Nowra Museum Former Police Residence & Lock-Up at the Corner of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets, Nowra

Nowra Museum Former Police Residence & Lock-up at the corner of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets, Nowra

Conservation Management Plan

prepared for

Shoalhaven City Council Bridge Road, Nowra NSW

March 2004 REF: 0355: CMP

Tropman & Tropman Architects Architecture Conservation Landscape Interiors Urban Design Interpretation 55 Lower Fort Street Sydney NSW 2000 Phone: (02) 9251 3250 Fax: (02) 9251 6109 Email: [email protected] Tropman Australia Pty Ltd ABN 71 088 542 885 ACN 088 542 885 Incorporated in New South Wales

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Conservation Management Plan for the former Police Station and Lock-up, Nowra

This Conservation Management Plan has been prepared for the Nowra Museum (former Police Residence and Lock-Up), located at the corner of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets, Nowra for Shoalhaven City Council. The overall aim of this Conservation Management Plan is to investigate and analyse the documentary and physical evidence available to formulate a statement of cultural significance, and to provide management guidelines to enable this significance to be retained in future use and development.

The main points of this study can be understood by reading the following sections.

• Analysis of Documentary and Physical Evidence (Section 5.0)

This study in brief concludes that the Nowra Museum (Former Police Residence and Lock-Up) are in good condition. The building’s original form and interior configuration can be clearly understood, despite its partial demolition.

It is critical that any works at the site be documented and implemented in a way that allows for the retention in-situ of the maximum amount of existing significant fabric.

• Statement of Cultural Significance (Section 6.0)

The Nowra Museum (Former Police Residence and Lock-Up) has historical, aesthetic, social and technical/research significance at a local level to the Nowra area.

• Constraints and Opportunities (Section 7.0)

Generally, the Nowra Museum (Former Police Residence and Lock-Up) should be retained and conserved as an early police residence and lock-up.

• Conservation Policy (Section 8.0)

This study suggests appropriate uses for the site, as well as various recommended actions which should be taken to conserve the existing site and structures.

Any present and/or future design proposals should be evaluated and reviewed in association with the conservation policies and recommendations provided in this report to ensure that the significant heritage values of the site and structures are retained and fully interpreted by the community.

In summary, we believe that if the site is carefully developed and regular maintenance is undertaken the site can retain its heritage significance, be able to be interpreted as an early police residence and lock-up and continue and improve its contribution to the local community.

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Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... I

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 1.1 Brief ...... 3 1.2 Study Area...... 3 1.3 Methodology ...... 4 1.4 Limitations...... 5 1.5 Author Identification...... 5 1.6 Definitions...... 5 1.7 Previous reports, available information and background material ...... 6 1.8 Acknowledgements ...... 6

2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE ...... 7 2.1 Introduction...... 7 2.2 Law & Order...... 8 2.3 The Shoalhaven Police Force 1852-1977 ...... 8 2.4 The Site ...... 10 2.5 The Nowra Museum 1980 – Present...... 15 2.6 The Building...... 17 2.7 Police Stations in the District...... 19 2.8 Social History...... 20 2.9 Historical Plunkett Street Precinct ...... 29 2.10 Bibliography...... 30

3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ...... 31 3.1 Streetscape...... 31 3.2 Subject Site...... 32 3.3 Subject Building Exterior ...... 33 3.4 Subject Building Interior...... 37

4.0 ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTARY AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ...... 43 4.1 Analysis of Documentary Evidence...... 43 4.2 Analysis of Physical Evidence...... 46 4.3 Comparative Analysis...... 51

5.0 ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ...... 53 5.1 NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria ...... 53 5.2 Statement of heritage significance ...... 54 5.3 Nature of significance ...... 54 5.4 Items of significance ...... 55 5.5 Heritage Assessment Matrix...... 55 5.6 Grading of Significance ...... 56 5.7 Definition of curtilage ...... 62

6.0 CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES...... 65 6.1 Physical constraints and requirements arising from the statement of significance...... 65 6.2 Procedural requirements (conservation methodology) ...... 65 6.3 Constraints and requirements arising from the physical and documentary evidence...... 66 6.4 Constraints and requirements arising from the physical condition...... 66 6.5 External constraints ...... 66 6.6 Constraints arising out of ownership and use ...... 67 6.7 Opportunities and options for future use ...... 67

7.0 CONSERVATION POLICY ...... 69 7.1 Conservation procedures at the site...... 69 7.2 Subject site ...... 71 7.3 Subject building ...... 72 7.4 Subject Landscape ...... 74

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8.0 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY...... 75 8.1 Immediate Works...... 75 8.2 Future Works ...... 75 8.3 Landscaping ...... 75 8.4 Options for future use ...... 75

9.0 ASSET MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES...... 77 9.1 Management...... 77 9.2 Statutory approvals...... 77 9.3 Maintenance ...... 77 9.4 Exemptions...... 78

10.0 MONITORING AND REVIEW ...... 79 10.1 General – Monitoring and Review of Documentation...... 79 10.2 Monitoring and Review of Subject Site...... 79

Appendices

Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Appendix B: Photographic Survey Appendix C: Schedule of Maintenance Works Appendix D: Proposed Colour Scheme Appendix E: Copy of the Burra Charter Appendix F: Consultant Brief Appendix G: Fence detail

List of Figures

Figure No.1: Location Plan. (Source: Craigie’s Street Directory) Figure No.2: Subject Site. (Source: Shoalhaven City Council) Figure No.3: Intersection of Kinghorne and Plunkett Streets, Nowra. Figure No.4: Kinghorne Street, Nowra. Figure No.5: Plunkett Street, Nowra. Figure No.6: Recent Police Station to the rear of the subject site. Figure No.7: Courtyard and Court House to the rear of the subject site. Figure No.8: Front elevation of the Former Police Residence and Lock-up. Figure No.9: Steps to front verandah. Figure No.10: Front door to the subject building. Figure No.11: East elevation of the subject building. Figure No.12: Detail over side entrance on eastern elevation. Figure No.13: Detail of sandstone course and terracotta stringcourse. Figure No.14: Western elevation of the subject building. Figure No.15: Rear and western elevations of the subject building. Figure No.16: Subject building. Figure No.17: North wall of verandah. Figure No.18: Hallway looking south. Figure No.19: Hall looking north. Figure No.20: Front door detail. Figure No.21: Detail of inside lock on front door. Figure No.22: Former sitting room with fireplace and arched recess. Figure No.23: Former sitting room general. Figure No.24: General view of former dining room. Figure No.25: Door to side porch. Figure No.26: Former bedroom, general view. Figure No.27: Former bedroom 2. Figure No.28: Fireplace in former bedroom 2. Figure No.29: General view of existing kitchen.

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Figure No.30: Existing toilet. Figure No.31: Former rear courtyard, now the main display room of the Nowra Museum. Figure No.32: Former exercise yard looking east. Figure No.33: Rear area showing former location of cells (3 no), kitchen and charge room prior to demolition in the 1970s. Figure No.34: Detail of base footings of cell block that has had a brick and concrete layer added to the original. Figure No.35: Enlargement of the floor plan of the subject building from the 1899 Vernon plan. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.6) Figure No.36: 1958 plan of the building. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.10) Figure No.37: Detail of join between old and recent brickwork where the building was demolished. Figure No.38: Remnant bar ceiling fixings. Figure No.39: Location of former charge room, later the women’s cell. Figure No.40: Changes in floor level. Figure No.41: Remaining evidence of the enclosure of the verandah. Figure No.42: Full length glass window in former location of French doors. Figure No.43: Changes to opening between kitchen and toilet. Figure No.44: Changes to openings in kitchen space. Figure No.45: Join between original building and new (1990s) section (main display area). Figure No.46: Levels of Significance – Subject Site. Figure No.47: Levels of Significance – Subject Site Landscape Elements. (Refer page 56 for Legend). Figure No.48: Levels of Significance – Subject Building. Figure No.49: Immediate and intermediate curtilage of the Former Police Residence & Lock-up. Figure No.50: Extended curtilage of the subject site.

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Subject Site

Not to Scale NÇ

Figure No.1: Location Plan. (Source: Craigie’s Street Directory) Tropman & Tropman Architects 2 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Nowra Police Station

Nowra Court House

Kinghorne Street Street Kinghorne Former Police Residence & Lock-up

Plunkett Street

Not to scale NÈ

Figure No.2: Subject Site Tropman & Tropman Architects 3 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief

This Conservation Management Plan has been prepared for the former Police Residence and Lock-Up, now the Nowra Museum, Nowra, for Shoalhaven City Council. The aim of this Conservation Management Plan is to assess the heritage significance of the subject site and use the findings of this assessment to provide conservation management guidelines to enable this significance to be retained in future use and development.

This report includes the following.

Documentary Research - Of the site/institutions/families/people associated with the site. - Of the development of the site over time ie. Dates of construction and past additions/alterations.

Physical Investigation - Description of site and its setting.

Assessment of Significance - Heritage assessment using Heritage Office guidelines. - Significance ratings of the site and setting.

Conservation Policy - Conservation approach. - Future development of the site. - Physical conservation action recommended and other relevant issues such as use; investigation; etc.

Implementation Strategy - Identification of immediate works required. - Identification of future works recommended for the site. - Identification of landscaping works required and recommended for the site. - Options for future use of the site.

Asset Management Guidelines - Management - Statutory approvals - Maintenance - Exemptions

Monitoring and Review - Of documentation - Of fabric

1.2 Study Area

For the purposes of this report the place, as defined in the Burra Charter (please refer to Section 1.6 of this report), is to be known as the study area. Refer to Figure No. 1 & 2.

1.2.1 Subject Site

The subject site consists of Lot 11 Sec 26 DP 758794, located at Kinghorne Street, Nowra.

1.2.2 Subject Building

The subject building consists of the Former Police Station and Lock-up.

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1.3 Methodology

The method follows that set out in the NSW Heritage Manual provided by the NSW Heritage Office and NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning and is in accordance with the ICOMOS Burra Charter. The method is outlined below.

Investigate the significance - Investigate the historical context of the item of study area - Investigate the community’s understanding of the item - Investigate the history of the item - Investigate the fabric of the item

Assess the significance - Summarise your knowledge of the item or study area - Describe the previous and current uses of the item, its associations with individuals or groups and its meaning for those people - Assess significance using the NSW heritage assessment criteria - Check whether you can make a sound analysis of the item to support the statement of heritage significance (use the identified historical themes, and the inclusion and exclusion guidelines provided in Heritage Assessments as a guide) - Determine the items level of significance (local or state) - Prepare a succinct statement of heritage significance - Get feedback - Write up all your information

Manage the significance - Analyse the management implications of the item’s level of significance - Analyse the constraints and opportunities arising out of the item’s significance (including appropriate uses) - Analyse owner and user requirements - Prepare conservation and management recommendations - If any obvious options are not suitable, explain why - Get feedback from the community - Analyse statutory controls and their relationship to the items significance - Recommend a process for carrying out the conservation and management strategies

Implementation Strategy - Outline the client’s preferred use(s) and the works involved; - Provide guidance on how the works can be implemented while minimising the impact on heritage significance; - Justify any works that will have a substantial impact on heritage significance, in terms of the viable future of the heritage item; - Explain why other options of less impact have not been considered to be viable.

Asset Management Guidelines - Management – recommend a management policy (within the context of any new ownership and use) through which future decisions on conservation are to be made; - Statutory approvals – outline the necessary approval procedures to allow works to be carried out. Identify any planning or other issues that have a bearing on the adaptive reuse or development of the item; - Maintenance – include a maintenance strategy or give guidance on the need for a specialised ongoing maintenance strategy to be developed in a separate plan of management. - Exemptions – note that if the heritage item is listed on the State Heritage Register, the plan should recommend that certain works (such as maintenance and repair) can be carried out in accordance with section 57(2) of the Heritage Act without requiring the approval of the Heritage Council.

Monitoring and Review - Recommend a timeframe for the monitoring and review of the conservation management plan and who should be requested to endorse the plan.

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1.4 Limitations

No intervention to fabric was undertaken.

1.5 Author Identification

TROPMAN & TROPMAN ARCHITECTS:

John Tropman Director, Heritage Conservation Architect Joanne Singh Professional Assistant Sally Vallis Professional Assistant

SUB-CONSULTANTS:

RF Historical Research Service Robyn Florance Historian

1.6 Definitions

Following are definitions of conservation terms as used in the Burra Charter.

Place means site, area, land, landscape, building or other work, group of buildings or other works, and may include components, contents, spaces and views. (For the purposes of this report the place is to be known as the study area).

Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations.

Fabric means all the physical material of the place including components, fixtures, contents and objects,

Conservation means all the process of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance.

Maintenance means the continuous protective care of the fabric and setting of a place, and is to be distinguished from repair. Repair involves restoration or reconstruction.

Preservation means maintaining the fabric of a place in its existing state and retarding deterioration.

Restoration means returning the existing fabric of a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing components without the introduction of new material.

Adaptation means modifying a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

Use means the functions of a place, as well as the activities and practices that may occur at the place.

Compatible use means a use which respects the cultural significance of a place. Such a use involves no, or minimal, impact on cultural significance.

Setting means the area around a place, which may include the visual catchment.

Related place means a place that contributes to the cultural significance of another place.

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1.7 Previous reports, available information and background material

This report has been prepared with the use of the following references: • Florance, Robyn, 100 Years The Nowra Lock-up 1901-2001, Nowra, 2001. • Graham Edds & Associates, ‘Nowra Court House’, Nowra, Conservation Management Plan, February 2001. • Australia ICOMOS 2000, Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Cultural Significance (The Burra Charter) and Guidelines to the Burra Charter: Cultural Significance, Conservation Policy, and Undertaking Studies and Reports, Australia ICOMOS, ACT. • Heritage Office 1996, Conservation Management Documents, Heritage Office, Sydney. Revised 2002. • Heritage Office 2001, Assessing Heritage Significance, Heritage Office, Sydney. • Kerr, James Semple 2000, The Conservation Plan, National Trust of Australia (NSW), Sydney.

Note: Unless otherwise stated, all images are by the authors.

1.8 Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of:

Mr Robert Sutherland Manager Infrastructure & Asset Management Shoalhaven City Council

Mr John Flett Senior Planner – Heritage and Urban Design Shoalhaven City Council

Ms Lorraine McCarthy Land Information Officer Shoalhaven City Council

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2.0 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

The following historical background has been prepared by historian Robyn Florance.

2.1 Introduction

When the village of Nowra was laid out in 1852 no allowance had been made for a Police Office, Post Office, School or Public Institutions and a petition was sent to the Legislative Assembly, by the inhabitants of Nowra, to reserve land for Court House, School and Post Office.1

In November 1857 Nowra was authorised to establish Courts of Petty Sessions and in December the erection began of a temporary Court House and Lock-up formed of slabs in Junction Street. The temporary Court House opened on the 28th January 1858 and in May 1860 was described as

A small weatherboard cottage with a partition of scanting and calico to divide the intended Clerk’s office from the Court Room. The office would be about 6ft by 8ft and is lighted by a window of about 2ft square, or less.2

Tenders were called for the erection of a Court & Watch House in September 1860 and the Colonial Architect, Alexander Dawson, selected a five-acre site in Plunkett Street to be reserved.3 By June 1861 the new Court House & Watch House was completed.

Stables were erected at the rear of the building and horses were grazed on the police paddock.

In 1877 a School of Arts & Mechanics Institute was formed in Nowra and in 1878 a Mechanic’s Institute building was erected on the police paddock.

Thirty years after its completion the Court House & Watch House was due for replacement. Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon prepared plans for the erection of a new Court House on the site next to the old one. Tenders were called in February 1895 and the job was completed by March 1896.

Plans were drawn by Vernon in 1899 for a Lock-up to replace that function carried out in the Watch House section of the old Court House. The land where the School of Arts building was erected was resumed for Police purposes in 1891 and the building was demolished in 1900.

Tenders for the new Lock-up were called in the Government Gazette of 6th February 1900 and a tender of Alick Johnston of Berry was accepted the following month. The building was completed by 13th February 1901.

Vernon drew up plans in 1905 to convert the old Court House into the Police Sergeant’s Residence. The work was carried out by Nowra contractors, W Byrne and William Braithwaite.

The Police Lock-up served the Shoalhaven district until 1953 when it became the Nowra Police Station but by the early 1970s was too small and overcrowded and plans were drawn up for a new $1.3 million Police Station to be erected behind the Lock-up on land known as the Police Paddock.

On completion of the new police building, the old Lock-up was to be demolished but, due to intervention by the Shoalhaven Historical Society and interested persons, the Lock-up was retained and renovated to blend in with the landscaping of the new Police Station. The renovated premises were handed over to the Shoalhaven Historical Society to be used as a Museum in 1980.

1 The Illawarra Mercury 26th January 1857 2 The Illawarra Mercury 1st February 1858 3 The Illawarra Mercury 12th October 1860

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2.2 Law & Order

In the early days of the colony, the Governor was the maker and enforcer of the rules, but as great as his power was, it was still limited. The Governor had to conform to the traditional laws of England as defined and applied there. He also was required to refer to the Home Secretary for confirmation that his regulations were lawful. In some cases his orders were declared invalid.

The Governor relied on the military and the police to enforce the legislation and to see that his regulations were respected. When a district became open to settlement, grants of land were given and in the space of a few years the area would become populated. It then became essential to ensure that common laws were respected to protect inhabitants, curb the delinquents and see that the particular orders of the Government were complied with.

