14 Alberta's Cardium
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Chapter Upper Cretaceous Reservoirs
CHAPTER 9 UPPER CRETACEOUS RESERVOIRS P. Viney, Petrel Robertson; Part B: Belly River Fm; and J.F. Chappell, L.L. & E. Canada; Part A: Cardium Fm INTRODUCTION The Bearpaw Fm, over 150 m thick in southcentral Alberta it would appear that exploration dollars directed towards them could Walker (1987, 1988), Swagor (1975) and Swagor et al. (1976). (14-18-2-23W4M), thins to the north and grades into the non-marine yield a good rate of return. Interest in exploration for these Cardium Fm conglomerate reser The evolution of the Alberta Basin during Upper Cretaceous time sequence of the overlying Horseshoe Canyon Fm (Edmonton Gp). voirs was reactivated in the early 1980's due to the discovery of and its effect on the geologic section is covered in the introduction to The four major Upper Cretaceous reservoirs are: 1) The Cardium; several new Cardium Fm pools and the recognition that modern this text. Strata of the Upper Cretaceous underlie most of the area Production has been obtained from the Upper Cretaceous section 2) The lower Belly River; 3) The Dunvegan-Doe Creek; and 4) The seismic reflection technology could be used in their detection covered by the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in an almost con for many years. However, prospecting for Upper Cretaceous hydro Belly River fluvial. (Chappell, 1984, 1985; Wren, 1984). The Carrot Creek Cardium S tinuous sequence of deposition. From the Base of Fish Scales Zone, carbons did not begin in earnest until the discovery of Cardium pool, located in 53-12 and 13 W5M (Fig. 9.4), is a typical example. -
Petroleum System Modeling of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin – Isopach Grid Files
Petroleum System Modeling of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin – Isopach Grid Files By Debra K. Higley1, Mitchell E. Henry, and Laura N.R. Roberts Report Series 2005-1421 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 Inquiries about this publication should be addressed to: Debra K. Higley U.S. Geological Survey, MS 939, Box 25046 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Tel: 303-236-5791 Email: [email protected] 1 U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2005 For products and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS–the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Debra K. Higley, Mitchell Henry, and Laura N.R. Roberts, 2006, Petroleum System Modeling of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin – Isopach Grid Files: U.S. Geological Survey Report Series 2005-1421, web publication and associated data files. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only, and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 2 Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 3 Data Processing Steps …………………………………………….……. 4 Acknowledgments ………………………………….………………..…. 5 Zmap-Format Grid Files ..………………………….………………..…. 5 References and Software Cited …………………….……………..……. -
A Study of Potential Co-Product Trace Elements Within the Clear Hills Iron Deposits, Northwestern Alberta
Special Report 08 A Study of Potential Co-Product Trace Elements Within the Clear Hills Iron Deposits, Northwestern Alberta NTS 83M,N, 84C,D A STUDY OF POTENTIAL CO-PRODUCT TRACE ELEMENTS WITHIN THE CLEAR HILLS IRON DEPOSITS, NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA Prepared for Research and Technology Branch, Alberta Energy Prepared by APEX Geoscience Ltd. (Project 97213) In cooperation with The Alberta Geological Survey, Energy and Utility Board And Marum Resources Ltd. February, 1999 R.A. Olson D. R. Eccles C.J. Collom A STUDY OF POTENTIAL CO-PRODUCT TRACE ELEMENTS WITHIN THE CLEAR HILLS IRON DEPOSITS, NORTHWESTERN ALBERTA TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER ....................................................... vi 1.0 SUMMARY ........................................................................................................1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................3 2.1 Preamble....................................................................................................3 2.2 Location, Access, Physiography, Bedrock Exposure .................................4 2.3 Synopsis of Prior Scientific Studies of the Clear Hills Iron Deposits, and the Stratigraphically Correlative Bad Heart Formation ...............................4 2.4 Synopsis of Prior Exploration of the Clear Hills Iron Deposits....................6 3.0 GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................7 3.1 Introduction -
