the Stadtholder- 1 Ship of the Seventeenth Century
1859.] 205 John De Witt; or, Twenty Years' Interregnum in the Stadtholder- 1 ship of the Seventeenth Century. By M. ESQUIROU DE PARIEU, Vice-President of the Imperial Council of State, Member of the Institute of France, &c. &c. (Translated by Frederick Hendriks, Esq., Actuary of the Globe Insurance Company.) [Read before the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, Session 1858.] T HE history of the United Provinces, and of Holland especially, from the close of the Spanish rule down to the establishment of the modern monarchy of the Netherlands, is distinguished for its manifestation of a permanent struggle between different opposite principles. Liberty and authority, municipal principle and state principle, republic and monarchy, the spirit of federal isolation and that of centralization, appear to give battle to each other upon a territory itself with difficulty defended from the waves of the ocean by the watchful industry of its inhabitants. The municipal element, appears, nevertheless, as the primitive kernel of Dutch society. " The towns of Holland," says a modern historian,2 " were not, like those of other nations, mere sections of the State, for the State itself was rather an aggregation of towns, each of which constituted a distinct republic, providing for its separate defence, governed by its own laws, having its separate courts of justice and separate financial administration. The legis- lative sovereignty of the whole nation vested in the cities, which formed, in their collective capacity, the assembly of the States." The internal administration of these towns was composed of a senate; of two, three, or four burgomasters, constituting what was called the Wethouderschap; and of a certain number of échevins, or sheriffs, who exercised judicial power. -
Orange County, Virginia 2013 Comprehensive Plan
ORANGE COUNTY, VIRGINIA 2013 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN Adopted by the Board of Supervisors on December 17th, 2013 Amended on July 14th, 2015, on October 27th, 2015, and on May 8th, 2018 This page intentionally left blank. 2013 Orange County Comprehensive Plan Sustain the rural character of Orange County while enhancing and improving the quality of life for all its citizens. Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .............................................................................. 7 A Very Brief History of Orange County, Virginia .......................................... 7 I. Introduction: Why a Comprehensive Plan? ........................................ 10 A. Statutory Authority .................................................................. 10 B. Purpose of the Plan ................................................................. 10 C. Utilizing this Plan .................................................................... 11 D. The Vision for Orange County ...................................................... 12 II. Existing Land Uses ...................................................................... 12 A. Overview .............................................................................. 12 B. Forest and Woodlands ............................................................... 13 C. Agricultural ........................................................................... 13 D. Residential ............................................................................ 13 E. Public and Private Easements .................................................... -
English Attitudes Toward Continental Protestants with Particular Reference to Church Briefs C.1680-1740
English Attitudes toward Continental Protestants with Particular Reference to Church Briefs c.1680-1740 By Sugiko Nishikawa A Dissertation for the degree of Ph. D. in the University of London 1998 B CL LO\D0 UNIV Abstract Title: English Attitudes toward Continental Protestants with Particular Reference to Church Briefs c.1680-1740 Author: Sugiko Nishikawa It has long been accepted that the Catholic threat posed by Louis X1V played an important role in English politics from the late seventeenth century onwards. The expansionist politics of Louis and his attempts to eliminate Protestants within his sphere of influence enhanced the sense of a general crisis of Protestantism in Europe. Moreover news of the persecution of foreign Protestants stimulated a great deal of anti-popish sentiment as well as a sense of the need for Protestant solidarity. The purpose of my studies is to explore how the English perceived the persecution of continental Protestants and to analyse what it meant for the English to be involved in various relief programmes for them from c. 1680 to 1740. Accordingly, I have examined the church briefs which were issued to raise contributions for the relief of continental Protestants, and which serve as evidence of Protestant internationalism against the perceived Catholic threat of the day. I have considered the spectrum of views concerning continental Protestants within the Church; in some attitudes evinced by clergymen, there was an element which might be called ecclesiastical imperialism rather than internationalism. At the same time I have examined laymen's attitudes; this investigation of the activities of the SPCK, one of the most influential voluntary societies of the day, which was closely concerned with continental Protestants, fulfills this purpose. -
In DOCUMENTARY HISTORY WESTERN CIVILIZATION
A volume in DOCUMENTARY HISTORY of WESTERN CIVILIZATION The Low Countries in Early Modern Times The Low Countries in Early Modern Times edited by HERBERT H. ROWEN Palgrave Macmillan THE LOW COUNTRIES IN EARLY MODERN TIMES Introduction, editorial notes, translation and compilation Copyright © 1972 by Herbert H. Rowen Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1972 978-0-333-09188-3 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission First published in the United States 1972 First published in the United Kingdom by The Macmillan Press Ltd 1972 London Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Toronto Dublin Melbourne Johannesburg and Madras ISBN 978-1-349-00614-4 ISBN 978-1-349-00612-0 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-349-00612-0 Contents Preface Xlll Introduction XV I Land and People 1 1. The Dutch Seen by a Dutchman (Erasmus, A uris Batava) 1 2. The Low Countries Seen by an Italian (L. Guicciardini, Description of the Low Countries) 3 II Shadows Cast Before: The Reign of Charles V 12 3. Privileges of Subjects Confirmed (The Joyous Entry of Charles V, 1515) 12 4. A Rebellious City Crushed (Anonymous, Account of the Troubles in Ghent under Charles V) 17 III Origins of the "Troubles" 26 5. The "Troubles" Begin ( Granvelle, Sources and Causes of the "Troubles") 27 6. A Band of Beggarly Nobles (Philip of Marnix, "Compromise" of the Confederation of Nobles) 29 7. The Beggarly Poor (G. Brandt, The Image-Breaking of 1566) 33 8. -
A Faure Genealogy: Book 7 (Of 8): Antoine Faure's Story
A FAURE GENEALOGY: BOOK 7 (OF 8): ANTOINE FAURE’S STORY (1685-1736) by Anthony Gerard FAURE (1926-) THIS BOOK 7 IS PRESENTLY (22.01.2015) BEING REWRITTEN This is Book 6 of a series of 8 e-books on a branch of the FAURE family: 1. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 1: History and 3 Generations after Antoine FAURE (1685-1736). 2. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 2: Descendants of Dr Abraham FAURE (1795-1875). 3. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 3: Descendants of Johannes Gysbertus FAURE (1796-1869). 4. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 4: Descendants of Jacobus Christiaan FAURE (1798-1876). 5. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 5: Descendants of Pieter Hendrik FAURE (1800-1862). 6. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 6: Descendants of Philip Eduard FAURE (1811-1882). 7. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 7: The Story of Antoine FAURE (1685-1736). 8. Genealogy of a Faure Branch: Book 8: Appendices. The reason the information is provided in 8 e-books is that the information is voluminous. We have split the actual family tree into Books 1-6. Book 7 is a beautiful and poignant reconstruction of the lives of Pierre (1636-c1703), and Antoine (1685-1736) who arrived in Cape Town in 1714, as well as the political milieu of the times (offered in the Appendices). It was written by Dr AG (Tony) Faure (1926-) over a number of years, completed in 2012, and revised in 2014. One of the benefits of genealogical research is that it brings one into contact with family members not met before.