Berry and Wollstonecraft used gangs of assigned convicts to clear their estates under the supervision of overseers. The need soon arose to establish a local authority to police and enforce the law.

The usual way to ensure order was to appoint local residents to the Commission of the Peace, empowering them as Justices of the Peace, to represent the authority and to enforce the laws. The Justices of the Peace met at regular intervals in a courthouse and sat side by side to take depositions, to try lawbreakers in minor cases and to instruct constables (who were under their direct authority) to apprehend mischief-makers. The more serious cases of felony, murder and the like were referred to higher jurisdiction.

At first the district centre was established at Coolangatta and the Shoalhaven Court of Petty Sessions was established there on the 25th April 1845.4 It was here that the early courts were held, presided over by local magistrates. James Thomson and Dr Kenneth McKenzie, both of Burrier, were the only magistrates appointed at that time. The more serious offences were trialled by the Wollongong Bench, as the Shoalhaven for many years was part of the Wollongong Police District.

2.3 The Shoalhaven Police Force 1852-1977

The first police appointment by the Bench in Shoalhaven was that of Bernard Brown on 1st January 1852. A Court of Petty Sessions was established at Numba that year and a slab lock up was built ‘from which prisoners easily escaped and much of Constable Brown’s time was undoubtedly spent recapturing them’.

From the Bernard Brown diaries we learn that on the 1st June 1857, Constable John Ross succeeded John Smith as lock-up keeper at Numba. Noted in his diary on 30th May 1857

Went down to steamer wharf, the young man came that is to success [sic] Smith, he seems to be likely. Went up to Mr De Mestre with John Ross who is come to succeed John Smith as Lock Up Keeper. Mr De Mestre gave me authority to demand of Smith keys of lock up and arms ammunition etc. Called at Thomas’ copied out Oath for Mr Lovegrove.

It wasn’t until 1861 when a Court & Watch House (with lock-up) was completed in Plunkett Street Nowra that a constable, Constable Thomas Grieve, was stationed at Nowra. The Illawarra Mercury of 6th June 1861 reported

I am glad to see that the bench has decided upon removing Constable Greeves [sic] to Nowra. This is a step in the right direction.

At this time Bernard Brown resigned his position and was replaced by Senior Sergeant John Searson, who was given charge of the whole Police District of Shoalhaven, as it was then known, which extended for about 100 miles and included Broughton Creek and Ulladulla.

4 Golder Hilary, A High & Responsible Office – A History of the NSW Magistracy, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1991, p. 248

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Shortly after this it was reported that Sergeant Thomas Dee was at Terara and Constable Maurice O’Connor was lock-up keeper at Numba. The floods of the 12th June 1864 were very high in some parts of Terara in Sergeant Dee’s house it was between 3 and 4 feet’. At Numba they had the flood a good depth at Constable O’Connor’s lock-up.5

Thomas Grieve was moved from Nowra to Broughton Creek in January 1871 where a police station had been established and was promoted to the rank of Senior Constable on the 1st December 1872. Grieve was back in Nowra in January 1873 and took over from Sergeant Searson. He was promoted to Sergeant on the 1st August 1876 and his area of responsibility included Terara and Nowra.

From 1873 until 1882, Sergeant Thomas Grieve was Officer in Charge of the Police at Nowra and had four constables under his command; Constable John Davis, Constable Richard Morris, Constable William Broad (Broughton Creek) and Constable Charles Brayne (Terara).

On the 22nd February 1882, Senior Sergeant Thomas Grieve gave charge of the Shoalhaven Police to Constable Charles Brayne. After five years Brayne was transferred to Kiama in 1887 and was replaced by Senior Constable Alfred Amos Sykes.

In 1888 Nowra had one Policeman (Sergeant Sykes) but after a petition for a foot constable was sent to the Inspector General of Police in June, James Goodhew was appointed.

In 1903 a new Police district was formed embracing Wollongong, Kiama, Nowra and Milton. Sub-Inspector Banks, stationed at Wollongong, was in charge of this newly formed area, which extended from Sutherland in the north to Ulladulla in the south. This area included in all some twenty police stations.

In December 1934 the Nowra Station had a strength of seven policemen and by August 1940 the Officer in Charge of Nowra Police Station, Sergeant Newland, had thirteen men under his charge, scattered over a distance of 70 miles.

In 1946 upon the arrival of Tom Moffett, the Nowra Police Station was then the lock-up and police residence, occupied by Perc Russell and his family. The nine officers had one small room in the building, and another one in the front of the sergeant’s residence, to do their work.

The population for the Shoalhaven Police District in 1951 was recorded as 12,609 and by April that year the police strength in Nowra comprised 8 Officers: Six General Duty, one Traffic Officer and one C.I. Duty.

The country Police officer was often required to perform many duties on behalf of other government departments. At a local level, as well as being ‘protectors of life and property’ the police carried out up to 31 separate government undertakings, over and above their normal duties. Even today many police in country areas still carry out some of these functions.6

By 1953 the police strength in Nowra comprised sixteen personnel: twelve General Duty Officers, two Traffic Duty, two C. I. Duty as well as a Police Prosecutor and an Officer in Charge.

In 1955 the State Member for South Coast, Mr J G Beale, requested the Premier to give urgent consideration to the appointment of an additional plain clothes Constable at Nowra. The reason being that crime in the district had increased proportionally with the increase in population.

There was only one Detective stationed at Nowra then and most of his time was occupied with clerical work. He also had a very large area to cover, including tourist resorts in outlying districts, and he spent as many as four or five times a day in the witness box due to the increase in crime.

5 The Illawarra Mercury 24th June 1864 6 Police Department Correspondence from Inspector F H Travis to Alan Clark 30th June 1980 Shoalhaven Historical Society Archives

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This increase also led to the setting up of Quarter Sessions at Nowra. The Detective had to also attend cases at Milton and Kangaroo Valley. By July 1955 an additional Detective and probational Constable were appointed to Nowra to bring the staff up to full strength for the first time in over a year.

In June 1965 the Police District covered an area of more than 700 square miles and more police were requested. Nowra was an important distributing centre for the South Coast – it was a rail head, it had an important Naval establishment and the Army frequently carried out manoeuvres in the area, yet general duty Police were seldom seen in the town. There was a total of 12 general duty Police. In addition, there were three detectives employed on special duties and four traffic Police, making a total strength of 19.

With the creation of a new Stipendiary Magistrate’s District in July 1968, with headquarters in Nowra, Sergeant W J King of the Police Prosecutions Branch at Dubbo, was posted to Nowra to carry out similar duties. In December Constables G White and B Dun of Nowra Special Traffic Patrol were sent to Sydney for instruction in the application and use of breath analysis equipment to detect motorists under the influence of liquor.

The local area took charge of its Police Rescue Launch in April 1971 and was attached to Jervis Bay Police, being kept on a trailer at Nowra Police Station.

On the appointment of Inspector Beresford Siddins in July 1977, the Nowra Police District was upgraded to a Division. The division was to take in all stations within the Shoalhaven, which had been previously controlled by Wollongong. At the time of this change Nowra had a police force of 32 officers under the control of Sergeant Fred Waldron.

The new Station was handed over to the Police Department on 19th December 1977 and at that time the strength of serving officers in Nowra was 34 which included 14 General Duties policemen, detectives, scientific and highway patrol police. The official opening of Nowra’s new Police Station was held on the 12th July 1978. By the end of that year the strength of the Nowra Police Station was considerably increased with the transfer in of 13 new officers.

(Source: Mills Lee Cop This The Shoalhaven Historical Society, Nowra, 2001)

2.4 The Site

The former Police Lock-up, situated on the corner of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets, was erected on land previously used as a police paddock from 1861-1877, a Mechanics Institute from 1878 to 1891, Police Stables from 1891 to 1900, the Nowra Lock-up from 1901 to 1953, the Nowra Police Station from 1953 to 1977, the Nowra Museum from 1980 to the present time.

The plan of the allotment of land gives details that approval was given as a site for a Mechanics Institute in 1874 and then resumed for police purposes in 1891.

2.4.1 Police Paddock 1861-1878

7 The Illawarra Mercury 26th January 1857

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Tenders were called for the erection of a Court & Watch House in September 1860 and the Colonial Architect, Alexander Dawson, selected a five-acre site in Plunkett Street to be reserved.9 By June 1861 the new Court House & Watch House was completed.

Stables were erected at the year of the building and horses were grazed on the police paddock.

When the new Lock-up was completed in 1901 the old Court House was converted to a residence for the Sergeant.

2.4.2 Nowra Mechanics Institute 1878-1900

In mid 1873 the Mayor of the newly formed Municipality of Nowra asked for a site for a School of Arts to be selected. A site at the corner of Plunkett & Kinghorne Streets Nowra, which had been used as a Police Paddock for the Nowra Police, was chosen.

The Nowra Police had previously cleared the land, removed the stumps and generally tidied up the site. Senior Constable Thomas Grieve alerted the Inspector General of Police to the imminent loss of the land on which so much police labour had been exerted. On the 5th June 1873, John McLerie, Inspector-General of the Police, protested to the Colonial Secretary about the proposed loss of this land, which he explained, had already happened in a number of other towns.10

The Minutes of the Nowra Council meeting of 1st April 1874 reveals that notice was received from the Department of Lands that the dedication of half an acre on the corner of Plunkett and Kinghorn [sic] Streets (known as the Police Paddock) had been approved as a site for a School of Arts provided Council erected the dividing fence at its own cost.11

On 8th February 1875, the site was measured for the School of Arts.12

A Mechanic’s Institute was formed in Nowra in 1877 and in its first decade was involved in a range of activities. Nowra Council called for tenders for the construction of the Mechanic’s Institute building in August 1877. Six tenders had submitted prices for various aspects of the work or the entire structure. These were Messrs C Moore, £561/6/-; W Carradine £559; Smith & Watkin £216 (for stonework only); W Reynolds £648; F Moore & A Wolf £520; L McPherson £579/2/1½d.13

Jeremiah Green, Mayor of Nowra, laid the foundation stone for the Mechanic’s Institute on Wednesday 13th November 1878. A bottle containing coins of the realm, local and Sydney newspapers, and a written document was placed in the cavity of the foundation stone.14

It was described as being a brick building with a shingle roof. It consisted of two rooms without ceilings, and no fireplaces, with one room 25ft x 16ft and the other 25ft x 10ft.

8 The Illawarra Mercury 1st February 1858 9 The Illawarra Mercury 12th October 1860 10 Department of Lands Miscellaneous Branch, SRNSW Correspondence 20/7793; 73/4425 with Ms1902/336 11 Nowra Lock Up – Stage 1 of a Conservation Management Plan – prepared by Robyn Florance for Associate Diploma in Local and Applied History, University of New England, Armidale, Aril 1993. 12 Plans of an Allotment of land, Allotment 11 of Section 26, Village of Nowra, 8 Feb 1875. N.5.1489, DLWC Plan 13 Antill R G Settlement in the South, Weston & Co, Kiama, 1982, p. 147 14 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 14th July 1900

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The institute was active for some time but was too far from the centre of the town and meetings collapsed due to lack of interest. Nowra Municipal Council was one of the first to establish a free public library in 1874. The Government granting £200 for this purpose with the condition that the people donate 100 volumes to form the nucleus of the library. The Institute building was used as the town library and the reading room was open six days a week.15 Members were able to browse through a variety of newspapers and magazines including magazines from Britain and the United States.

For several years the Nowra Municipal Council used part of the School of Arts as a Council Chambers but found its location out of the way insofar as the main business activities of the town were concerned. In January 1887 Council resolved that the existing site of the School of Arts be sold and a new site purchased (or acquired) and the amount realised be used towards the erection of a School of Arts in a more central position. A new building was erected in Berry Street and was officially opened in 1892 and named the Nowra School of Arts & Mechanics Institute.

The old Institute building was unlettable. The police requested permission to use the building as stables. They were permitted to occupy the building until arrangements could be made to dispose of the site.16

In July 1900 the Mechanics Institute Building was demolished to make way for the erection of the Nowra Police Lock-up.

2.4.3 The Nowra Lock-up & Residence 1901-1953

Walter Liberty Vernon, the Government Architect, drew up plans for a Nowra Lock-up in 1899. The brick building was to serve as a lock-up to replace that function carried out in the watch house of the old Court House. The plan of the building shows the lock-up contained a charge room, three cells 12ft x 8ft, and exercise yard while the residence contained two bedrooms, a dining room, bathroom, pantry, kitchen and a single man’s room.

Tenders were called in the Government Gazette of 6th February 1900 and the tender of Alick Johnston of Berry was accepted.

2.4.3.1 The Architect

Walter Liberty Vernon was born at High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire on 11th August 1846 the eldest son of Robert Vernon and his wife Margaret Liberty. Vernon was an established, well- respected architect in Hastings but to alleviate his bronchial asthma, on doctor’s advice, he immigrated to Australia. He and his wife, Margaret Ann Jones, and their four children arrived in Sydney on the S.S Ballaarat on 3rd November 1883.

In 1884 William Wilkinson Wardell invited Vernon into partnership. Practising as Wardell & Vernon they designed buildings in Sydney such as the Union Bank, Gibbs Bright & Co., and in Melbourne, a residence for Sir Rupert Clarke. The partnership was dissolved in March 1889 and Vernon set up practice on his own at the Union Bank Chambers in Pitt Street Sydney.

On the 1st August 1890, Vernon was appointed Government Architect, a position he held for twenty-one years until he retired in 1911. As the new Government Architect, Vernon was required to ‘make do’ with the staff of his predecessor James Barnet, which numbered seventy- three in 1890, and was reduced to forty-four by 1893.

By August 1911, when he retired, his staff numbered 152 and the office was an efficient public service machine. Most of his buildings during his tenure of office were then, and still are, regarded as landmarks. Designed, he stated, ‘not to last a hundred years but for all time’. Among his best-known works are the Art Gallery, the Fisher Library, the Mitchell Library, the Registrar General’s Office, Central Railway Station, additions to the Australian Museum, the Crown Law Office, the Treasury, Customs House, and the Government Printing Office.

15 The Book of Shoalhaven, School of Arts 16 Department of Lands Miscellaneous Branch, SRNSW Correspondence 20/7793 Ms1902/336

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Vernon actively pursued a second career that he loved as much as architecture, that of a soldier. He commanded the NSW Lancers during 1903-1906 and was subsequently promoted to Colonel of the Second Australian Light Horse Brigade. Vernon resumed private practice at Challis House in 1913, and built his retirement home, “Bramhall’ in Double Bay. He died of septicaemia on 17th January 1914 at the age of sixty-seven.

2.4.3.2 The Builder

Alexander George Gilder Johnston was born at Wallsend, the son of Nathaniel Sneyd Johnston and his wife Ann. He was known as ‘Sandy’. He married Elizabeth Boyd at Berry in 1897 and the couple had four children: Ethel May (1898), Elizabeth Ann (1899), Mary Francis (1905) and Alexander Robert John (1915).

Johnston was a builder by trade and advertised he was a Carpenter, Builder, Contractor and Undertaker with premises in Princess Street, Berry. He also owned and operated a sawmill at Bellawongarah in conjunction with his business. The sawmill was sold to Molloy in 1917 who moved it closer to the Berry Railway Station.

In March 1900 when it was announced in the Government Gazette that he had won the tender to erect the Nowra Lock-Up he was in the process of constructing the All Saints Church of England in Plunkett Street, Nowra. He later built the Berry School of Arts with Seward Elliott being the bricklayer, and the Woodhill Butter Factory.

‘Sandy’ Johnston died at Berry in 1920 and was buried in the Berry General Cemetery.

2.4.4 Nowra Police Station 1953-1977

In October 1953 the residence became a Police Station with three cells attached and the rooms converted to office space. The large walk in storeroom was converted to a Men’s shower area; the Bathroom containing a chip heater and bath was converted into Men’s Toilet‘s. With the removal of the old Bega Stove from the kitchen it became a meal room. The fuel copper and washing tubs were removed from the laundry area and the space turned into a storeroom.

The rear doorway to the Charge Room was filled in and the steps removed. The large window on the western wall was replaced with a smaller one and the Charge Room was converted into a female cell. The only access then to the female cell was from the meal room.

A storeroom was constructed in the laundry area and a smaller storeroom, which later became the exhibit room, was built off the meal room.

In 1962, the area known as the Police Paddock, which the police no longer used was leased to the Nowra Public School for use as additional playground area.

In 1965 more office space was required and although the question of accommodation requirements was examined nothing was done to alleviate the problem. In 1969 further renovations took place.

In February 1970 the Minister for Lands, the Hon. T. L. Lewis, MLA, while attending another function in Nowra, paid a courtesy call to the Police Station and was astonished to find the 27 officers working in cramped conditions. Local member, Mr Jack Beale, immediately wrote to the Premier, the Hon. R.W. Askin, MLA, requesting that the Premier consider appropriate action to be taken in regard to the inadequate conditions at the Nowra Police Station.

When our colleague, the Minister for Lands, paid a courtesy call on the Nowra Police Station he was embarrassed, as I have been for some time, to find that 27 policemen and police officers were accommodated in an old and dilapidated converted cottage with male and female lock-ups incorporated.