Cadomin and Jasper Areas Willem Langenberg and John Waldron
Field Guide to Selected Geological Sections of the Cadomin and Jasper Areas Willem Langenberg and John Waldron Edmonton Geological Society Field Trip Guide September 22-23, 2007 Introduction The Rocky Mountains can be divided into Foothills, Front Ranges, and Main Ranges as shown in the cartoon below (Fig. 1). Outcrops in the foothills are dominated by softer weathering Mesozoic rocks of the foreland basin: mainly sandstone and shale but also including conglomerates and coal. Most of the clastic rocks represent material eroded from earlier-formed parts of the orogen to the west, which was subsequently cannibalized as the thrustbelt advanced westward in late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic time. Locally in the foothills, the more resistant late Paleozoic carbonate rocks come to the surface in elongated ridges. Saturday's traverse will begin in the foothills of the Cadomin area and proceed southwest into the Front Ranges. In the Front Ranges carbonates dominate the landscape. These represent the late Paleozoic continental margin of the Laurentian continent, now sliced into multiple imbricated thrust sheets. Mesozoic clastics are confined to narrow valleys. On Sunday morning we will take the Yellowhead Highway further into the Front Ranges and eventually into the Main Ranges of the Rockies. In the Main Ranges, lower parts of the stratigraphy are preserved, including widespread outcrops of older, Early Paleozoic carbonates, clastics, and the underlying Proterozoic succession of the Windermere Supergroup. The structural style is different, too. Although thrust sheets are present, they are generally much larger in scale, and their dips are gentler. In addition, the rocks were more ductile when deformed, so that cleavage and folds are much more widely developed in the mudrocks. -
Exploration Analysis
EXPLORATION ANALYSIS CARDIUM FORMATION Current Situation The Cardium Formation is not an exploration target in B.C. Where it has been tested, it is as a secondary target, and often with a straddle drillstem test run on the basis of a prospective well log signature. The formation has thus been open to drilling fluids for an extended period of time, and wellbore damage is likely to be severe. This situation is exacerbated by lack of reservoir “sweet spots”, shallow drilling depths and subnormal formation pressures. Velvet Exploration undertook an exploration program in 2000/2001 for fractured Cardium shoreface sandstones in the Copton-Narraway area of Alberta, in the southeastern corner of Map 2. There do not appear to be a substantial number of new Cardium wells on production in this area, and Velvet’s successor, El Paso, is not drilling new wells on the play. Tight Gas Potential The Cardium presents an attractive in-place gas resource, with massive sandstones of substantial thickness distributed continuously over a large area (Map 2) (Table 1). Because of its shallow burial depth, there has been less reservoir degradation by compaction than for deeper tight gas reservoirs. However, low reservoir pressures reduce in-place gas volumes, particularly within the subnormally-pressured Deep Basin. By qualitative comparison with the Cadotte and Spirit River, we speculate an in-place gas resource of 1-3 BCF/section. Cardium tight gas will likely be a secondary, uphole target to be exploited in conjunction with deeper tight gas plays. Locally, Cardium gas production may occur where: • operators stumble upon conglomeratic sweet spots, or • fracture-enhanced reservoir sections are defined in the Foothills, where the Cardium section is thickest. -
Allostratigraphic Analysis of the Muskiki and Marshybank Formations