He pointed out some of the inadequacies of the police accommodation: The Officer in Charge shares a room with two others

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Eight constables share a small closed-in verandah Five share the small detective’s room which creates difficulty in taking evidence Files have been taken out of the offices and placed in the corridor to make some room The luncheon room is small and the female lock-up (without a toilet) has its entrance to this room There is no female toilet for women police, or prisoners Breathalyser tests are given in any available room and there are no facilities for proper care of the valuable instruments used.17

He urged the Premier to immediately review the position and for a new Nowra Police Station to be placed on the Police Department’s major works program.

POLICE STATION UNDER FIRE

Nowra Policemen were working on a verandah and in corridors because the cottage they used as a station was unsuitable. The Shire President made this claim on Monday “If you go for an interview there, everyone else in the building can hear what you have to say,” he added. He said a female secretary appointed this year, had to work in the station with 20 men and use the toilet facilities 100 yards away at the Court House. Council decided to press for a new police building in Nowra. Cr. Gordon Ritchie said a similar request had been made two years ago. “We should impress on the Government that it is not good enough for the police to operate from just any cottage. The President said the council’s request would be in time for inclusion in the Government’s works program estimates for 1971.

The News Leader, Wednesday 12th August, 1970

The Shire President at the time was Greg Watson, the current Mayor of the City of Shoalhaven.

When Jack Beale, the member for South Coast and Minister for Conservation, officially opened Nowra’s 15th Annual Police Ball on 14thAugust 1970 he said that the Askin Government valued highly the dedicated men of the New South Wales Police Force and their splendid work. The force had the full backing of the Government in carrying out its difficult task of protecting men, women and children and property.18

In November 1970 it was announced that arrangements had been made for the Special Traffic Patrol which were carrying out office work under most unsatisfactory conditions on the enclosed verandah of the police station, to move to the new government building being erected at 64 North Street, Nowra.

17 Letter dated 3rd March 1970 Shoalhaven Historical Society Archives 18 The News Leader, Monday 17th August 1970

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NEW TRAFFIC POLICE STATION

The Special Traffic Police at Nowra are to move to new premises at 64 North Street. The Premier, Mr Askin, told the Minister for South Coast and Minister for Conservation, Mr Jack Beale, that this would assist in the accommodation problem at Nowra Police Station. Mr Askin said that the inadequacies of the present Nowra Police Station were fully appreciated by the Government. However, it was just not possible at the present time to make funds available to construct new police premises. The situation applies to a number of centres throughout the State. In order to provide some relief until new premises are available the Public Service Board and the Police Department are investigating staff accommodation requirements at police stations and other police offices. Mr Askin said he had requested the rental of additional accommodation to ensure the premises and facilities available were adequate to police needs and for members of the public. One of the first few centres where additional accommodation has been secured for police under this arrangement is Nowra. Mr Askin said the lease had been negotiated for the whole building under construction at 64 North Street, Nowra. This would provide office accommodation for the Traffic Control Police and the staff of a number of government departments. The News Leader, Wednesday 25th November, 1970

The following May no change had been made in office accommodation with the Traffic Control Police still using cramped conditions on the Police Station verandah.

In 1972 the office space in the station was once again re-arranged when the exhibit room was converted to a female toilet. The doorway to the female cell (Female & Juvenile Shelter) was filled in and a new doorway cut into the northern wall of the cell. To hide the newly converted area from the street a 6ft high timber screen, complete with doorway, was erected.

Finally in March 1975 Shoalhaven Shire Council received an application from the Minister for Public Works for the construction of a new Police Station on the site of the old building. This would be the future headquarters of the Police District of Shoalhaven and the South Coast with police strength of more than 100 officers.19

2.5 The Nowra Museum 1980 – Present

2.7.1 Saved From Demolition

The Plans prepared by the Public Works Department included the demolition of the old building. When it became known that the old station was to be vacated the Shoalhaven Historical Society sought ways to save it from demolition.

The society’s museum had been, for several years, housed in a small front room of the Nowra School of Arts and the old police station building would provide much needed space for the society’s collection of local history.

A five-year battle began in September 1975 when a Shoalhaven Historical Society Museum Committee was formed to look at the building. The committee comprised President Reg Walker, Kevin Bindon and Kay Harrison. They contacted Mr Joe Calcraft (the then local MLC) asking how to go about saving the station.

As a result, an approach was made to the State Government, requesting it to reverse a decision to demolish the building, and allow it to be used as a museum. The request was refused.

19 Antill R.G., Settlement in the South, Weston & Co., Kiama, 1982, p. 277

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However, soon after there was a change of Government and the society decided to try again. Mr John Hatton, MLA, leant his support, but again the Government said “NO”.

Not to be deterred, the society organised a petition on the matter. About 800 signatures were obtained in a little over a month. The petition was forwarded to the Deputy Premier, Mr Jack Ferguson, with strong legal representations from society President, Mr Hugh Gubb, personally and again with support from Mr Hatton.

Some encouragement came in February 1977 from Mr Paul Landa (then Minister for Planning and Environment). He called for a report on the old station from the Historic Building and Sites Advisory Committee. After considering this report, Mr Ferguson and Mr Landa made a joint announcement on 21st June 1977 that the building would not be demolished. They stated that the cellblock and exercise yard would go, but other parts would be restored. At this stage Shoalhaven Shire Council was right behind the campaign to save the building.

However, the newly elected council had different thoughts when it met on 24th October 1977. It decided to make strong representations to Mr Ferguson, opposing the renovation of the police station for use as a museum. The Minister expressed surprise at Council’s reaction, and then the issue really came alive in the community.

“Letters to the Editor” columns in newspapers were filled with townspeople’s varying views on the subject. Editorials gave the paper’s views and politicians were also bombarded with correspondence, mostly in favour of the restoration.

Deputations and conferences did not resolve the matter, and a visit by the Premier, Mr Neville Wran, did not produce a decision. It was not until February 1979 that Mr Ferguson announced, once and for all, that the building would remain. Project Architect, Mr Gene Ransom (who is also the architect of the Court House extensions), inspected the premises in April and renovations began in September 1979.

The final decision was made to demolish the cellblock but to restore the rest of the building.

The walls would be knocked over ‘on a battered angle’ and piles of rubble left around to make it look like ruins. The historical society considered the cellblock to be of most historical value but had to accept the compromise.

2.7.2 “Bulldoze It”

One Councillor was always a critic of the building, and even as restoration began, he repeated his motion of 21 months earlier, “to bulldoze it”. He was out of order, of course, and shortly afterwards council withdrew its opposition. It also offered co-operation in the establishment of the Museum and the landscaping of the area.

The contract for the demolition of the cellblock was let to local builder, Mr E. White. On 30th October 1979 a bulldozer arrived on the site and took only one day to demolish the cellblock. The cells, which held some of the State’s notorious criminals, including Jockey Smith, were soon demolished.

The verandah was altered to its original design. The door opening onto the front verandah was replaced with an aluminium framed fixed pane of glass. The step can still be seen in front of the window.

The open side porch, which was the breathalyser room, was closed in. The exterior doorway and the interior doorway were sealed giving no access to the porch. The door was eventually removed and the porch became an alcove.

The roof, of terracotta tiles was replaced when the renovations took place. An article in the Nowra News dated 19th December 1979 states that the renovators had to send to Melbourne for the special batch of tiles. A search of the under floor area found a few Wunderlich terracotta tiles. They are stamped Wunderlich Modern French Tile. A number of terracotta finials were also found with the trademark of Goodlet & Smith.

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The renovation work was completed and on the 8th September 1980, Mr Jack Ferguson, Deputy Premier and Minister for Public Works, handed over the keys of the building to the historical society.

The State Government met the full cost of the restoration work, amounting to $46,000. In addition, the Shoalhaven Historical Society spent $5000 in setting up a museum in the building.

The museum committee now had two months to prepare the historical exhibitions before the building was to be opened to the public. The Hon. Mr Justice Else-Mitchell, a former judge of the Supreme Court of NSW, performed the official opening of the Museum, on 7th December 1980.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT, NSW THE OLD NOWRA POLICE STATION WAS RENOVATED & HANDED OVER TO SHOALHAVEN HISTORICAL SOCIETY ON 8TH SEPTEMBER 1980 BY MR JACK FERGUSON MP DEPUTY PREMIER & MINISTER FOR PUBLIC WORKS

W K PILZ, OBE Director of Public Works Government Architect John Hatton MP Member for South Coast

2.7.3 Museum Renovations

In 1992, after many years of hard work, the Shoalhaven Historical Society had raised enough funds to add two rooms to the rear of the building. The rooms were urgently needed to house the societies’ archival collection and were built on what was once the exercise yard and ancillary area.

The extension was designed so that the window openings imitated the cell doors and the roof was shaped similar to the ‘exercise yard’ roof.

The Public Works Architect, Robert Foote approved the plans, and work commenced in June 1992. Nowra Brickworks supplied the bricks, which were to match the old bricks, and were laid by bricklayers B & G Faulks. Peter Garratty carried out the electrical work while the framework was supplied and fitted by Tony Rigg Engineering. South Coast Glass supplied the glass.

2.6 The Building

The 1899 plan of the building shows the lock-up contained a charge room, three cells 12ft x 8ft, and exercise yard while the residence contained two bedrooms, a dining room, bathroom, pantry, kitchen and a single man’s room.

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SCHEDULE OF WORKS

DATE RENOVATION 1900 Demolition of School of Arts building & site cleared 1901 Residence & Lock-up completed 1908 New Storeroom built 1915 Roof repaired 1916 Asphalt path laid to Charge Room September 1933 Electrical work carried out in lock-up & residence October 1933 Electricity switched on 1940 Sewerage connected to lock-up & residence 1951 Front verandah of residence converted into an extra room 1951 French Doors removed from front room and room converted to Charge Room complete with dock 1953 Lock-up & Residence converted to Police Station Two rooms converted to office space The large walk in store room converted to Men’s shower area Bathroom converted to Men’s toilet Laundry converted to store room The rear door of the Charge Room was filled in and the steps removed and converted into a female cell Kitchen converted to meal room with access to Female Cell (old Charge Room) A small storeroom was built off the meal room 1969 Verandah closed in 1972 Exhibit Room converted to Female Toilet The doorway to the female cell (Female Cell & Juvenile Centre) was filled in and new doorway cut into the northern wall. 6ft high timber screen erected to hide converted area from the street, complete with doorway Bathroom converted to Men’s toilet Laundry converted to store room The rear door of the Charge Room was filled in and the steps removed and converted into a female cell Kitchen converted to meal room with access to Female Cell (old Charge Room) A small storeroom was built off the meal room 1979 Cells demolished The front verandah altered to original design The door opening into the front verandah was replaced with an aluminium framed fixed pane glass The open side porch was closed in New floor laid 1992 Exercise yard area made into a room with window openings imitating the cell doors and the roof shaped similar to the original roof A meeting room made from the area between the residence and the cellblock

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2.7 Police Stations in the District

2.7.1 Milton Police Station

Closed in 1912.

2.7.2 Ulladulla Police Station

Ulladulla Police Station was located on the corner of Murramarang Road and Wason Street and was closed after the First World War. Constable Hamilton was stationed there for many years.20

2.7.3 Broughton Creek Police Station

In January 1871 a Police Station was established at Broughton Creek. The cottage still stands in the old township.

2.7.4 Berry Police Station

When a new police residence and lock up was to be built, to replace the constable’s cottage in the old township, a portion of land from the Court House site was excised and the police buildings were erected on the site.21 The Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon designed the new buildings and tenders for the erection of the Police Station were advertised in March 1895 issues of the Government Gazette. Plans and Specifications could be inspected at the Government Architect’s Office, Sydney or at the Berry Court House.22

The local press advertised on 30th March 1895 that Tenders have been received for the erection of a Police Station premises at Berry. The lowest tender is that of J H Read, £1,795.23 The following May the local press recorded that Mr Read, the contractor is now making good headway with the new police station building. By November 1896 the buildings were completed.

Berry Police Quarters – The new police quarters at Berry, which cost £2000 are now ready for occupation. They have been substantially built, and are, as may be imagined from the cost, a long way ahead of present requirements.24

2.7.5 Kangaroo Valley Police Station

In 1884 a police constable was appointed to Kangaroo Valley Police Station ‘added to the six houses comprising the village’. Two years later a Court House was established in a private building rented for the purpose.25 Agitation for the erection of a new Court House had begun by 1899 and in March 1902 tenders were called for the erection of a new Court House incorporating a Police Station.26 The building was erected using Kangaroo Valley Sandstone and The Town & Country Journal of 25th March 1903 reported that ‘the new court house was in course of erection’. The building was completed by October 1904 when it was noted in the local press “The court house is finished at last and First Class Constable Reid has taken possession without any official ceremony”.27

Court sittings were discontinued in 1972 and the Court House converted for use as the Police Station in 1986.28

20 McAndrew Alex, Memoirs of Mollymook, Milton and Ulladulla, The Author, Epping, 1989, p 125 21 Deposited Plan DP19995 shows the sub-divided lot used for police purposes 22 The Government Gazette 22nd March 1895 23 The Shoalhaven News 30th March 1895 24 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 9th November 1896 25 Bayley William A Kangaroo Valley, New South Wales, Kangaroo Valley Historical Society, 1953 26 Kangaroo Valley Times March 1902 27 The News Leader 21st October 1904 28 Green Annette, Kangaroo Valley Township Study on behalf of Shoalhaven City Council, February 1991, Volume Two

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2.7.6 Huskisson Police Station

Established c 1912 Closed 1934. At one time located on the Cnr Owen and Sydney Streets. Cottage still standing.

2.7.7 Yalwal Police Station

Burnt in the fires of 1939.

2.8 Social History

The Nowra Lock-up was erected during 1900 by Sandy Johnston of Berry and was completed by February 1901. Constable John Gill was the first Lock-Up Keeper to reside in the new premises and Jack’ Hoot’ Gibson was the last.

The Lock-up was established not because of any unusual tendency to lawlessness in the district but as a visible sign of law and order which gave the town a sense of security.

The Constables sent to Nowra were experienced men who exercised their authority with restraint and dignity and were generally held in high esteem in the town. They were mostly married men and the presence of wives and children and the well kept gardens gave the lock-up a homely comfortable look.

It was not unusual for the Lock-up Keeper’s wife to be interrupted while doing her chores or while entertaining should the police on duty decide to lock up a drunk while she was preparing supper for her guests.

In 1953 the Lock-up was converted to a Police Station and the Police and their job made all the harder by having to work in cramped conditions in a building which was not built to cater for modern sophisticated Police facilities.

2.8.1 The Lock-up Keepers

The Shoalhaven Telegraph dated 13th February 1901 stated that the new police quarters in Nowra had been finished and that Constable Gill, lock-up keeper, had taken possession.29

Constable Gill was born on 23rd October 1864 at Maitland, the son of James and Charlotte Gill. He married Mary Varley at West Maitland in 1886. He had joined the police force by 1892 and was stationed at Berry in November.

He was transferred to Nowra in April 1895 and moved into the residence in February 1901.30 Constable Gill remained lock up keeper until he was promoted and transferred to Balgownie in December 1903.31

First-class Constable Gill is being transferred to Balgownie, in the Illawarra district. During his residence here he proved himself a good and efficient officer.32

In 1903 a new police district was formed embracing Wollongong, Kiama, Nowra and Milton. Sub-Inspector Banks, stationed at Wollongong, was in charge of the newly-formed are which extended from Sutherland on the north to Ulladulla on the south, including in all some twenty police stations.

Constable Gill’s replacement was Michael Donnellan who arrived in Nowra in December 1903 to take up duty as lock up keeper a position he was to hold for over 20 years.

29 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 13th February 1901 30 Police Archives 31 Police Archives 32 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 23rd December 1903

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Donnellan had been born in Ireland in 1869 the son of Michael and Catherine Donnellan. He joined the NSW police force in March 1900 his first appointment was at Parramatta where he was promoted to an Ordinary Constable in March 1901. He was transferred to Auburn in January 1903.33 Michael married Maude Lynch at Auburn in 1903 and soon after their marriage he was transferred to Nowra.

The Donnellan’s arrived in Nowra after Christmas 1903 and took up duties on the 29th December. Their first child, Margaret, was born at Nowra in 1904 followed by Katherine in 1906.

Constable Donnellan was promoted to Constable 1st Class in January 1914 and was temporarily transferred to the Metropolitan Division. Maude Donnellan was born at Nowra in 1916.

To the children of Nowra Constable Donnellan was not only a policeman but he was also a friend and was known to one and all as ‘Mickey’. ‘

Mickey’ Donnellan received a transfer in December 1924 and he was given a ‘send-off’ at the School of Arts on the 18th December.

Speaking at the send-off and presentation to Constable Donnellan on Thursday night Lieut. Ulric Walsh said he had grateful recollections of Mrs Donnellan’s kindly attention to him when as a youngster he was suffering from a serious illness. Mrs Donnellan’s training and experience in nursing had greatly eased his suffering.

Donnellan’s departure from the district was keenly felt and caused ‘W.J.M’. to write in the local press under the heading ‘Mickey’.

The Mighty Males told Policeman Donnellan good-bye, but no one voiced the opinion of the kids. For two decades First-Class Constable Donnellan has been ‘Mickey’ to the youngsters of Nowra, much to his own amusement. To them he represented all the might and majesty of the Law, for was he not custodian of the ‘Little Brown Jug’ on the Hill. Sergeant’s could come and go – Mickey was an institution that went on forever. To the infantile mind he has been mightier than kings, and a spell of enforced labour on Mickey’s firewood pile loomed up as a penalty of untold horror.

With the passing years, Mickey still remained the same old Mickey minus the fearful conception of infancy. He justly earned the confidence and respect of a crimeless community, and demonstrated that a policeman can be a real policeman without being a case-seeking, ambitious and ruthless automation.34

Constable Thomas William Sattler and his family arrived in Nowra in 1924 and on 11th March 1927 moved into the police residence and took over as lock up keeper. Sattler had been born in Armidale in 1890 and joined the police force in 1914.

He married Catherine Fennell at Paddington in 1918 and was stationed at various places before being transferred to Nowra from Coonamble in 1923.35 The family lived in a home in Plunkett Street prior to moving to the Lock up. Three Sattler children were born in Nowra while their father was stationed here.

Daughter Patricia, born in ‘Edman Hospital’ Junction Street on the 17th March 1924, recalls:

I started school next to the old Court House when I was 5 years old but can remember the police station. At the back of the house was the lock up with the big door. It had a bar across it with a lock. The pigeonhole was where my mother served the prisoner meals.

33 Police Archives 34 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 24th December 1924 35 Police Archives

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There were usually only one or two there at a time – not serious cases I believe.

I remember the hallway, kitchen and the dining room where I fell out the window and still have the scar on my forehead today. The front room was my parents bedroom and on the right of the hallway was my Dad’s office (door always closed) which opened out onto the front verandah.36

Constable Sattler passed a sergeant’s qualifying examination in 1927 and in July 1929 received notice of his transfer to Cabramatta. The Sattler family left Nowra on the 16th July 1929. 37

Constable Sattler left Nowra yesterday for his new field of duty at Cabramatta. He carries with him the best wishes of the community, in which he did good and honest work.38

Constable William McIntosh ‘Bill’ Irwin, who had been on duty at Corrimal for nine years, replaced Constable Sattler as Lock- up Keeper. Irwin had received notice of his transfer to Nowra in July 1929. His departure was noted in the local press.39

The Wollongong papers say that news of Constable Irwin’s removal to Nowra was received at Corrimal with general regret, for that officer was very popular in that centre and took a keen interest in all movements for the advancement of the town.40

Bill Irwin was born at Gwynneville in 1896 and had been raised and educated in the Wollongong district. He was apprenticed as a coachbuilder and blacksmith before enlisting in the 13th Infantry Battalion and saw action in Belgium and France during World War I. On his return from the war he did voluntary ambulance work around Corrimal and Wollongong.

He joined the Police Force in January 1920 and the following year married Dorothy Baker, a young nurse he had met in Wollongong during the influenza epidemic of 1919.41 Their only daughter Joan was born at Corrimal.

When the Irwin family arrived in Nowra there was only one sergeant and one constable stationed here. Joan was only six years old when the family moved to Nowra and she recalls: -

We moved from a small cottage to such a large police station, our luggage being piled so high that it hit the Kiama railway overhead bridge.

The police station fences were bordered with many trees including pine, wattle, and pink Lilli Pilli’s (I made my first sale of 6d selling the fruit) and bracken fern.

The pine trees were very tall and magpies used to nest in them and attack children going to school.

There was a big palm at the front and a huge hydrangea grew on the left- hand side of the front gate (a favourite spot to hide). Along the eastern wire fence chickens used to run free.

When he took up the position as lock up keeper his wife was also responsible for feeding prisoners when the need arose.

36 Correspondence to SHS from Patricia Sattler14th May 1999 37 Notation in Sattler’s diary held by the family 38 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 17th July 1929 39 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 12th July 1929 40 ibid 41 Heslin A.R & Watt S.A., Visions Accomplished, NSW Ambulance Publishing, Nowra, 1992, p. 118

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Mum and Dad were always busy. There was no electricity in the cells or the exercise yard and Dad had to go in using a torch. The prisoner was supplied with soap and a towel and a bucket served as a wash basin. There was no sewerage then and Dad also collected the buckets used as toilets. He used to take them up to the men’s toilet, which was located near the Court House. I don’t remember him spilling any.

Dad washed the prisoner’s blankets and mum cooked everybody the same breakfast. The prisoners worked the vegetable garden at the foot of the steps. There was a magical place between the back of the jail and the brick wall. I used to put green fruit, from the orchard at the back of the court house, in there to ripen, it was green, hence a stomach ache.

I gave coloured paper drinks through the little trap door; the colours from crepe paper mixed with Sarsons fruit saline. I got into trouble for that but I don’t remember them ever hitting me.

The residence contained two bedrooms, a lounge room, dining room and a bathroom. The front verandah was easily converted to a guest- room.

We put up an orange and dark blue striped canvas blind. There was no door and we had no intruders. Only people going past yelling at the colours.

The charge room at that time was located on the western side of the building and was reached by steps at the rear. The kitchen was located adjacent to the charge room and the laundry was located between the kitchen and the entrance to the residence, next door to the cells.

The station was a very busy establishment and when it rained it flooded the entrance to the cells and the laundry floor, and so it was difficult to go from the kitchen to the rest of the house. The kitchen had awful green paint. The ceilings were high and all the rooms had open fires. For light gas burners were placed on the mantle piece in the dining room and kitchen.

During that time, [the depression] men, women and children, who didn’t have a train ticket ‘jumped the rattler’.

Dad was often called to put them in jail. One thirteen year old took his mother’s water-set when he ran away from home, both landed in the cell. There was good will in the town and in the homes. On Dole Day a line of aboriginals and whites would stretch from the charge room to my cubby house out the back, all armed with chaff bags to collect food.

Joan had a very happy childhood and even though she was the only child she was never lonely.

Even though I had no brothers or sisters there were always children around. Cousins from Wollongong were often guests. My cubby house was lean-two, just four poles holding a corrugated iron roof, to keep out the rain. One day a cow chased me up the steps at the rear of the court house when court was being held. I got into trouble for that.

Dad told me once that he used the bars in the courtyard to hang people. I wrote about it in my school (Nowra) essay.

Having served in the First World War Bill joined the ‘Diggers’ in Nowra. Bill was a good sportsman and it was not long before he was a member of the ‘Digger’s Cricket Team’. In a match against Kangaroo Valley in October 1930 Bill was mentioned in the local press.

“…Bill Irwin is not as good a batsman as Bradman, but for keenness in the field, the almighty Don has nothing on him. His running catch that disposed the Rev. Summer was a beauty…Nelson, Kangaroo Valley’s stonewaller,

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caused the Digger’s a lot of annoyance in the second innings. They were around him like flies in a jam dish but he refused to get out. In his first lick, Irwin got one past him and skittled the three stumps…”42

Bill was the founder of the Ambulance Service in Nowra and was duly appointed a Life Member of the NSW Ambulance Service for ‘meritorious service.’

Dad (an ambulance officer), and Mum (a nurse) gave any first aid and any serious cases Dr Ryan was called. He was a policeman by day and night and an ambulance officer by day.

He had been a volunteer ambulance officer in Wollongong and his wife was a nurse. Soon after his arrival in Nowra, he saw the need for an ambulance service. He spoke to the Doctors, professional and business people of the town and to anyone else who would listen. His persistence brought results.

He took on the role of secretary of the committee. He was in there, boots and all, standing with the people of Nowra running everything from raffles and card nights to dances and concerts. He also played a role in the concerts.

Within twelve months, sufficient money had been raised and so the first ambulance was handed over at a public ceremony on 3rd May 1932. He had been so involved in the project that at one stage his sergeant suggested he should make up his mind on whether he wanted to be an ambulanceman or policeman.

But a policeman he was and in September 1933 he was asked by the Police Personnel Branch to join the Water Police at Blakehurst. Bill left Nowra in October 1933 and his departure was noted in the Shoalhaven Telegraph.

Constable Irwin left Nowra for Como on Monday and Constable Cook departed for Milton on Tuesday morning. A legion of friends will regret the removal of these two popular officers43.

His replacement was Constable Peter McPherson. McPherson was born in Scotland on 5th September 1890 and joined the Police Force on 3rd February 1916. He was stationed in Sydney when he married Christina McAulay on the 18th October 1919. His ‘Special Qualification’ was that he could read and write ‘Gaelic’.

He was transferred to Camden, as Lock up Keeper, in August 1920 and remained there for twelve years. He was transferred to Shellharbour in August 1932 and after a short stay was transferred to Nowra.

Constable McPherson arrived in Nowra to take up duty as Lock-Up Keeper on 10th October 1933 and remained in Nowra until January 1936 when he was transferred to Corrimal.

Constable McPherson who has acted as lock up keeper at Nowra for some time has been promoted to the rank of Sergeant and will be shortly transferred to Corrimal.44

Constable P.J.E. ‘Perce’ Russell was his replacement. Russell was transferred to Nowra in October 1933 and lived in a cottage in Shoalhaven Street owned by Mrs Muller. On the 17th January 1936 he took up duty as lock up keeper and he and his wife moved into the residence.45

Constable Percival John Edward Russell had been born at Cooma in 1903 and had joined the police force in July 1927 and spent three years stationed in Sydney before was transferred to

42 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 1 October 1930 43 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 10th October 1933 44 The Shoalhaven Telegraph 4th January 1936 45 Police Archives

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Milton in June 1930. He married Dorothy Morris at Waverley on 14th August 1930. The couple had no children.46

When Constable Tom Moffett arrived in Nowra in December 1946 Constable Perce Russell occupied the lock up and police residence. Tom recalled: -

‘nine police officers had the use of one room in the lock up and one room in the sergeant’s residence from which to work.’

‘There were usually prisoners in the lock up, often a crowd of Kooris. One of them, was Ernie Licey, a blue-eyed blackfellow who drank a lot from his brown paper bag. When drunk, he would walk to the lock up, knock at the door, and spend the night in the cell. Next morning he would head for the wood heap. He would then be given a bucket of hot water to scrub the lino- covered floor which, would later be polished. He would be served the same quality meals as the Russell family.

Constable Russell was promoted to Senior Constable on the 25th February 1946 and attained the rank of Sergeant 2nd Class two years later. He was transferred to Wollongong in 1949 and took up duties there on the 19th August.47

Sgt. P.E. Russell, of the Nowra Police, is leaving on Thursday to take up duty at Wollongong. Sgt. Russell, who is one of the most popular officers here, has been stationed at Nowra for sixteen years. Mrs Russell, who is in Shoalhaven Hospital, will join her husband later.48

Constable A.J. Gibson replaced him. Constable Andrew Jacklin ‘Hoot’ Gibson had been born at Rockdale in 1904. He had joined the police force in May 1931 and after 6 months training was stationed at Gloucester. Jack married May Garner a daughter of a local storekeeper while stationed there.

After being stationed at Raymond Terrace and Jerry’s Plains he was transferred to Kangaroo Valley as Officer in Charge in December 1940. The couple had four children, Gerald, Fay, Jill and Ann.

After nine years in the Valley he was transferred to Nowra where he took up duty as lock up keeper on the 21st July 1949. 49

Snr Constable and Mrs A.J. Gibson and family will be transferring their home from Kangaroo Valley to Plunkett Street, Nowra this week. Constable Gibson, who has been transferred to Nowra Station, took a very active part in public affairs in Kangaroo Valley. He held among other positions, that of Group Captain of the very efficient Bush Fire Brigade.50

Shirley Bennett (nee Bird) often spent holidays with the Gibson family.

My Mother and Jack Gibson were brother and sister. I met my husband, Reg, on a visit to Nowra. He was a friend of my cousin Gerald Gibson and partnered me to a local dance. We were engaged two months later and within the year we were married. That was 48 years ago.

Uncle Jack and Aunty May had their bedroom on the left-hand side of the cottage. The lounge room was located on the right hand side and had a piano where many a ‘sing- a- long’ was held. The Girls bedroom was the

46 NSW BDM CDROM Indexes 47 Police Archives 48 The Shoalhaven and Nowra News 16th August 1949 49 Police Archives 50 The Shoalhaven & Nowra News June 28th 1949

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next one on the right and then the bathroom. The gaol was at the rear and you had to cross a courtyard to get to the kitchen.51

Constable Gibson was transferred to Wollongong in October 1953 and was the last lock up keeper to live in the residence. He was also the last mounted policeman to serve in the district.52

Sergeant A.J. Gibson, of the Nowra Police, has been transferred to Wollongong and is leaving Nowra today, Tuesday. His residence is now being converted into a full Police Station for offices and is situated on the corner of the Princes Highway and Plunkett Street.53

Ann Morris (nee Gibson) started school in Kangaroo Valley and when the family moved to Nowra was enrolled at St Michael’s.

Peach trees grew along the driveway at the side of the building, between the Court House and the lock up. They were delicious and as big as tennis balls.54

Sgt Gibson remained in Wollongong after he retired from the force and died on 28th February 1977. His wife May, now 91 years of age, resides in a nursing home in Wollongong.

Constable Ken Cavanagh replaced Gibson as lock up keeper but as the cells were now attached to the Police Station, Cavanagh resided in the Police Sergeant’s Residence. The Officer in Charge, Wally Carr was then accommodated in the brick house opposite the Court House, which had been, purchased by the Department in 1951.

2.8.2 The Stokes Family

Around this time the Stokes family, who lived in Plunkett Street opposite the Police Station, began an association with the Police Station which was to last for over 25 years.

Harry Walter ‘Harry’ Stokes retired from the Railway in the early 1950s and established a vegetable garden in vacant ground adjacent to the Court House. Harry looked after the garden as a hobby and it kept him busy in his retirement. The vegetables he grew ‘were given to anyone who wanted them’.

At that time there was a low fence along the Plunkett Street boundary between the Lock up and the Court House. A set of gates at the entrance to the driveway gave access to police vehicles. The entrance was kerbed when access was no longer required but as different materials were used in the repair work the entrance is still visible in the kerb.

Shirley Stokes recalls: -

You could always tell when someone had been picked up, as the ‘paddy wagon’ would scrape the gutter when someone was in the back.

When the Lock Up became a Police Station there was no one to prepare the meals for the prisoners and staff as the meals had always been prepared by the lock up keeper’s wife.

It was at this time that Mary Ann Stokes took on the preparation of the meals for the police station using vegetables supplied from Harry’s garden. She had raised thirteen children so she knew the hard work involved.

Hail, rain or shine the meals had to be taken across the road on trays. Sometimes up to 20 meals had to be prepared in a day – especially on court days.

51 Robyn Florance interview with Shirley Bennett 21/1/2001 52 Police Archives; Recollections of Tom Moffitt SHS) 53 The Shoalhaven & Nowra News Tuesday 6th October 1953 54 Robyn Florance interview with Ann Morris 22nd January 2001

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In the early 1970's Mary Ann became ill. Her daughter Shirley took over the job and continued to supply the daily meals until 1975 when caring for her mother became a top priority and she no longer had the time.

Whenever a female prisoner was brought into the cells police procedure required that a female officer be present at all times. The closest female officer was stationed at Wollongong and there was quite a delay before the officer arrived in Nowra. Special permission was given for Shirley to act as Matron and was on call whenever a female was brought into the cells.

It was an awful feeling being locked in the cell. When they closed the cell door I was left alone with the prisoner. It was something I never got used to doing. I didn’t like it one bit.

Shirley continued in that role until a female officer was stationed at Nowra.

2.8.3 Ghostly Tales

Many of the policemen who have served in Nowra from the 1950s have heard of the ghost which occasionally visits the Nowra Police Station and some have experienced first hand the ‘ghostly presence’.

The ghost has especially made its presence felt on the night shift, 11pm to 7am, and although it has been felt during daylight hours many of the men have kept quiet about their ghostly encounters for fear of reprisal.

Before Sgt. Keith Ford arrived in Nowra in 1955 to take up duty he received a letter from a fellow officer at Nowra telling him of the ‘ghost’ in the Police Station. Had this officer been spooked enough to warn him of the ghost or was he just having a bit of fun? We will never know.

In the 1960s an officer working alone on night shift was seated at the enquiry counter. It was just breaking daylight and he was just on the verge of sleep when he heard the side door open. Then he heard footsteps walk up the hall and heard the door open into the Detective’s Room (the first room on the left). He then heard the door close and footsteps walking back down the hall and out through the side door.

At first he thought one of the Detectives must have been called in early but couldn’t understand why he hadn’t made his identity known. He went to the side door to see who it was but no one was there. He searched around the building but could find no trace of anyone. There was no car – nothing.

When inexperienced young Constables were rostered to the night shift for the first time their more senior colleagues would delightedly tell them of the ‘ghostly presence’ in the station.

Some believe that the ghost is a woman who died in the cells but no evidence can be found to verify this statement. The ghost appears to be friendly and just passes through the building.

Some say the ‘ghostly presence’ feels like a slight touch followed by a cold breeze and even though you can’t see anyone you can feel someone else present in the room.

Volunteers working in the Museum often hear footsteps and can find no one in the building. A female volunteer in the 1990s was spooked while on duty and has vowed never to do duty alone again.

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2.8.4 Infamous Inmate – Jockey Smith

2.8.4.1 Massive Manhunt for Edward James ‘Jockey’ Smith

On Wednesday 14th September 1977 Nowra was the centre of the biggest manhunt ever mounted for a wanted man in the history of the Shoalhaven Shire. The details were published in the Shoalhaven & Nowra News, Wednesday, 21 September 1977.55

Under cover of early morning darkness scores of detectives from Sydney heavily armed with Armalite rifles, shotguns and side arms, cordoned off the North Nowra area.