Allostratigraphic analysis of the Muskiki and Marshybank Formations (Coniacian) in the Central Alberta Foothills and Plains: Possible evidence for an eustatic control on deposition Elizabeth Hooper, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7 [email protected] and A Guy Plint, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7 [email protected] Summary The Muskiki and Marshybank formations, of Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian) age, form a major transgressive-regressive depositional cycle, about 100 m thick, that can be mapped throughout the Cretaceous foredeep of Western Canada. Detailed allostratigraphic results are lacking for central Alberta between townships 26 and 44; this study is designed to fill that knowledge gap. The investigation is based on detailed outcrop observation in the Foothills, linked to a regional allostratigraphic framework based on wireline logs. The studied rocks represent primarily shallow- marine environments and are abundantly fossiliferous. The rocks are organized into upward shoaling successions of mudstone and fine sandstone, typically 5-15 m thick. Successions are bounded by marine flooding surfaces that commonly bear pebble lags. Although the upward-shoaling successions resemble simple parasequences, the presence of winnowed pebble lags suggest a terminal period of shallowing and even subaerial emergence. The successions may therefore be interpreted as seaward expressions of depositional sequences. Repeated relative sea-level rise-fall cycles, on a timescale of a few hundred kyr, strongly suggest an eustatic control, plausibly attributable to glacio-eustasy in the Milankovitch band. Introduction The Muskiki and Marshybank formations of the Western Canada Cretaceous foredeep (Stott, 1963, 1967), comprise a major transgressive-regressive depositional cycle, about 100 m thick, that can be mapped from NE British Columbia at least as far south as northern Montana. -
Bedrock Geology of Alberta
Alberta Geological Survey Map 600 Legend Bedrock Geology of Alberta Southwestern Plains Southeastern Plains Central Plains Northwestern Plains Northeastern Plains NEOGENE (± PALEOGENE) NEOGENE ND DEL BONITA GRAVELS: pebble gravel with some cobbles; minor thin beds and lenses NH HAND HILLS FORMATION: gravel and sand, locally cemented into conglomerate; gravel of sand; pebbles consist primarily of quartzite and argillite with minor amounts of sandstone, composed of mainly quartzite and sandstone with minor amounts of chert, arkose, and coal; fluvial amygdaloidal basalt, and diabase; age poorly constrained; fluvial PALEOGENE PALEOGENE PALEOGENE (± NEOGENE) PALEOGENE (± NEOGENE) UPLAND GRAVEL: gravel composed of mainly white quartzite cobbles and pebbles with lesser amounts of UPLAND GRAVEL: gravel capping the Clear Hills, Halverson Ridge, and Caribou Mountains; predominantly .C CYPRESS HILLS FORMATION: gravel and sand, locally cemented to conglomerate; mainly quartzite .G .G and sandstone clasts with minor chert and quartz component; fluvial black chert pebbles; sand matrix; minor thin beds and lenses of sand; includes gravel in the Swan Hills area; white quartzite cobbles and pebbles with lesser amounts of black chert pebbles; quartzite boulders occur in the age poorly constrained; fluvial Clear Hills and Halverson Ridge gravels; sand matrix; ages poorly constrained; extents poorly defined; fluvial .PH PORCUPINE HILLS FORMATION: olive-brown mudstone interbedded with fine- to coarse-grained, .R RAVENSCRAG FORMATION: grey to buff mudstone -
Sedimentology and Allostratigraphy of the Basal Belly River Formation of Central Alberta