In a commando-type raid five carloads of police made their way along a dirt road through thick bush country to a farm at the top of McMahons Road. At the same time boatloads of police went up the Shoalhaven River to Humbug Reach. They scaled the cliffs near where Australia’s most wanted criminal Edward James “Jockey” Smith was hiding. But Smith, whose suspicions had been aroused that day by other incidents, was fully clothed, armed and in his car ready to come to Nowra. Smith escaped the cordon and fled into the bush.

Smith 34 was arrested later in the day after a violent struggle in a telephone box in Meroo Street, Bomaderry. Police said Smith was armed with two loaded pistols and rammed one of them, a .38 calibre, into a policeman’s stomach.

Altogether there were 75 police involved in the hunt for Smith. The Officer in Charge of Nowra Police Station Sgt. Fred Waldron, figured prominently in the search operation, which was under the control of Inspector Beresford Siddins of Nowra. Every available police officer, including parking patrolman Constable George Gronout, were called in.

The search for Smith was planned for some days before Wednesday. Sydney police had received information that Smith was with a woman and her 16-year old daughter in an isolated farmhouse in McMahons Road, North Nowra. The raid was directed by Detective Sgt. Ken Webster and Detective Brian Harding of the Sydney CIB.

Police wanted Smith for failing to answer bail of $10,000 in Sydney in October 1974, when on a charge of conspiracy to commit an armed robbery. He was arrested in Melbourne on 2nd December 1974 but on 10th December walked out of Pentridge Gaol using a visitor’s pass. He was known as a master of disguises.

2.8.4.2 Bank Holdup

Then police wanted to question him about a $180,000 bank robbery in Sydney as well as a number of other matters. The robbery was the largest bank hold-up in Australian history.

In the early hours of Wednesday morning police staked out the farmhouse in McMahons Road. They were ready to rush the house about 4am but a dog on a neighbouring farm began barking and alerted Smith’s two dogs.

At high speed Smith drove down the dirt tack from the farmhouse towards police about 500 yards away. He came to a halt about 300 yards from the police, reversed, and, in a cloud of dust drove back towards the farmhouse, hotly chased by police. Smith abandoned his late model Holden Kingswood and took to the bush on foot. Police arrested the woman occupant of the house and she was later charged in court.

2.8.4.3 Reinforcements from Nowra Police Station

Police shot one of Smith’s dogs, which had tried to savage them. While some police checked the farmhouse and took possession of an arsenal of weapons, ammunition, explosives and a police radio, the others with reinforcements from Nowra Police Station, set up road blocks and patrols along roadways and on the river.

55 The Shoalhaven & Nowra News, Wednesday, 21 September 1977

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The Commanding Officer of 723 Squadron, Lieut. Cmdr. J. Leak, and Lieut. B. Condon took turns during the day flying their helicopters over the search area. The search spread from the North Nowra area when it was believed likely Smith had eluded the police cordon.

2.8.4.4 Rode Bike

Throughout the day the search had veered back and forth along the McMahons Road area and finally ended at Bomaderry late in the afternoon when Smith tried his last bid for freedom on a stolen bicycle. He had been tracked to Bomaderry shopping area after a suspicious woman driver reported a man had offered to pay her for a lift into town. During the day, radio stations broadcast up-to-date news of the hunt and warnings to local residents that Smith was armed and not to approach him. Women were advised to stay at home behind locked doors with their children.

2.8.4.5 Charged

During a short appearance at Nowra Court of Petty Sessions Smith was charged that:

• On 21st January 1976 he shot, with intent to murder, Constable Jeremiah Ambrose at Kensington • On the same day he discharged a loaded firearm with intent to prevent his lawful apprehension at Kensington • On 7th September 1977 while armed with a .38 calibre Smith and Wesson revolver, he assaulted Daniel Taylor and others and robbed him of $180,000 from the CBA Bank at South Hurstville • On 14th September 1977 at North Nowra he did knowingly have in his possession gelignite, detonators and fuses. He had in his possession eight pistols, one sawn-off shotgun, one sawn-off .38 calibre rifle and one Sten sub-machine gun, while not being the holder of a pistol licence. • On the same day assaulting Dennis Martin Gilligan at Bomaderry, carrying two pistols and a .25 calibre Colt automatic while not being the holder of a pistol licence. • On the same day offering a $2000 bribe to Brian Robert Harding a member of the Police Force, to induce him to neglect his duty • On the same day attempting to discharge a loaded .38 calibre revolver at Robert Godden with intent to prevent his lawful apprehension at Bomaderry.

Mr John Shoebridge, JP, reprimanded Smith in custody to appear to Central Court of Petty Sessions on September 23rd and ordered that he should be taken to Long Bay Gaol as soon as the court rose.

2.9 Historical Plunkett Street Precinct

Plunkett Street is one of the oldest areas of Nowra and contains a church, school, domestic residences and government buildings which reflect the development of Nowra following the disastrous floods of 1870 which destroyed the villages along the riverbank and forced the residents to move to higher ground at Nowra.

The Museum was the last building to be erected in the Plunkett Street precinct of public buildings. The first was a Court & Watch House, built in 1861, to serve the then new township of Nowra and its surrounding districts.

The building is still used, but has had many alterations and uses; Police Sergeant’s Residence, private residence and is now the offices of Solicitors Marriott & Oliver.

In 1895 a new and much larger Court House was built, and five years later, in 1900 a new Lock up with Constable’s Residence was erected on the eastern side of the new Court House.

On the western side of the first Court & Watch House, the Education Department had built a National School in 1862 and few years later, a Teacher’s Residence. However, this building was

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not suitable, and in 1891 a permanent Teacher’s Residence was built between the school and the original Court House.

On the western side of Berry Street, just opposite the school, the Church of England had been active. In 1878 they built a Rectory for the Rector, and two years later a small church building known as St John’s, for the Nowra congregation – their main church at that time was at nearby Terara.

In 1900 the need for a larger building was realised, and a new red brick church was constructed to accommodate the growing number of worshippers. The new church was named ‘All Saints Church of England’. The building known as St John’s then became the church hall.

A range of housing types, which include Victorian and early twentieth century designs, which reflect the history and development of the town, compliments these Government and Church buildings.

2.10 Bibliography

Antill R G Settlement in the South, Weston & Co., Kiama, 1982

Bayley William A Kangaroo Valley, New South Wales, Kangaroo Valley Historical Society, 1953

Florance Robyn Stage 1 of a Conservation Management Plan – prepared for Associate Diploma in Local and Applied History, University of New England, Armidale, April 1993 – unpublished

Florance Robyn 100 Years – The Nowra Lock-Up 1901-2001, Shoalhaven Historical Society, Nowra, 2001

Golder Hilary A High & Responsible Office – A History of the NSW Magistracy, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1991

Green Annette Kangaroo Valley Township Study on behalf Shoalhaven City Council, February 1991 – unpublished

Heslin A & Watt S Visions Accomplished, NSW Ambulance Publishing, Nowra, 1992

McAndrew Alex Memoirs of Mollymook, Milton & Ulladulla, The Author, Epping, 1989

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3.0 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

The physical evidence of the subject site was investigated through non-intrusive observation of the fabric.

3.1 Streetscape

The subject site is located on the corner of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets, a busy intersection in Nowra. The Nowra Police Station and Court House are located to the rear of the subject building. Marriott Park is located opposite the subject site on Kinghorne Street. The All Saints Anglican Church and Public School are also located along Plunkett Street.

Figure No.3: Intersection of Kinghorne and Plunkett Streets, Nowra.

Figure No.4: Figure No.5: Kinghorne Street, Nowra. Plunkett Street, Nowra.

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Figure No.6: Recent Police Station to the rear of the subject building.

Figure No.7: Courtyard and Court House to the rear of the subject building.

3.2 Subject Site

The subject site consists of a square-shaped block of land on the corner of Kinghorne and Plunkett Streets, Nowra. The site contains the Former Police Residence and Lock-up, now the Nowra Museum.

The site is also within the Plunkett Street Precinct. This precinct is described as “The judicial, educational and Anglican centre of Nowra”.

The plantings to the north, east and west of the subject building include a frangipani (Plumeria rubra acutifolia), cabbage tree palms (Livistona australis), bird of paradise (Strelitzia sp.), azalea (Rhododendron sp.), Camellia (Camellia japonica), agapanthus (Agapanthus sp.), lavender (Lavandula dentate), and a number of other shrubs. Many of the plantings appear to be of fairly recent origins.

Much of the area to the rear of the subject building is taken up with oaved areas forming the courtyard between the subject building, the Nowra Police Station and the Nowra Court House. Plantings in these areas are mostly made up of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp), Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), and other shrubs.

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3.3 Subject Building Exterior

The Former Police Residence and Lock-up is a Federation Bungalow style public building. The building is constructed of brick with a sandstone course at floor level and above the windows and doors, and a terracotta string course below window level.

The building is roofed with terracotta tiles with decorative tiles along the ridgeline, and moulded brick chimneys with terracotta pots. The small vents above the top sandstone course are covered with decorative metal hoods.

The building has a projecting gable to the front (north) elevation, and gables to the eastern and western elevations. The gables have timber bargeboards, and timber louvred vents.

The projecting gable on the front elevation contains casement windows whilst the remainder of the building has double hung windows. An aluminium framed glass panel is situated in the front wall adjoining the verandah.

Sandstone steps lead up to the front verandah located to the east of the projecting gable. The verandah has brick posts with sandstone capping.

Sandstone steps also lead up to a side entrance on the eastern elevation of the building. The area above the doorway has decorative brickwork.

The rear of the building was partially demolished in 1979, including the cell block and part of the exercise yard. The walls of the exercise yard were rebuilt and roofed.

Figure No.8: Front elevation of the Former Police Residence and Lock-up.

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Figure No.9: Figure No.10: Steps to front verandah. Front door to the subject building.

Figure No.11: Figure No.12: East elevation of the subject building. Detail over side entrance on eastern elevation.

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Figure No.13: Figure No.14: Detail of sandstone course and terracotta Western elevation of the subject building. stringcourse.

Figure No.15: Rear and western elevations of the subject building.

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S12

S11 S10

S9 S7 S8 S4

S2 S6

S5 S1

Not to scale NÈ

Figure No.16: Subject building. Tropman & Tropman Architects 37 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

3.4 Subject Building Interior

The interior of the subject building consists of a verandah (S1), hallway (S2), former sitting room (S3), former dining room (S4), bedroom 1 (S5), bedroom 2 (S6), kitchen (S7), toilet (S8), portico (S9), former rear courtyard verandah (main display area) (S10), former exercise yard (S11), and former cells, kitchen and charge room remains (S12). Refer to Figure No.16.

The verandah (S1) has a concrete floor and has a tiled skillion roof (with exposed rafter ends) which is supported by brick piers with sandstone capping. The verandah has a timber panel ceiling. A fixed glass panel is located on the north wall of the building, replacing French doors that were originally located here. A timber door with highlight and sidelight windows leads into the hallway. Figure No.17: North wall of verandah.

The hallway (S2) has a timber board floor, painted plaster walls and high ceilings. Evidence of a dado mould is visible along the walls, as are the former existence of high skirting boards. A picture rail runs along the eastern and western walls. The doorway at the southern end of the hall has a fanlight and is missing the door leaf. This was originally an external wall which led out onto a central courtyard verandah around which the cells, kitchen and exercise yard sat. Timber doors with highlights lead into each of the four rooms off the hallway.

Figure No.18: Figure No.19: Hallway looking south. Hall looking north.

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Figure No.20: Figure No.21: Front door detail. Detail of inside lock on front door.

The former sitting room’s (S3) floor is covered with timber boards. A fireplace is located in the centre of the southern wall. Arched recess panels sit either side of the fireplace. Picture rails run around the walls of the room. A fixed glass panel sits in the northern wall, replacing French doors that were originally located in this position. From the 1950s, this room was used as an office and contained a dock in the north-west corner.

Figure No.22: Figure No.23: Former sitting room with fireplace and Former sitting room general. arched recess.

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The former dining room’s (S4) floor is covered with timber boards. A fireplace is located in the centre of the northern wall. Arched recess panels sit either side of the fireplace. Picture rails run around the walls of the room. A timber door leads out onto the landing of the side entrance on the eastern elevation. From the 1950s this was used as the Traffic Room.

Figure No.24: Figure No.25: General view of former dining room. Door to side porch.

Bedroom one’s (S5) floor is covered with timber boards. A fireplace is located in the centre of the southern wall. Arched recess panels sit either side of the fireplace. Picture rails run around the walls of the room. From the 1950s this was used as the Sergeant’s office.

Figure No.26: Former bedroom, general view.

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Bedroom two’s (S6) floor is covered with timber boards. A fireplace is located in the centre of the northern wall. Arched recess panels sit either side of the fireplace. Picture rails run around the walls of the room. From the 1950s this was used as the Detective’s office.

Figure No.27: Figure No.28: Former bedroom 2. Fireplace in former bedroom 2.

The kitchen (S7) and toilet (S8) floors have been tiled. These spaces were originally two separate rooms that were accessed from the rear central courtyard. The kitchen was originally a store, and the toilet a bathroom. An opening has been cut into the joining wall to allow access to the existing toilet from the hallway. The doorways to the rear central courtyard have been converted to windows.

Figure No.29: Figure No.30: General view of existing kitchen. Existing toilet.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 41 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

The portico (S9) was not inspected during this project. Access to the portico has been blocked from the inside. This area has always been an important entrance into the house and should be reopened or at the very least made interpretable as an entrance from the inside (Refer Section 7.3.6).

The former rear courtyard verandah, now the main display area, (S10) has a tiled floor. An original metal door leads to the former exercise yard. Timber framed glass doors are located on the western wall. This space was originally the rear courtyard to the residence and led to the kitchen, store room and bathroom. This space was also used as the laundry with a copper located in the south-eastern corner. It would also have been the only way to take prisoner’s into their cells. They would have been led from the charge room adjacent the former kitchen, through the courtyard and exercise yard and then into their cells. From the 1950s two store rooms were located in this space. During the 1970s renovations, the room was enclosed and now has an arched corrugated metal ceiling.

The former exercise yard (S11) has a tiled floor. The southern wall and part of the eastern and western walls were demolished in the 1970s renovations, and then reconstructed. The exercise yard originally had a metal bar ceiling but now has an arched corrugated metal ceiling with remnants of the original ceiling visible. Windows have been constructed in the southern wall in place of the cell doors which have been half-enclosed due to water entering the building through these spaces. Arched recesses are located in the eastern wall of the former exercise yard which housed a basin and a urinal.

Figure No.31: Figure No.32: Former rear courtyard, now the main display Former exercise yard looking east. room of the Nowra Museum.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 42 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

The area to the rear of the subject building housed the cells, kitchen and charge room (S12) for the station. From the 1950s, the kitchen was converted to a meals room, and the charge room converted to a cell for women. These rear cells and rooms were demolished in the 1970s renovations. All that remains are the footings of the rooms, which have been built up and enclosed by with a timber fence. The fence is now quite dilapidated and unsafe.

Addendum March 2004: During the course of this project and subsequent to our initial site inspection in December 2003, we were requested in January 2004 to provide Council with an immediate fencing solution to the rear of the subject building due to the unsafe nature of the existing fence. Because of the former use of this area of the subject building as prison cells, we suggested a high metal palisade fence. The fence itself could then be an interpretive device in that, when standing in this area, it invokes a feeling of being “behind bars”. We also suggested that, rather than fixing the fence on top of the recent brick and concrete floor, it should be fixed on the side to show the former floor level. This fence has since been erected (February 2004) in place of the timber fence. It has been fixed to the top, rather than the side, of the brick and concrete floor due to vandalism concerns. (Refer to 8.1.3 and Appendix G).

Figure No.33: Rear area showing former location of cells (3 no), kitchen and charge room prior to demolition in the 1970s.

Figure No.34: Detail of base footings of cell block that has had a brick and concrete layer added to the original.

Please refer to Appendix B for a photographic survey of the subject building.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 43 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

4.0 ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTARY AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

4.1 Analysis of Documentary Evidence

A large amount of documentary evidence has been found during the course of this project. Much of the history of the place has previously been well documented and has been a great resource.

The site was originally known as the “Police Paddock” where the local policemen of the Court & Watch House (completed 1861) kept their horses.

Plans were drawn up for a new Police Residence & Lock-up in 1899 by Walter Liberty Vernon. The building was completed in 1901. The site proposed for the building had originally been police property (part of the paddocks associated with the Court & Watch House as stated above) but was reclaimed for the location of the Mechanic’s Institute that was built in 1878 but later abandoned in 1891 due to lack of patronage, being too far from the centre of town. It was then used as a stable (1891-1900) by the police and then demolished to make way for the present building.

Oral history and progressive plans of the building show its evolution from “residence and lock- up” to fully functioning police station. The 1899 Walter Liberty Vernon plan (Figure No.35) shows the location of the storeroom, bathroom, laundry, kitchen and charge room around the rear courtyard. A 1958 plan (Figure No.36) shows the insertion of a dock in the former sitting room and its conversion to an office. The other residential rooms are also shown as offices by this time. The store room and bathroom to the rear are shown as toilets and showers, store rooms are inserted in the rear courtyard in place of the laundry, the kitchen is shown as a meal room and the charge room as a women’s cell.

Early photographs (1900s) of the site show it was bounded by a picket fence. Other photographs document the changes to the subject building, including the enclosure of the verandah and portico addition to the western side. Refer Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation.

Documentary evidence also tells of plans to demolish the building when the new police station was built and of the long battle to save the building and use it to house the Nowra Museum. The decision was finally made to keep the building, however this unfortunately included partial demolition of the building (i.e. the rear section including the cells, charge room, meal room and exercise yard). As a result, the building has lost some of its integrity.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 44 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.35: Enlargement of the floor plan of the subject building from the 1899 Vernon plan. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.6) Tropman & Tropman Architects 45 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.36: 1958 plan of the building. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.10) Tropman & Tropman Architects 46 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

4.2 Analysis of Physical Evidence

Despite the many changes to the building and its partial loss of integrity and intactness due to is partial demolition in the 1970s, confirmation of much of the documentary evidence is still possible.

The front section of the subject building has not been dramatically altered since its construction in 1901. The rear of the subject building has had a number of changes including the partial demolition of the exercise yard and demolition of the cells, former kitchen, laundry area and charge room, and alterations to the area presently housing the kitchen and toilet. Alterations affecting the verandah have been reversed.

The infill bricks used to reconstruct the demolished exercise yard are very similar in colour to the original brickwork. It was only after careful inspection of this brickwork in this section that a jagged line along which the walls were demolished and then reconstructed was discernable. Hence the infill bricks are not suitable and do not allow a clear comparison between the old and new sections or interpretation of the changes made to the building (refer Section 7.3.15 & 7.3.17).

Figure No.37: Detail of join between old and recent brickwork where the building was demolished.

Recent brickwork

Original brickwork

Remnants of the bars that roofed the exercise yard are still in place and aid in the interpretation of the former use of the area. The new corrugated metal arched roof is appropriate and aids in the interpretation of the curved bar “ceiling” enclosing the yard. The tiled roof to the remainder of the building is appropriate and should remain as it has always been tiled.

The heavy metal entrance door with slide bolt into the yard from the former courtyard is still extant. The doors to the individual cells would have been similar to this door. The floor of the exercise yard has been tiled. The floor would possibly have had a stone flag floor and later a concrete floor. A tiled floor in this location is not appropriate in interpreting the former use of the space. (Refer 7.3.13.)

Tropman & Tropman Architects 47 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.38: Remnant bar ceiling fixings.

Remnant fixings.

Footings remain at the rear of the building where the cells, former kitchen and charge room stood. No other physical evidence remains of their existence. The floor level here has been raised and the area enclosed with a timber fence which is now dilapidated. The main display area was constructed over the rear courtyard area that housed the washtubs and copper for the laundry. These were demolished during earlier renovations to the place. No other physical evidence was apparent in these locations.

Figure No.39: Location of former charge room, later the women’s cell.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 48 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.40: Changes in floor level.

Built up floor level

Original floor level

Fixing holes are still evident in the brick columns and floor of the verandah, supporting the documentary evidence that the verandah was enclosed from the 1950s. The brick work surrounding the fixed glass panel on the southern wall of the verandah supports the documentary evidence of French doors once being in this location.

Evidence of the former openings in the southern wall of the existing kitchen and toilet area also supports the documentary evidence that these spaces were entered from this side, rather than from within the building, as present.

No physical evidence of early fencing remains on the site.

Figure No.41: Remaining evidence of the enclosure of the verandah.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 49 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.42: Full length glass window in former location of French doors.

Figure No.43: Changes to opening between kitchen and toilet.

Figure No.44: Changes to openings in kitchen space.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 50 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.45: Join between original building and new (1990s) section (main display area).

Tropman & Tropman Architects 51 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

4.3 Comparative Analysis

The former Police Residence and Lock-up at Nowra is a good representative example of a building of its type in the Shoalhaven area. Many such buildings were constructed in the Shoalhaven area from the 1890s to the 1910s to provide a visual presence of the law, and order, to the community (e.g. the Courthouse, other police residences, the Post Office, etc). As with other such buildings, due to the increasing population (and therefore crime rate) and the increasing size of the police force, the former Police Residence & Lock-up at Nowra was given over wholly to the function of a police station in the 1950s, removing the residential use by the officer in charge and his family. Due to the construction of larger, purpose-built police stations, many of these early stations no longer serve their original purpose or have been demolished (as was almost the fate of the subject building). The Nowra Lock-up could possibly have been the last building to cease operations as a police station (1970s) in the Shoalhaven area. (Refer Section 2.7 of this report for descriptions of other Police Stations in the area).

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5.0 ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

5.1 NSW Heritage Assessment Criteria

This assessment of cultural significance for the Former Police Residence and Lock-up has been based on the following criteria and guidelines contained in the NSW Heritage Manual produced by the NSW Heritage Office and NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning.

State significance means significance to the people of NSW.

Local significance means significance within the local government area.

An item will be considered to be of state (or local) heritage significance if, in the opinion of the Heritage Council of NSW, it meets one or more of the following criteria.

Criterion (a) - an item is important in the course, or pattern, of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural and natural history of the local area);

Criterion (b) - an items has strong or special association with the life or works of a person, or group of persons, of importance in NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural and natural history of the local area);

Criterion (c) - an item is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in NSW (or the local area);

Criterion (d) - an item has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in NSW (or the local area) for social, cultural or spiritual reasons;

Criterion (e) - an item has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area);

Criterion (f) - an item possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of NSW’s cultural or natural history (or the cultural or natural history of the local area);

Criterion (g) - an item is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of NSW’s • cultural or natural places; or • cultural or natural environments. (or a class of the local area’s • cultural or natural places; or • cultural or natural environments.)

An item is not to be excluded from the Register on the ground that items with similar characteristics have already been listed on the Register

Tropman & Tropman Architects 54 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

5.2 Statement of heritage significance

The Nowra Former Police Residence and Lock-up has historical, social, aesthetic and technical significance at a local level in the Shoalhaven area for the following reasons:

Statement Criterion

5.2.1 The subject building was used continuously as a police station and residence a, b, d, since its time of construction in 1901 until the 1950s. It was then used solely e, f as a police station until the 1970s.

5.2.2 The subject building has been used as a police station continuously for over a, b, d, 75 years. The subject site has continuously been used by police (first as e paddocks, then stables and finally to house the Lock-up) and as a public area (Mechanic’s Institute and now the Nowra Museum) since 1860.

5.2.3 The subject site was designed by government architect, Walter Liberty a, b Vernon.

5.2.4 The site forms an important component of the judicial precinct in Plunkett and a, d, e Kinghorne Streets.

5.2.5 The building is a good example of a Federation Bungalow style public a, c building.

5.2.6 The subject building is a good representative example of a purpose-built a, c police residence and lock-up for the turn of the century in a country town.

5.2.7 The subject site is demonstrative of importance of police presence in the area a, e from early times.

5.2.8 The subject site is demonstrative of the evolution and growing number of a, e police, with recent police station behind the subject building.

5.3 Nature of significance

5.3.1 Historical Significance

The subject site has historical significance for its long association with law and order in the judicial precinct of Nowra. The site was used by police for over 100 years.

The site was first used by police as paddocks for their horses from 1861 to 1877. The land was then taken to construct a Mechanic’s Institute which stood on the site from 1878 to 1891. The building was then abandoned and used by the police as their stable from 1891 to 1900 when the present residence and lock-up was constructed. The building was used as such from 1901 to 1953 when it became a fully fledged police station, converting the residential spaces to offices. It maintained this use from 1953 until 1977 when the police were moved into the new building located to the rear of the subject building. The subject building was then returned to public use in 1980 when the Nowra Museum took possession of the building.

The Former Police Residence & Lock-up at Nowra is demonstrative of the changing needs of the police force in Nowra, originally being housed within the Watch House and Lock-up, and then being housed in a purpose built building adjacent to the new Court House.

The Nowra Former Police Residence & Lock-up was designed by the prominent Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 55 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

5.3.2 Aesthetic Significance

The Nowra former Police Residence and Lock-up is a good representative example of a purpose-built Federation Bungalow style public building. The building retains fair integrity and intactness, due to its partial demolition.

5.3.3 Social Significance

The subject site has social significance for its association with law and order and the local area for over 100 years. It also has social significance as the site of the Mechanic’s Institute from 1878 to 1891, and as the Nowra Museum from 1980 to the present.

5.3.4 Technical/Research Significance

The Nowra Former Police Residence and Lock-up is illustrative of representative construction techniques from the Federation Period for a public building.

5.4 Items of significance

5.4.1 Following are individual elements located on the subject site which are considered to be of heritage significance: • Former Police Residence and Lock-up • Cabbage-Tree Palms (Livistona australis) • Footings of cell block • Association with Court House and recent Police Station to the rear

5.4.2 Following are individual elements of the subject building which are considered to be of heritage significance: • Structure generally; • Roof structure generally (including, but not limited to, tiles and finials); • Windows; • Doors; • Timber joinery generally; • Fireplaces; • Remnants of roofing over former exercise yard; • Urinal and basin in former exercise yard; • Sandstone blocks and coursing; • Moulded terracotta coursing; • Rain heads; • Steps – front and side; • Decorative vent hoods; • Vents – terracotta; • External Police Station signage; • Potential archaeology – e.g. in the vicinity of the former stables.

5.5 Heritage Assessment Matrix

Value Representative Rare Historical Local Local Aesthetic Local Local Social Local Technical/Research Local

Tropman & Tropman Architects 56 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

5.6 Grading of Significance

Considering the physical and documentary evidence gathered, the Statement of Significance and various constraints, requirements and opportunities, the grading of significance is possible.

This grading of significance has been based on the NSW Heritage Manual provided by the NSW Heritage Office and NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning.

Exceptional significance (Fulfils criteria for local or State listing) Rare or outstanding item of local or State significance. High degree of intactness. Item can be interpreted relatively easily.

High significance (Fulfils criteria for local or State listing) High degree of original fabric. Demonstrates a key element of the item’s significance. Alterations do not detract from significance.

Moderate significance (Fulfils criteria for local or State listing) Altered or modified elements. Elements with little heritage value, but which contribute to the overall significance of the item.

Little significance (Does not fulfil criteria for local or State listing) Alterations detract from significance. Difficult to interpret.

Intrusive (Does not fulfils criteria for local or State listing) Damaging to the item’s heritage significance.

5.6.1 Subject Site

The zones of significance are indicated on the site plan and are rated according to intactness from the highest level, one (1), down to the lowest, five (5).

• Exceptional Significance (Category 1) • High Significance (Category 2) • Moderate Significance (Category 3) • Little Significance (Category 4 ) • Intrusive (Category 5)

Tropman & Tropman Architects 57 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Nowra Police Station

Nowra Police Station intrusive to the Former Police Residence & Lock-up – 5

Open space surrounding the former Nowra Court House Police Residence & Lock-up – 2-3

2 Relationship to Nowra Court House – 2

Kinghorne Street Street Kinghorne Former Police Residence & Lock-up – 2

Prominent corner location – 2

Relationship to Plunkett Street – 2

Plunkett Street

Legend 1 Exceptional Significance 2 High Significance 3 Moderate Significance 4 Little Significance 5 Intrusive S Significant NS No Significance

Not to scale NÈ

Figure No.46: Levels of Significance – Subject Site Tropman & Tropman Architects 58 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Legend (Figure No.47)

Significance Rating 1 Exceptional Significance 2 High Significance 3 Moderate Significance 4 Little Significance 5 Intrusive S Significant NS No Significance

Landscape Az Azalea (Rhododendron sp.) Bi. Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia sp.) Ca. Cabbage-Tree Palm (Livistona australis) Cm. Camellia (Camellia japonica) Eu. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp) Fr. Frangipani (Plumeria rubra acutifolia) Ja. Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia)

Tropman & Tropman Architects 59 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Nowra Court Court House Nowra NS NS NS : : Eu. NS : Eu. NS : : Eu. NS Eu. NS Eu. NS : : : : Eu. NS Eu. NS Eu. NS Eu. NS : : : : Eu. NS Eu. NS Eu. NS Ja. NS

: : Eu. NS Plunkett Street Eu. NS NS NS : Nowra Police Station Police Nowra Eu. NS NS : NS Ja. 2 .: Ca S Former Police : Bi. NS Residence & Lock-up Residence : : Az. NS Fr. NS : Cm NS .: Ca S NS NS

Kinghorne Street Not to scale NÆ

Figure No.47: Levels of Significance – Subject Site Landscape Elements. (Refer page 56 for Legend). Tropman & Tropman Architects 60 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

5.6.2 Subject Building

The zones of significance are indicated on the floor plan and are rated according to intactness from the highest level, one (1) down to the lowest, five (5).

Because of the limited nature of this assessment, this grading of significance is only an approximate based on the following considerations.

(i) Period of Construction (ii) Architectural and historical quality (iii) Architectural integrity (iv) Interpretive ability

• Exceptional Significance (Category 1) • High Significance (Category 2) • Moderate Significance (Category 3) • Little Significance (Category 4 ) • Intrusive (Category 5)

Tropman & Tropman Architects 61 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

2 4

2 3 3 2

2 2

Generally: Fireplaces – 2 2 Urinal & Basin in exercise yard – 1

2 2

Legend 1 Exceptional Significance 2 High Significance 3 Moderate Significance 4 Little Significance 5 Intrusive S Significant NS No Significance

Not to scale NÈ

Figure No.48: Levels of Significance – Subject Building Tropman & Tropman Architects 62 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

5.7 Definition of curtilage

5.7.1 Immediate Curtilage

An analysis of the documentary and physical evidence has determined that the 1900s boundaries of the subject site form an appropriate curtilage for the subject building and other items of significance located on the site. Various elements have, however, impacted on this curtilage.

The area of the subject site has recently been reduced, most likely in the 1970s, with the construction of the Nowra Police Station to the rear (south) of the subject building. The Nowra Police Station building itself encroaches on the immediate curtilage of the subject building, as does the hard landscaping to the court yard area to the rear of the subject building. However, the intrusiveness of the Nowra Police Station has been somewhat mitigated; due to the positioning of the Station and the landscaping to the site, the building is not immediately visible from the street (refer Figure No.8).

The Nowra Court House (to the west of the subject building) has been well screened by landscaping. A proposal has been put forward for an extension to the Court House, linking it with the Police Station. If such a structure is to be built here, it should be appropriately screened from the subject building to minimise its impact.

Proposed extension to the Nowra Court Nowra Police Station House

Nowra Court House Former Police Residence & Lock-up

1900s boundary Kinghorne Street Street Kinghorne (intermediate curtilage)

1970s boundary (immediate curtilage)

Plunkett Street Not to scale NÈ

Figure No.49: Immediate and intermediate curtilage of the Former Police Residence & Lock-up.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 63 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

5.7.2 Extended Curtilage

The Former Police Residence and Lock-up is located within the Plunkett Street Conservation Area. This area is described as a collection of fine nineteenth century Victorian and Federation Public and Religious buildings on Plunkett Street, one of the oldest areas in Nowra, in the inventory sheet (SHI Number 2390754). The statement of significance for the area is as follows:

Historic grouping of church, school, domestic residences and government buildings which retain their historic and aesthetic cohesion and reflects the ascendency of Nowra following the disastrous floods of 1870 which destroyed much of Terara. The area is an important focus for the town with historic, aesthetic and social value. Individual elements are listed on the Register of the National Estate and by the National Trust.

This conservation area, with an alteration to include the recent Police Station (once part of the police paddocks), forms an appropriate extended curtilage for the subject site.

Figure No.50: Extended curtilage of the subject site.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 64 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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6.0 CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES

This section outlines the main constraints and opportunities which need to be addressed in the conservation management policy for the subject site and building.

6.1 Physical constraints and requirements arising from the statement of significance

6.1.1 No activity should be allowed that will confuse the fact that the former Police Residence and Lock-up, Nowra constitutes an important component of the cultural development of the Nowra and Shoalhaven area.

6.1.2 The subject site’s early planning, detailing and design features that identify it as a Police Residence & Lock-up and a Police Station should be conserved. This includes but is not limited to walls, roof, windows, doors, signage etc.

6.1.3 The subject building should be conserved as an example of a purpose built Federation style public building. No additions or alterations should be allowed which compromise this significance.

6.1.4 Significant fabric should be retained in-situ and conserved. Fabric may be removed to reveal fabric which is identified to be more significant however a sample should be retained in-situ for interpretation purposes.

6.1.5 Associated items of significance should be retained in-situ and conserved. This includes but is not limited to the original metal exercise yard door.

6.1.6 No activity should take place which could destroy a potential archaeological resource. This applies to the areas below and in the vicinity of the subject site to the rear (south) of the subject building.

6.1.7 Any new building, services, landscaping or activities on the site or in the vicinity of the site should have regard to the setting and design of the property and to the scale, style and character of adjacent development.

6.2 Procedural requirements (conservation methodology)

Since the subject site is of cultural significance, any work at the site or in the vicinity of the site should be done in accordance with the principles of the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter. In particular the following procedural requirements (conservation methodology) should be noted.