SEDIMENTOLOGY AND ALWSTRATIGRAPIIY OFTHE BASAL BELLY RIVER FORMATION OF CENTRAL ALBERTA SEDIMENTOLOGY AND ALLOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE BASAL BELLY RIVER FORMATION OF CENTRAL ALBERTA BY ZUWENA SALIM AL-RAWAHI, B.Sc.(Hons.) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science McMaster University (February) 1993 -McMASTER UNIVERSITY LllIlilARY MASTER OF SCIENCE (1993) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (Geology) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Sedimentology and Allostratigraphy of the Basal Belly River Formation of central Alberta AUTHOR: Zuwena Salim AI-Rawahi, B.Sc.(Hons.) (The University of Birmingham, U.K) SUPERVISOR: Dr. R.G.Walker NUMBER OF PAGES: xi, 174 ii Abstract The nature of the transition from marine Lea Park Formation to continental Belly River Formation has been studied in a 50 m thick section in the Campanian of central Alberta. The sediments are subdivided into three allomembers (A 1 to A3), bounded by erosional discontinuities which formed as a result of relative sea level changes. The topmost 18 m of the Lea Park Formation consists of interbedded mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, deposited in a marine offshore environment below fairweather wave base (FWWB). Allomember 1 consists of 11 m thick sandstones with Macaronichnus traces which were interpreted as the shoreface of a prograding fluvial- and wave- dominated delta. These shoreface sandstones lie sharply on offshore mudstones of the Lea Park Formation. The lower bounding discontinuity is interpreted as a regressive surface of erosion (RSE) and consequently, the progradation of the shoreface succession of allomember 1 is due to a drop in sea level, termed a forced regression. -
Integrated Geological Reservoir Characterization of the Cardium
Integrated geological reservoir characterization of the Cardium Wapiti Halo Play, Alberta John-Paul Zonneveld1,2, Barbara Rypien2, Eric Keyser2, and Darren Tisdale2 1Ichnology Research Group, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G2E3 2Modern resources Inc., Suite 200, 110 – 8th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2P 1B3 Summary The Cardium Formation was deposited on the eastern margin of the rising Canadian Cordillera during the Late Cretaceous (Turonian to Coniacian). It is one of the most prolific producers of liquid hydrocarbons in western Canada. Between the 1970’s and 1990s this unit was the focus of extensive vertical well development (eg. Krause et al., 1994; Hart and Plint, 2003). The last few years have seen a resurgence of interest in this unit as a horizontal drilling target (eg. Baranova and Mustaqeem, 2011; Kuntz et al., 2012; Pedersen et al., 2013; Grey and Cheadle, 2016.Rojas-Aldana, 2016). Recent exploration has targeted the ‘halo’; the tighter, but still hydrocarbon-bearing lithologies on the periphery of older conventional legacy plays. Although typically characterized by lower porosities and permeabilities than legacy pools, the halo plays commonly extend the size of the original reservoir by an order of magnitude or more. In these plays an understanding of lateral changes in reservoir parameters (porosity, permeability, mineralogy of grains and cements) is essential for successful well development and stimulation. The Wapiti pool occurs at the northwestern limit of Cardium deposition (Krause et al., 1990; Deutsch, 1992). Exploration in the Wapiti Cardium halo play is currently focused on the main Cardium Sandstone (Kakwa Member) although historically both the Kakwa Member sandstone and Cardium zone sandstone and conglomerate have formed exploration targets. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index adsorption 15-16 Caithness Flags 168 adsorption chromatography 152, 153 Canada see Nova Scotia Basin also Western Canada Age anticline 243 Sedimentary Basin Alabama see Mexican Gulf Coast carbon dioxide and migration 156 Alberta 218 carbon isotope ratios 193, 195 Alpine foreland carbon mass balance 11 maturation Carboniferous temperature 240-1 reservoirs 35, 41, 42, 218 timing 238-40 source rocks 210 regional setting 227-9 Cardium Formation 124, 209, 216 regional studies cataclasis v. diffusive mass transfer 256 Clergeon anticline 232-5 Central Graben (North Sea) see also Sub-Alpine Chains compaction studies 70-2, 76-9 stratigraphy 230-1 migration studies 52, 175, 177 structure 229 Charlie Lake Formation 209, 210 subsidence history 231-2 Chinchaga-Contact Rapids Formation 212 thrust timing 231 chromatography alteration v. degradation 197 fractionation 144, 145 Alwyn kitchen 91 process applications 152-4 Andrade formula 107 gas-liquid 156-7 Annecy 227, 241,246 gas-solid 156 aqueous fractionation 200, 201-2 liquid-liquid 155-6 aquifer properties 128, 130 liquid-solid 154-5 Arbuckle Formation 201 quantification 157-9 Are Formation 273 results 198 Arkansas 52 techniques 151-2 see also Mexican Gulf Coast theory 150-1 asphalt 227, 241,246 clay minerals Athabasca tar sands 208, 216 adsorption 15-16 Australia case study 24-7 permeability 12-13 Clergeon anticline 229, 232 burial history 232-4 Bakken Shale Formation 51-2 thermal history 234-5 Balder field 178 coal Baider Sandstone 183 oleophilicity 16 Banff Group 209 source potential 23-4 -