Burra Charter

Article 3- Conservation work should be based on a respect for existing fabric. It should not distort the evidence provided by the fabric. Article 13- Restoration is appropriate only if there is sufficient evidence of an earlier state of the fabric and only if returning the fabric reveals the cultural significance of the place. Article 15- Restoration is limited to the reassembling of displaced components or removal of accretions in accordance with Article 16. Article 16- Contributions of all periods must be respected. Article 20- Adaptation is acceptable where the conservation of the site cannot otherwise be achieved, and where adaptation does not substantially detract from its cultural significance. Article 23- Existing fabric should be recorded before any disturbance. Article 24- Study of the site by any disturbance of the fabric or by archaeological excavation should be undertaken where necessary to provide data essential for decisions on the conservation of the place.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 66 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

6.3 Constraints and requirements arising from the physical and documentary evidence

It is reasonable to assume that more evidence, both physical and documentary may come to light as a result of further research or during the implementation of major conservation works at the site. This may include information on early decorative schemes, archaeological information, or further evidence revealed, for example, by intervention to the fabric or from other resources. This new information should be taken into account when making any decisions regarding the future of the item.

6.4 Constraints and requirements arising from the physical condition

6.4.1 Generally

Generally, the subject building retains sufficient of its fabric to allow interpretation of its early configuration. Many early design features remain in place.

6.4.2 Structural Stability

The general condition of the subject building appears to be sound. It should be noted that a detailed structural engineers study has not been prepared in conjunction with this study. Regular monitoring and repair of damaged structures as necessary is essential.

6.4.3 Water Damage

Water damage is not evident in the subject building.

6.4.4 Pest Infestation

No evidence of pest infestation has been able to be detected. It should be noted that a detailed pest infestation study has not been prepared in conjunction with this study.

6.4.5 Pedestrian Access

Pedestrian access to the site is currently available from Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets, as well as the courtyard behind the subject site.

6.4.6 Vehicle Access, Car Parking And Delivery

Vehicle and delivery access and car parking are currently available in Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets.

6.4.7 Access and Mobility

There is an accessible entry to the subject building via the recent addition to the rear of the subject building.

6.5 External constraints

6.5.1 Statutory Heritage Constraints

Approval from the following authorities is required before major changes are made to the items included in their heritage registers.

6.5.1.1 NSW Heritage Council The subject site is listed on the State Heritage Inventory.

6.5.1.2 Shoalhaven City Council The subject site is listed in the Shoalhaven City Council draft Heritage Local Environment Plan.

6.5.1.3 Department of Urban Affairs and Planning The subject site is listed in the Illawarra Regional Environmental Plan.

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6.5.2 Non-Statutory Heritage Constraints

The following are non-statutory lists with no legally binding requirements. However, a listing on these registers is generally regarded as being an authoritative statement about the heritage significance of an item.

6.5.2.1 Australian Heritage Commission The subject site is listed on the Register of the National Estate.

6.5.2.2 National Trust of Australia (NSW) The subject site is not listed on the National Trust Heritage Register.

6.6 Constraints arising out of ownership and use

6.6.1 Ownership

The Former Police Residence and Lock-up is owned by the State of New South Wales (Crown Reserve R97921 for Museum). Shoalhaven City Council is the appointed Manager of the Reserve Trust. The subject site has an area of 1,114m² and is zoned 5(a) Special Uses – Police under the Shoalhaven Local Environment Plan 1985. The objectives of the zone are to: identify land for certain community facilities and services including areas for off-street parking in private ownership.

6.6.2 Uses

The subject building was constructed (1901) as a Police Residence and Lock-up. The building was used for this purpose from its time of construction until 1953 when its primary use became that of a Police Station, rather than a residence and lock-up. This use continued until the late 1970s when the new Police Station was constructed to the rear of the subject building. The building was handed over to the Shoalhaven Historical Society in 1980 to house their Museum.

The main use of the building since 1980 is as the Nowra Museum. Much of the building is taken up with the museum displays. The former exercise yard is used as a research area. The most recent addition (the main entrance) houses some displays, but is also utilised for general and committee meetings of the Shoalhaven Historical Society, and The Friends of Graham Lodge meet in this room regularly. The Society also host visits by community and school groups, touring parties and University of the 3rd Age (U3A) gatherings on a periodic basis.

6.7 Opportunities and options for future use

The feasibility of these options should be investigated with close reference to the constraints and requirements of this Conservation Plan and the conservation policies contained in Section 7.0 of this report.

6.7.1 Generally

Generally, any use of the subject site should support or interpret the former use of the subject site and building as a Police Residence & Lock-up and a Police Station.

6.7.2 Continue Existing Use

The existing use of the subject site as the Nowra Museum run by the Shoalhaven Historical Society is appropriate and should continue.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 68 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

6.7.3 Opportunities

6.7.3.1 The opportunity exists to reconstruct or conjecturally reconstruct the cell block to the rear of the subject building. This new structure should interpret the size and location of the former cells.

6.7.3.2 The opportunity exists to upgrade the facilities within the building. These facilities could possibly be located in part of the reconstructed or conjecturally reconstructed cell block.

6.7.3.3 The opportunity exists to provide further storage space for the museum. This could also possibly be housed in the reconstructed or conjecturally reconstructed cell block.

6.7.3.4 The opportunity exists to install an appropriate garden landscape to complement the subject building. This would better present the curtilage of the building and enhance its significance, as well as allow for clearer interpretation and improved amenity of the building.

6.7.3.5 The opportunity exists to appoint the Shoalhaven Historical Society as the Trust Manager.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 69 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

7.0 CONSERVATION POLICY

The following conservation policies arise out of the statement of significance, the physical condition and other constraints (Refer Section 3.0, 5.0 and 6.0). An approach should be chosen for the subject site that allows as many as possible of these conservation policies to be implemented to ensure appropriate future management that will retain and enhance significant fabric and allow clear interpretation of the significance of the site.

The purpose of this policy is to determine how the subject site should be managed in terms of future development, use and maintenance in order to retain the cultural significance of the place, the objective being to retain and incorporate significant elements of the place within the framework of a viable appropriate future use for the site.

The implementation of this policy will allow the clear interpretation of the significance of the site and the most appropriate way of caring for the significant fabric.

The policies intend to: • retain and enhance the cultural significance of the place; • ensure the retention of significant fabric, planning approach and landscape setting of the site; • allow adaptation, alterations and new works which are consistent with the cultural significance of the place and which promote a viable appropriate use of the site; • define guidelines for new development within the curtilage of the site; • indicate an approach to the future management and maintenance of the site, by qualified persons.

7.1 Conservation procedures at the site

7.1.1 Burra Charter Conservation Methodology

Generally, treat the site as being of cultural heritage significance, and consequently guide works and activities at the site by the provisions of the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter.

7.1.2 Management of the Site

Manage the site in a way which allows the maximum of this policy to be implemented and followed. The policies outlined in this document should be adopted as the guide to future planning and work at the site.

7.1.3 Conservation Team

Personnel skilled in disciplines of conservation practice, including professionals, skilled building and engineering trades, etc should be engaged as appropriate to advise or implement conservation works at the site. Personnel involved in the documentation and implementation of works at the site should be recorded for future reference.

7.1.4 Systematic Record

Carry out, catalogue and archive systematic surveys of the site, before, during and after any works in accordance with NSW Heritage Office and NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning Guidelines. Any new information that comes to light during and after works at the site shall be recorded in a report, a copy of which shall be held at the archive of the site.

7.1.5 Archive of the Site

Assemble, catalogue and make readily available for public inspection, copies of all known historical drawings, pictorial documents and written records relating to the site in a permanent archive of the site.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 70 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

7.1.6 Review this Conservation Management Plan

This Conservation Management Plan should be revised after major works have been carried out at the site and otherwise at regular intervals, firstly five (5) years from its adoption.

7.1.7 Documentation of Conservation Works

Any proposed works to heritage items shall be documented in a way that allows scrutiny by others before they are executed and can be retained for posterity. The documentary or physical evidence upon which conservation decisions are made for each part of the element should be cited. A copy of the documentation, including schedules and drawings, shall be held at the archive of the site.

7.1.8 Archaeological Finds

Assemble, catalogue and safely house any archaeological finds that have been or are in the future removed from the site.

7.1.9 Interpretation

The subject site and building should be easily interpreted as being a former Police Residence & Lock-up and a former Police Station. Any future uses should assist this interpretation.

7.1.10 Community Involvement

The local community should be given the opportunity to participate in and contribute to decisions which are made about the use and management of the site.

7.1.11 Funding

Avenues for funding and sponsorship should be explored.

Discussion: Shoalhaven City Council may be eligible for grant funding to assist them to meet the costs of conservation at the site. Possible sources of funding include: • Local Council grants • NSW Heritage Office

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7.2 Subject site

7.2.1 The relationship between the former Police Residence & Lock-up at Nowra and the Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets streetscape should be conserved and maintained.

7.2.2 The relationship between the subject building and the Nowra Court House, as well as other significant law-enforcement related buildings in the Plunkett Street Conservation Area (e.g. the Police residence adjacent the court house, as well as the recent Police Station), should be conserved and maintained.

7.2.3 The views to the former Police Residence & Lock-up from the approach along Kinghorne Street from the town centre should be conserved.

7.2.4 Any development in the vicinity of the subject site should be carefully considered to ensure that it does not negatively impact on the significance of the subject site.

Discussion: A proposal has been put forward for an extension to the Court House, linking it with the Police Station. If such a structure is to be built here, it should be appropriately screened from the subject building to minimise its impact. (Refer 5.7.1).

7.2.5 An Interpretation Plan should be prepared for the subject site and building.

7.2.6 A picket fence could be constructed to the boundary of the subject site, as per historical photographs.

Discussion: A fence would aid in giving the site an identity in the streetscape. (Refer to Appendix A, Figure No.A1).

7.2.7 Appropriate landscaping to the site should be undertaken, as per historical photographs.

7.2.8 All sub-surface areas below and adjacent to the site should be considered to have archaeological potential, particularly to the rear of the subject site.

7.2.9 Generally, any new works to the subject site should be carefully designed to avoid any disturbance of archaeological items potentially located on the site and adjacent areas.

7.2.10 The subject building should continue its present use as the Nowra Museum.

Discussion: The use of the subject building for the Nowra Museum is in keeping with the historical use of the site being used for community purposes. It is therefore appropriate that it should continue.

7.2.11 Shoalhaven Historical Society could be appointed as the Trust Manager of the former Police Residence & Lock-up.

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7.3 Subject building

7.3.1 The character of the subject building, which is that of a Federation Period public building, namely a Police Residence & Lock-up, should be conserved and maintained.

7.3.2 Any new use of the subject building should relate to the historical use of the building as a community/public building.

7.3.3 Any new works to the building should be carefully designed so as to not interfere with the significance of the building and have limited impact on significant fabric.

7.3.4 Original and early significant fabric should be conserved and maintained.

Discussion: Significant fabric includes but is not limited to: • Structure generally; • Roof structure generally (including, but not limited to, tiles and finials); • Windows; • Doors; • Timber joinery generally; • Fireplaces; • Remnants of roofing over former exercise yard; • Urinal and basin in former exercise yard; • Sandstone blocks; • Rain heads; • Steps – front and side; • Decorative vent hoods; • Vents – terracotta; • External Police Station signage; • Potential archaeology – e.g. in the vicinity of the former stables; • Moveable heritage relating to the subject site – e.g. the hitching post housed in the Museum.

7.3.5 The portico to the eastern elevation of the subject building should be restored. Maintain the existing tiled and corrugated metal rooves to the subject building.

Discussion: This space has been closed up and is not accessible. Options for its use should be explored.

7.3.6 The use of all former entrances into the building should be reinstated and encouraged.

Discussion: This includes the front (main) entrance and the side porch entrance, as well as the main side entrance through the 1990s addition to the building. Security concerns raised by the reinstatement of these entrances could be mitigated by upgrading the security system to the building.

7.3.7 Future signage to the subject building should be free-standing and sympathetic to the significance of the subject building.

7.3.8 The security system to the building should be checked over and upgraded where necessary.

7.3.9 Disabled access to the subject building should be inspected and upgraded if necessary where reasonable.

Discussion: As the main entrance to the museum is through the 1990s addition on the southern elevation of the building, it is appropriate for the disabled access to be through this entrance. This will also limit the impact on significant fabric of the building. Disabled access should be allowed onto the demolished cell block area. This will become possible after removal of the recent concrete and brick slab.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 73 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

7.3.10 The existing toilet facilities in the subject building are inadequate and should be upgraded.

Discussion: (Refer 7.3.12 below). If the toilet facilities are removed from this area, it could be used as a storage space. This would require removal of the recent southern wall (immediately housing the existing toilet) to open the space up to its original size. This space has been altered many times in the past and little significant fabric remains except for the basic structure, eg walls, floors and roof.

7.3.11 The dilapidated timber fence to the rear of the subject building should be removed and replaced.

Discussion: The timber fence is unsympathetic, as well as a safety hazard, and should be removed. It could be replaced with a high metal palisade fence. This fence would then be an interpretive device in itself, in that it would convey the feeling of being behind bars. This would be appropriate as this area housed the cells. (Refer to Appendix G).

Addendum: This fence was constructed during the course of this project.

7.3.12 The cellblock to the rear of the subject building could be reconstructed or conjecturally reconstructed.

Discussion: This area could house toilet facilities and additional storage space and display areas for the museum. One “cell” could also be used as an interpretation display area for information on the former Police Residence & Lock-up. This structure could be built in addition to the fence in this location, or it could replace the fence. Alternatively, this area could be roofed and the fence retained.

7.3.13 Ideally the tiles should be removed from the floor of the former exercise yard.

Discussion: The former exercise yard would likely have been concreted. The tiles to the floor of the former exercise yard are not appropriate and do not aid in the interpretation of the space as a former exercise yard.

7.3.14 New interventions should be reversible, sympathetic and clearly interpreted by means of introduced interpretative devices or by method of style of construction, as new work.

7.3.15 An Interpretation Plan should be prepared for the subject building.

7.3.16 The interpretive display located in the building should be continued.

7.3.17 The recent alterations and additions to the building should be easily interpretable as such.

Discussion: The bricks of the new sections of the building are very similar to the original, making it difficult to differentiate between the old and the new. The demolition and reconstruction of the exercise yard and the main display area should be interpreted (e.g. through signage, in the interpretation display housed on site, etc).

Tropman & Tropman Architects 74 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

7.4 Subject Landscape

7.4.1 A Landscape Plan should be prepared for the subject site and a scheme implemented to complement the subject building.

7.4.2 Original and early significant fabric and features should be conserved.

Discussion: This includes, but is not limited to, the following: • Cabbage tree palms (Livistona australis)

7.4.3 A survey of the plantings of the subject site should be undertaken to determine plant species as well as age, condition and significance to the site.

7.4.4 Regular maintenance of the plantings on the site should be undertaken as required.

Discussion: This should take the form of a regular inspection by an arborist and pruning where necessary.

7.4.5 The hard landscaping to the front (north) of the subject building should be reconsidered and possibly replaced, as per historical photographs (refer Appendix A).

7.4.6 A picket fence could be constructed to the boundary of the subject site, as per historical photographs.

Discussion: A fence would aid in giving the site an identity in the streetscape, as well as aid in interpretation and appreciation of the curtilage of the site.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 75 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

8.0 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

This implementation strategy is not prescriptive, rather it is intended as a set of recommendations for the implementation of the conservation policy. Any other proposals for the site should comply with the conservation policies contained in Section 8 of this report.

8.1 Immediate Works

8.1.1 General conservation works should be undertaken immediately by Council to prevent deterioration of the significant fabric of the building.

The works should follow the recommendations of the Schedule of Maintenance Works contained in Appendix C of this report. All works should be done in accordance with the conservation policies contained in Section 7.0 of this report.

8.1.2 General maintenance should be undertaken on a regular basis, beginning immediately, including cleaning gutters, mowing grass and pruning nearby trees when necessary.

8.1.3 Replace the dilapidated fence surrounding the former cell block area to the rear of the subject building. The fence should be affixed to the side of the floor here, rather than on top of the existing brick and concrete floor. The purpose of this is to indicate the original floor level of the cell block. (Refer 7.3.11 Addendum: This fence was constructed during the course of this project, and Appendix G).

8.1.4 Repair and/or replace guttering where necessary.

8.2 Future Works

8.2.1 Adopt the proposed external colour scheme for the site which is contained in Appendix D of this report.

8.2.2 Disabled access should be continued through the main side entrance of the building (through the recent addition on the southern elevation) and onto the demolished cell block area.

8.3 Landscaping

8.3.1 Landscaping of the site should be undertaken in accordance with the conservation policies contained in Section 7.0 of this report as follows • Prepare a Landscape Plan for the entire subject site (7.4.1); • Conserve significant plantings including, but not limited to, the following: — Cabbage tree palms (Livistona australis) (7.4.2); • Undertake a survey of the plantings of the subject site (7.4.3); • Undertake regular maintenance of the plantings on the site (7.4.4); • Reconsider and ideally remove/replace hard landscaping to the front (north) of the subject building (7.4.5); • Construct a picket fence to the boundary of the subject site (7.4.6) (Refer to Appendix A, Figure No.A1).

8.4 Options for future use

8.4.1 The feasibility of the options listed in Section 6.7 of this report should be investigated with close reference to the constraints and requirements of this Conservation Management Plan and the conservation policies contained in Section 7.0 of this report.

8.4.2 The future use of the subject site and buildings should continue to be community based. This includes use of the site as a museum for the Shoalhaven Historical Society.

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Tropman & Tropman Architects 77 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

9.0 ASSET MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES

9.1 Management

9.1.1 Treat the site as being of high cultural significance, and consequently guide any activities at the site by the provisions of the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter.

9.1.2 Manage the subject site in a way that allows the maximum amount of this Conservation Management Policy to be implemented.

9.1.3 A clear structure setting out the responsibility for the day-to-day maintenance and care of the fabric of the site should be developed and made available to all persons involved in the care of the site. This should include the interior, exterior and landscape of the site.

9.1.4 Personnel skilled in disciplines of conservation practice shall be engaged as appropriate to advise on both minor and major works and implement conservation aspects at the site.

9.1.5 In the event that any disturbances have to take place within the site a suitable qualified conservator shall be engaged to supervise, monitor and record the material being removed.

9.1.6 Carry out, catalogue and archive systematic photographic surveys of the site, before, during and after any major works in accordance with NSW Heritage Office and NSW Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR) Guidelines.

9.1.7 This Conservation Management Plan shall be consulted and specific proposals for the site assessed in the light of what is recommended in previous sections of these policies.

9.1.8 Future day-to-day management of the site should be undertaken in close consultation with the local community. This will empower the community and enable Shoalhaven City Council to determine the best use of the subject site. Management of the Trust could be given to Shoalhaven Historical Society.

9.2 Statutory approvals

9.2.1 The relevant consent authorities (i.e. Shoalhaven City Council and/or the NSW Heritage Office) should be contacted and approval obtained prior to any works.

9.2.2 To carry out works to an item listed on the State Heritage Register, a Section 60 application will need to be prepared and submitted to the NSW Heritage Office for approval. A Heritage Impact Statement and Conservation Management Plan will generally need to be prepared to accompany the application.

9.2.3 Should any disturbance to an archaeological site be required during any development works, an excavation permit (Section 140 application) will be required from the NSW Heritage Office.

9.3 Maintenance

9.3.1 The Schedule of Conservation Works contained in Appendix C of this report should be instigated as soon as possible so that conservation works may begin to prevent deterioration to the subject buildings and significant fabric.

9.3.2 The Schedule of Conservation Works should be checked over and updated as required.

9.3.3 Items should be checked over regularly, say every six months, by a person experienced in heritage conservation. Any repairs required should be undertaken immediately to prevent deterioration to significant fabric.

9.3.4 Maintenance should ultimately be the responsibility of the owner. Some responsibility may be given to the lessee as appropriate.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 78 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

9.4 Exemptions

9.4.1 If works to be undertaken at the site are minor (such as maintenance and repair) they can be carried out in accordance with section 57(2) of the Heritage Act without requiring the approval of the Heritage Council. Refer to the NSW Heritage Office for standard exemptions information series.

Tropman & Tropman Architects 79 Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

10.0 MONITORING AND REVIEW

10.1 General – Monitoring and Review of Documentation

10.1.1 Review and revise this Conservation Management Plan at regular intervals (i.e. 5-7 years), firstly say, five years from its adoption.

10.1.2 This Conservation Management Plan should be endorsed by the NSW Heritage Office.

10.1.3 Copies of this Conservation Management Plan should be held at the archive for the site, placed in a public archive such as a library and should be made publicly available.

10.1.4 Monitor and review the Schedule of Conservation Works at regular intervals, say annually, to ensure its effectiveness and adapt where necessary.

10.2 Monitoring and Review of Subject Site

10.2.1 The subject site should be checked over on a regular basis for repair and maintenance (refer section 8.0, 9.0 and Appendix C).

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Appendix A Historical Figures and Documentation (Note: The following photographs and diagrams were obtained from Shoalhaven Historical Society)

Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A1: Former Police Residence & Lock-up at Nowra, c1907. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A2: Nowra Court House, c1907. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A3: Nowra Police Force on the front steps of the Lock-up, c1907. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A4: Nowra Lock-up (undated) showing the recent Police Station to the rear, the enclosed verandah and the addition to the western façade (entrance to the female cell). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A5: Nowra Lock-up (undated) showing the enclosed portico on the eastern elevation. Also note the brick fence to the fround boundary. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A6: Nowra Lock-up (undated) showing the cell block to the rear prior to their demolition. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A7: The partially demolished cells and exercise yard of the Nowra Lock-up (1970s). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A8: Interior photographs of the former Police Residence & Lock-up (1970s). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A9: Interior photograph (undated) of the former exercise yard looking east, prior to demolition. Figure No.A10: Interior photograph (undated) of the former exercise yard looking west, prior to demolition. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A11: 1899 Vernon plan of the former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.6) Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A12: Enlargement of the floor plan of the subject building from the 1899 Vernon plan. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.6) Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix A: Historical Figures and Documentation Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.A13: 1958 plan of the subject building. (Source: Florance, 2001, p.10) Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Appendix B Photographic Survey

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B1: View along Kinghorne Street looking south. Figure No.B2: View along Plunkett Street looking west. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B3: View to the intersection of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets from Kinghorne Street. Figure No.B4: View of the intersection from the north corner of the subject site. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B5: View to buildings opposite the subject site. Figure No.B6: View to buildings opposite the subject site. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan February 2004

Figure No.B7: View from Kinghorne Street to recent Police Station to the rear of the subject site. Figure No.B8: View to recent Police Station from courtyard to the rear of the subject site. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B9: View to Court House from the courtyard to the rear of the subject site. Figure No.B10: View to Court House from the courtyard to the rear of the subject site. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B11: View to Court House from the courtyard to the rear of the subject site. Figure No.B12: View of part of Court House and the courtyard. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B13: View of part of the courtyard. Figure No.B14: View of part of the courtyard through to the subject site and Plunkett Street. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B15: View to the subject building from Kinghorne Street. Figure No.B16: View of subject site and front garden from the intersection of Plunkett and Kinghorne Streets. Note the Cabbage Tree Palms flanking the building. (The distortion of the image is due to joining the photographs together). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B17: Front elevation of the subject building. Figure No.B18: Bird of Paradise at the front steps. Note also the bottom sandstone and terracotta string course. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B19: Frangipani at the front verandah. Figure No.B20: Verandah detail. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B21: Garden steps. Figure No.B22: Verandah detail. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B23: Front steps leading up to verandah. Figure No.B24: Verandah and front door. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B25: Sign at front door of the subject building. Figure No.B26: View along the verandah. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B27: Detail of changes to verandah around window. Figure No.B28: Window that replaced French doors. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B29: Evidence of the enclosure of the verandah is visible in the verandah floor. Figure No.B30: Evidence of the enclosure of the verandah is visible in the verandah floor. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B31: East elevation. Figure No.B32: East elevation showing porch. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B33: Porch on east elevation. Figure No.B34: Detail above porch. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B35: Detail of string course along east elevation. Figure No.B36: Space under the building accessed from the eastern side. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B37: Rear (south) elevation. Figure No.B38: Rear and western elevations. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B39: Rear (south) elevation of the subject building and the recent Police Station. Figure No.B40: Former cell block and reconstructed wall of the exercise yard. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B41: Rear elevation and raised floor level of the former cell block. Figure No.B42: Detail of the raised floor level of the former cell block. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B43: Roof detail. Figure No.B44: Main roof detail. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B45: West elevation. Figure No.B46: West elevation detail. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B47: New and old sections along the west elevation. Figure No.B48: View to recent addition to the subject building along the west elevation. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B49: Join between the new and old sections along the west elevation. Figure No.B50: Detail of damage to brickwork along the west elevation. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B51: Detail of deterioration to west elevation. Figure No.B52: Detail of damage to brickwork along the west elevation. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B53: View south along hallway. Figure No.B54: View north along hallway from previously external entrance from the former courtyard area. The door is missing. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B55: Detail of skirting and moulding along hallway. Figure No.B56: Front door detail. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B57: Front door detail. Figure No.B58: Former bedroom (front room on the western side). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B59: Hitching post from the former police paddock. Figure No.B60: Interpretive display regarding the police residence & lock-up. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B61: Former sitting room (front room on the east side of the hallway). Figure No.B62: Former sitting room (front room on the east side of the hallway). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B63: Former bedroom (second room on the western side). Figure No.B64: Former bedroom (second room on the western side). Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B65: Former dining room (second room on the eastern side). Figure No.B66: Peeling paint in the former dining room. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B67: Door to porch from the former dining room. Figure No.B68: Detail of internal door. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B69: View to former store room, now kitchen. Figure No.B70: View through to former bathroom area containing the toilet and wash basin. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B71: Later opening between former store room and bathroom. Figure No.B72: Toilet. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B73: Former courtyard, now the entrance into the museum. Figure No.B74: Former courtyard, now the entrance into the museum. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B75: Detail of metal door leading into the former exercise yard. The cell doors would have been the same as this door. Figure No.B76: Former exercise yard. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B77: Remnant bars from the barred ceiling of the former exercise yard. Figure No.B78: Remnant bars from the barred ceiling of the former exercise yard. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Recent brickwork

Original brickwork

Figure No.B79: Remnant bars from the barred ceiling of the former exercise yard. Figure No.B80: Join between original and recent brickwork. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.B81 & 82: Windows in the former exercise yard. The location of the windows correlates to the location of the cell doors. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix B: Photographic Survey Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Appendix C Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works

Preamble

The following schedule of essential maintenance works is proposed for the Former Police Station, Nowra and site.

The specific requirement of the brief was to document the external and internal conservation maintenance works to maintain the existing uses.

The works have been categorised by the buildings main elements with preliminary budget cost estimates provided.

NB: These costings exclude GST.

Methodology

Since the site is of heritage significance, any works at the site should be carried out in accordance with the principles of the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter and the recommendations of the Conservation Management Plan, 2004 prepared by Tropman & Tropman Architects.

Generally, any works are to be carried out to the satisfaction and with approval and/or as instructed by a Heritage Conservation Architect approved by Shoalhaven City Council

Generally, take care not to damage any early fabric or associated items.

Terminology

The following terms are used in this document.

TME ~ to match existing

SCS ~ Selected colour scheme

HCA ~ Heritage Conservation Architect

SCC ~ Shoalhaven City Council

BCA ~ Building Code of Australia

AC ~ Asbestos Cement

CONSERVATION ~ Means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. It includes maintenance and may according to circumstance include preservation, restoration, reconstruction and adaptation and will be commonly a combination of more than one of these.

Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

1.0 ALL WORKS NO. ITEM 1.1 GENERALLY

1.1.1 Ensure all work is carried out with the consideration of users safety at all times

1.1.2 Ensure all work is carried out by experienced tradespeople

1.1.3 Ensure samples are provided as requested by HCA at no extra cost

1.1.4 Ensure all asbestos associated items are handled carefully by experienced professionals in accordance with safety procedures of the relevant authorities.

Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

2.0 EXTERNAL WORKS

NO. ITEM COST $ 2.1 GENERALLY

2.1.1 Carefully clean all surfaces including but not limited to walls and windows. 2,000

2.1.2 Check packing and ant caps of all piers and repair where necessary. 2,000

2.1.3 Check air space under building and ensure that timber floor structure is clear 500 of earth. Ensure ventilation space is free.

2.1.4 Check over all wall vents and repair or replace where necessary TME. 500

2.1.5 Doors 500 a. Check over all door hardware and repair where necessary TME b. Check over all door leaves and repair where necessary TME

2.1.6 Windows 500 a. Check over all window components including but not limited to metal hardware, timber frame, sill and sashes, glazing and condition of putty.

2.1.7 Replace and reconstruct French doors (in replace of window) on the front 5,000 verandah to match the original.

2.1.8 Replace and reconstruct windows and door along the E portico. 5,000

2.1.9 Remove existing timber fence to the former cell block and erect a high metal 3,000 palisade fence.

2.1.10 Check over timber fascia and repair where necessary. 500

2.1.11 Prepare and paint any prepainted surfaces to selected colour scheme unless 5,000 otherwise directed by the HCA.

2.1.12 Check over and rationalise all recent exposed services including gas, water 2,000 and electricity.

2.1.13 Check over brick walls (including tuckpointing), sandstone trimming and 2,000 decorative coursework of building and repair where necessary TME.

2.1.14 Check over and upgrade security system to building. 2,000

2.1.15 SUBTOTAL EXTERNAL 30,500

Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

NO. ITEM COST $ 2.2 ROOF

2.2.1 Ensure that downpipes are checked at least every 3 months and blockages 500 are fixed. Reinstall missing downpipe along W wall.

2.2.2 Ensure that gutters are checked and cleaned at least every 3 months and 500 ensure that there are no blockages.

2.2.3 Check over terra cotta tiled roofing and replace where necessary TME. 500

2.2.4 Check over timber finials and replace where necessary TME. 500

2.2.5 Check over all flashings and repair where necessary. 500

2.2.6 Check over corrugated iron roofing over later addition and repair where 500 necessary.

2.2.7 SUBTOTAL ROOF 3,000

NO. ITEM COST $ 2.3 SITE

2.3.1 Remove concrete walkways around the building and reconstruct to match 2,000 original.

2.3.2 Maintain existing planting along building regularly. 1,000 Ensure that plantings are pruned and not in contact with the building and allow for ventilation of the building (including light).

2.3.3 Reconsider and possibly replace landscaping to the front (N and E) of the 5,000 subject building to compliment the subject building.

2.3.4 Install watering systems to ensure no excess water to building. 750

2.3.5 Check over all masonry stairs and repair and replace where necessary TME. 500

2.3.6 Maintain masonry steps to the N and the E, including masonry landings. 1,000

2.3.7 Reconstruct picket fence to boundary to match original. 5,000

2.3.8 SUBTOTAL SITE 15,250

Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

3.0 INTERNAL WORKS

NO. ITEM COST $ 3.1 INTERIOR

3.1.1 Clean carefully all surfaces including but not limited to floors, walls, ceilings, 500 joinery, windows and doors.

3.1.2 Prepare and paint all prepainted surfaces both internally and externally to 7,500 SCS unless otherwise directed by the HCA.

3.1.3 Maintain and conserve all early timber floors. 1,000

3.1.4 Check over original timber joinery including but not limited to skirtings and 1,000 door architraves and repair where necessary.

3.1.5 Check over ceilings and associated joinery and repair where necessary. 1,000

3.1.6 Check over and update security system. INCL

3.1.7 Lighting 500 Maintain the existing ceiling light fittings.

3.1.8 Remove WC from existing location and reconstruct dividing wall between this 5,000 space and the existing kitchen. Provide access to the new space from the kitchen.

3.1.9 SUBTOTAL INTERNAL 16,500

4.0 SPECIAL WORKS

NO. ITEM COST $ 4.1 GENERALLY

4.1.1 Check flashing to the reconstructed cell doors and repair where necessary. 5,000

4.1.2 Reconstruct door and door hardware leading to the original cells. see 4.1.4

4.1.3 Sympathetically construct roof over former cell area to provide covered area 10,000 adjoining the former exercise yard. to Alternatively Sympathetically reconstruct cellblock to the rear. 100,000

4.1.4 Construct toilets to the former cell block area. 10,000

4.1.5 Remove bricks and concrete slab (where original cells were located) to 5,000 original floor level to be level with the rear entry.

4.1.6 Check reconstructed cell door openings and ensure floor is clear of earth. 1,000

4.1.7 Ensure best possible disabled access to the building. 2,000

4.1.8 SUBTOTAL INTERNAL 33,000 to 133,000

5.0 TOTAL ALL WORKS 98,250 to 198,250 Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix C: Schedule of Conservation Maintenance Works Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Appendix D Proposed Colour Scheme Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix D: Proposed Colour Scheme Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix D: Proposed Colour Scheme Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Proposed Colour Scheme

The colour choices of the proposed scheme, for the Former Police Station, Nowra are listed below and are illustrated in figure: CS1. Note: These colours have been expressed in British Standard Colours 381C: 1964

Proposed External Colour Scheme for the Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra,

Element British Standard No. Colour Brick Piers Do not paint Brick walls Do not paint Sandstone coursework Do not paint

Gables Louver vent Light Beige 366 Louver vent frame Light Beige 366 Timber barge board Light Beige 366 Timber Barge Board mouldings Venetian Red 445 Exposed rafters Light Beige 366 Eaves Soffits Light Beige 366 Verandah beam Light Beige 366

Doors Timber Door Architrave Venetian Red 445 Timber Door leaf Venetian Red 445 French door with glass panels Venetian Red 445

Windows Timber Window Sash Light Beige 366 Timber Window sill and frames Venetian Red 445 Timber Window architrave Venetian Red 445

Roof Corrugated Iron Roof Sheeting Do not paint Terra cotta roof tiles Do not paint Brick chimney Do not paint Metal Guttering Gulf Red 473 Metal Downpipes Gulf Red 473

Verandah Base course Red Oxide 446 Floor Red Oxide 446 Verandah steps Do not paint

Fence Timber picket fence Light Beige 366 Gate post tops (trimming) Venetian Red 445

Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix D: Proposed Colour Scheme Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix D: Proposed Colour Scheme Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Figure No.D1: Proposed Colour Scheme for the Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra. Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix D: Proposed Colour Scheme Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix E: Excerpt from the Burra Charter Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Appendix E Excerpt from the Burra Charter Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix E: Excerpt from the Burra Charter Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix F: Consultant Brief Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Appendix F Consultant Brief Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix F: Consultant Brief Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix G: Scheme for former Cell Block Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

Appendix G Scheme for former Cell Block Tropman & Tropman Architects Appendix G: Scheme for former Cell Block Former Police Residence & Lock-up, Nowra Ref: 0355:CMP Conservation Management Plan March 2004

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