ARC Energy Trust Suite 4301, 400 – 3Rd Avenue S.W
COVERS 4/1/97 1:53 PM Page 1 ARC Energy Trust Suite 4301, 400 – 3rd Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta ARC ENERGY TRUST T2P 4H2 1996 ANNUAL REPORT COVERS 4/1/97 1:53 PM Page 3 NOTICE OF ANNUAL AND SPECIAL MEETING The Annual and Special Meeting of unitholders will be held on May 6, 1997 at 3:30 pm at the Westin Hotel, Lakeview Room, 320 – 4th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta. CORPORATE PROFILE CORPORATE INFORMATION ARC Energy Trust is a closed-end investment trust which offers investors indirect ownership in cash-generating assets plus the market liquidity of a publicly-traded security. The royalty trust structure allows net cash flow from oil and gas Directors and Officers of Trustee Legal Counsel properties to flow directly to unitholders in a tax-efficient manner. Business risk is minimized through the avoidance ARC Resources Ltd. Montreal Trust Company of Canada Burnet, Duckworth & Palmer of exploration and related high risk reinvestment activities, and through property and commodity diversification. Walter DeBoni (1) Corporate Trust Department Calgary, Alberta Chairman 600, 530 – 8th Avenue S.W. Mac Van Wielingen Calgary, Alberta Stock Exchange Listing Table of Contents Director, Vice-Chairman and Chief Executive Officer T2P 3S8 The Toronto Stock Exchange Trading Symbol: AET.UN Highlights 1 John P. Dielwart Director and President Bankers Royal Bank of Canada Message to Unitholders 2 John M. Beddome (1) Executive Office Director Calgary, Alberta ARC Energy Trust What is a Royalty Trust? 4 Frederic C. Coles (1) c/o ARC Financial Corporation Director Auditors Suite 4301, 400 – 3rd Avenue S.W. -
Pgof2000-3 Report.Pdf
i CONTENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STRUCTURAL AND TECTONIC FRAMEWORK 2 STRATIGRAPHY AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT 6 Precambrian Purcell Supergroup 6 Cambrian Flathead Sandstone, Gordon Shale, Elko and Windsor Mountain Formations 6 Middle and Upper Devonian Yahatinda, Fairholme Group, Alexo and Sassenach Formations 7 Upper Devonian Palliser Formation 10 Uppermost Devonian and Mississippian Exshaw Formation, Mississippian Banff Formation and Rundle Group 11 Pennsylvanian and Permian Rocky Mountain Supergroup 14 Triassic Spray River Group 15 Jurassic Fernie Formation 16 Jurassic and Lowermost Cretaceous Kootenay Group 17 Lower Cretaceous Blairmore Group 17 Lower Cretaceous Crowsnest Formation 19 Upper Cretaceous Alberta Group and Belly River Formation 20 INTRUSIVE ROCKS 21 EXPLORATION ACTIVITY 22 SOURCE ROCKS AND MATURATION 22 CONVENTIONAL PROSPECTIVE ZONES AND PLAY TYPES 23 Thrust Faulted Paleozoic Strata Below the Lewis Thrust 23 Faulted and Folded Paleozoic Strata Above the Lewis Thrust 26 Fairholme Group Stratigraphic and Combined Stratigraphic-Structural Traps 29 Mesozoic Structural-Stratigraphic Traps Below the Lewis Thrust 30 Mesozoic Structural Traps Above the Lewis Thrust 32 Hydrocarbons in Fractured Precambrian Metasediments 32 COALBED METHANE POTENTIAL IN THE MIST MOUNTAIN FORMATION 33 CONCLUSIONS 38 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 39 REFERENCES 39 MAP 1. Geological Map of the Flathead and Fernie-Elk Valley areas. MAP 2. Principal prospective trends. MAP 3. Distribution of coal-bearing Jurassic-Cretaceous Kootenay Group and younger strata, showing areas of coalbed methane potential. CROSS SECTION 1. Structural cross section across western Front Ranges, northern part of Elk River Valley and Highrock Range. CROSS SECTION 1a, structural cross section through overturned syncline in northern part of Elk River Valley. ii CROSS SECTION 2.